evaluation of water quality: physico-chemical

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 2, 2017.

881

Rajguru et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF FRESH AND MARINE WATER

ECOSYSTEMS IN THANE DISTRICT, M.S, INDIA

Shubhangi A. Rajguru*1 and Padma V. Deshmukh

2

1Department of Microbiology, S.I.C.E.S Degree College, Ambarnath (W), University of

Mumbai.

2Department of Microbiology, Smt.CHM College, Ulhasnagar-3 University of Mumbai.

ABSTRACT

In the current decade, with Industrialization, Urbanization and

Economic growth on one side, we still have two major limitations in

front of us i.e. Population & Pollution. Rightly said, “Correct diagnosis

is half Cure”. On Similar lines in order to rectify Pollution problem we

first need to understand, assess its nature and devise solutions within

our reach. Natural Ecosystems have always served as an inexhaustible

source of micro-organisms with varied potential in all walks of life.

The Present investigation deals with the study of Physico- chemical

parameters of fresh and marine water ecosystems in remote areas of

Thane district, M.S, India. Monthly variation in Colour, Temperature,

pH, salinity, Electrical conductivity, COD, BOD, DO, TDS, Chloride

content, Hardness content is noted. The study indicates that even

though these ecosystems are remotely located, increasing human population in the area has

led to over-utilization of natural resources viz; water, soil & fuels which are already limited.

Anthropogenic activities have drastically increased the pollution levels in these ecosystems.

Data obtained during Physico-chemical analysis is interpreted with the aid of statistical tools.

Statistical analysis confirm the status of these ecosystems as polluted. Once the status is

assessed, the curative measures can be planned and implemented.

KEYWORDS: Economic growth, Natural Ecosystems, Anthropogenic activities, Physico-

chemical Analysis.

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 6.647

Volume 6, Issue 2, 881-896 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

*Corresponding Author

Shubhangi A. Rajguru

Department of

Microbiology, S.I.C.E.S

Degree College,

Ambarnath (W),

University of Mumbai.

Article Received on

15 Dec. 2016,

Revised on 05 Jan. 2017,

Accepted on 25 Jan. 2017

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20172-8550


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INTRODUCTION

Water is nectar of life and life cannot sustain without it. Ever increasing demands of water for

domestic, irrigation as well as industrial sectors have created water crisis worldwide and also

affected the quality of water. Water quality includes all physical, chemical and biological

factors that influence its intended use. Kalyan is a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan region

and city in Thane district of Maharashtra. It is known for providing the significant work force

for the economy of Mumbai. Ganesh ghat, serves as a river side Chowpatty for Kalyan

residents and is currently the most popular place in town. This ecosystem originally serves as

a means of transportation in the city. Nandivali Pond, located on Kalyan Haji-Malang road

on the Outskirts of Kalyan city is a naturally created Pond ecosystem. About 20 kms away

from Kalyan, a fresh water pond ecosystem is created in Badlapur region to serve as a means

of recreation to the public. Increasing population has led to rise in anthropogenic activities

and its effect is also seen on water bodies in and around the city. Depletion in the quality and

quantity of aquatic flora and fauna is a direct indication of the same. Maharashtra Pollution

Control Board (MPCB) had conducted study of various aquatic ecosystems flowing through

this area under Water quality Monitoring project from 2004-2007 and warned about their

pollution status. Hence in the current investigation Physico-chemical parameters are studied

to assess the quality of water and to check implementation of corrective measures by the

Municipal Corporation authorities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area: Thane district (19.12 N Latitude and 73.02 E Longitude) is one of economically

and culturally rich districts located in Mumbai. The suburban area of Thane district

comprising Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation (KDMC) and Kulgaon Badlapur

Municipal Corporation (KBMC) were selected for the study. The present investigation was

carried on water samples collected from Ulhas river located near Durgadi fort (Ganesh Ghat)

in Kalyan City, Nandivali pond located on Kalyan Haji-Malang road on the Outskirts of

Kalyan city and a fresh water pond ecosystem located about 20 kms away from Kalyan,

Thane district M.S. India.

Sample Collection: The study was carried out for 12 months during January 2012 to

December 2012 at KDC and KNP site. At BLP site it was carried out from July 2012 to Aug

2013.For studying overall Physico-chemical nature of ecosystem, samples were collected

from selected sites during first week of every Month. 2.5 liters of water samples were


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collected in plastic bottles. All samples were transported to laboratory for analysis of

Physico-chemical Parameters.

Physico-chemical Analysis: The collected samples were analyzed for different Physico-

chemical Parameters viz; Temperature, Hydrogen Ion concentration (pH), Salinity, Electrical

Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D), Biological Oxygen Demand(B.O.D),

Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Hardness content & Chloride content. Water temperature was

recorded by standard Centigrade thermometer on field. pH of all the water samples was

determined using a pH meter (Model No:610 Equiptronics). Electrical Conductivity was

measured using a Conductivity meter. Rest all parameters were analyzed immediately on

return to laboratory by colorimetric and titrimetric methods. The analysis of Physico-

chemical characteristics is carried out by the standard methodologies for water analysis given

by APHA 2005, Welch 1958, Golterman et al 1978.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The variation in Physico-chemical characteristics of Natural aquatic ecosystems carried out

for 12 months during January 2012 to December 2012 for KDC and KNP site and July 2012

to August 2013 for BLP site has been summarized in tables 1,2,3 and interpretation of data

has been made with the help of statistical tools.

1. Colour: Colour of KDC sample throughout the time of sample collection was grey.

Different shades of grey were seen. Dark Grey in Pre-monsoon, Grey in Monsoon & Slight

Grey in Post monsoon season. KNP Sample showed Colour Variation. Pre-monsoon Sample

was Slight Green & Monsoon, Post – monsoon Samples were colourless. BLP Sample

showed different shades of Green. i.e. Greenish Yellow in Pre-monsoon & Monsoon season

& Greenish in Post-monsoon season.

2. Temperature: The temperature of a water body is an important water quality parameter

because excessive temperature(350C) through the addition of heated liquid effluents to water

bodies alters the state of the recipient body in a number of waters. High temperatures

increases the level of turbidity and invariability results to reduce rate of light penetration and

this in turn off sets photosynthesis process of phytoplanktons, the primary producers. High

temperature increases the metabolic rate of aquatic organisms and causes a reduction in the

level of dissolved oxygen (D.O). This may retard the growth and reproduction of fish and in

severe conditions result in death of marine life. High temperatures cause suspended solids to


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settle at a faster rate (2.5 times faster at 350C than at 0

0C) Density and viscosity of water will

also reduce at higher temperatures. For KDC site, Water temperature ranged from 260C

to

310C. Monthly analysis showed that it was highest at 31

0C

in the summer and slightly lower

in winter at 260C. For BLP site, Water temperature ranged from 26

0C to 34.5

0C. Monthly

analysis showed that it was highest at 34,50C

in the summer and lower in winter at 26

0C.

3. Hydrogen Ion concentration (pH): pH serves as an important chemical parameter in

water body since survival of the aquatic flora and fauna depends on a suitable pH. Aquatic

microorganisms are adapted to an average pH and do not withstand abrupt changes. However

the range varied from 7.01 to 8.69.The maximum pH was recorded in the month of October

2012 and minimum pH in the month of January 2012. For BLP site, the range varied from

6.72 to 9.62. The maximum pH was recorded in the month of October 2012 and minimum pH

in the month of January 2013.

4. Salinity: Salinity refers to total concentration of all ions in water. The minimum and

maximum contents of salinity recorded at KDC, KNP & BLP site were 6.13mg/l to

12.45mg/l,5.13mg/l to7.50mg/l, 5.12mg/l to 6.85mg/l respectively. Of which, the Peak value

was observed during winter days & negligible amount was reported during monsoon phase,

as reported [Sahni & Yadav, 2012]. The fluctuation in salinity is probably due to fluctuation

in total solids in conformity to the dispersed distribution of salts in the water [Salam et al

2000].

5. Electrical Conductivity: Electrical Conductivity refers to the specific electrical

conductance of water i.e. the ability of water to pass electric current. The conductivity of

water in µmhos/cm is roughly proportional to the concentration of dissolved solids (mostly

inorganic salts) it contains. Thus conductivity is important in ecology and environmental

management as an indicator of the total dissolved inorganic salts and other solids in water.

The low values of electrical Conductivity may be attributed to the freshwater nature of the

water bodies as have been similarly reported. [Puyate 2008].

6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D): COD is the amount of (dissolved) oxygen required

to oxidize and stabilize (organic and inorganic content of) the sample collection. It is used to

measure the content of oxidizable organic as well as inorganic matter of the water samples

under study. The COD of waste water is higher than BOD because more compounds are

chemically oxidized in a short interval of time. It has the advantage of getting completed in 3


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hours compared to 5 days of the BOD test.

7. Biological Oxygen Demand (B.O.D): BOD is the amount of oxygen required by

microorganisms to stabilize decomposable organic matter at a particular time and

temperature. BOD test is widely used to determine the pollution strength of domestic and

industrial wastes in terms of the oxygen that they require to deliver end products as CO2 and

H2O. Most pristine rivers will have a 5-day BOD below 1mg/l. Moderately polluted rivers

may have a BOD value in the range of 2 to 8mg/l. Municipal sewage that is efficiently treated

by a three stage process would have a value of about 20mg/l. Using the BOD values as

standard for evaluating the water body, the water quality of aquatic ecosystems under study

may be described as Oxygen – deficient due to various activities.

8. Dissolved Oxygen Content (D.O): A good level of dissolved oxygen is essential for

aquatic life. It is an important parameter in water quality assessment. The concentration of

DO varies daily and seasonally and depends on the species of phytoplankton present, light

penetration, nutrient availability, temperature, salinity, water movement, partial pressure of

atmospheric oxygen in contact with the water, thickness of the surface film and the bio-

depletion rates.

9. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS are the total amount of mobile charged ions,

including minerals, salts or metals dissolved in a given volume of water. As a rough

estimation, freshwater may be considered to have TDS of 1500 mg/l; brackish water,

5000mg/l and saline water, above 5000mg/l and sea water TDS values lie between 30,000and

34,000mg/l.

10. Hardness content: Hardness is defined as the ability of water to precipitate soap. It is

due to the presence of metallic cations like calcium, magnesium, ferrous and manganese ions.

Water attains hardness from its contact with soil and rock formations.

11. Chloride content: According to the tolerance limit standardized by World Health

Organization 2006, the standard limit of chloride for drinking purpose is 200 mg/l and ISI

standards for drinking water 1991 is 250 mg/l. In the present investigation, the higher

chloride content may be due to the contamination of inflow of wastes from terrestrial runoff

or of anthropogenic in origin.


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Fig1: Monthly variation in temperature Fig2: Monthly Variation in pH of Durgadi Creek

(oC) of Durgadi Creek

Fig3: Monthly Variation in C.O.D levels of Durgadi Creek Fig4: Monthly Variation in B.O.D of Durgadi Creek

Fig 5: Monthly Variation in Hardness content of Durgadi Creek Fig 6: Monthly Variation in Chloride content of Durgadi Creek

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Fig 1: Monthly Variation in temperature oC of Nandivali pond Fig 2: Monthly Variation in pH of Nandivali pond

Fig 3: Monthly Variation in B.O.D of Nandivali pond Fig 4: Monthly Variation in C.O.D of Nandivali pond

Fig 5: Monthly Variation in Chloride content of Nandivali pond Fig 6: Monthly Variation in Hardness content of Nandivali pond


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Fig 1: Monthly Variation in Temperature (oC)of Badlapur pond Fig2: Monthly Variation in pH of Badlapur Pond

Fig 3: Monthly Variation in COD of Badlapur pond Fig 5: Monthly Variation in Chloride content of Badlapur pond

Fig4: Monthly Variation in BOD of Badlapur pond Fig 6: Monthly Variation in Hardness content of Badlapur Pond


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Correlation Approach

Correlation studies between different variables are very helpful tool in promoting research

and opening new frontiers of knowledge. The study of statistical correlation decreases the

chance of ambiguity associated with decision making (Mahananda et al; 2010). The

correlation coefficient (r) among various Physico chemical parameters for selected areas

under study was calculated.

For KDC site, Temperature showed Positive correlation with Electrical Conductivity, BOD,

Chloride and Hardness content & Negative correlation with pH, Salinity, COD, DO & TDS.

On the contrary, pH exhibited Negative correlation with almost all parameters except

dissolved oxygen (r =0.535). Salinity exhibited positive correlation with EC,COD,TDS,

Chloride and Hardness content & Negative correlation with remaining parameters. EC

exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH and DO levels. COD exhibited

Positive correlation with all parameters except Temperature, pH and BOD levels. BOD

exhibited negative correlation with Salinity, pH, COD & DO; it exhibited positive correlation

with rest all parameters.DO exhibited Negative correlation with all parameters except pH and

COD. TDS exhibited Negative correlation with Temperature, pH, DO levels; rest all

parameters show positive correlation. Chloride content exhibited Positive correlation with

all parameters except pH and DO levels. Hardness content exhibited positive correlation

with all parameters except pH and DO levels. (Refer Table 1).

For KNP site, Temperature showed Positive correlation with all parameters except COD &

DO levels. On the contrary, pH exhibited Negative correlation with almost all parameters

except dissolved oxygen, temperature and TDS. Salinity exhibited positive correlation with

Temperature, EC, BOD, TDS, Chloride and Hardness content & Negative correlation with

remaining parameters. EC exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH and

DO levels. COD exhibited negative correlation with all parameters except EC & Hardness

content. BOD exhibited negative correlation with pH, COD & DO; it exhibited positive

correlation with rest all parameters.DO exhibited Negative correlation with all parameters

except pH and TDS.TDS exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except COD.

Chloride content exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH, COD and DO

levels. Hardness content exhibited positive correlation with all parameters except pH and

DO levels (Refer Table 2).

For BLP site, Temperature shows positive correlation with all parameters. pH exhibited


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Negative correlation with almost all parameters except dissolved oxygen, temperature and

COD. Salinity exhibited positive correlation with all parameters except pH, BOD and DO

levels. EC exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH, BOD and TDS

levels. COD exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except Hardness content.

BOD exhibited negative correlation with all parameters except Temperature, COD, TDS and

Chloride content. DO exhibited Negative correlation with all parameters except temperature,

pH, EC and COD. TDS exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH, EC and

DO levels. Chloride content exhibited Positive correlation with all parameters except pH

and DO levels. Hardness content exhibited positive correlation with all parameters except

pH, COD, BOD and DO levels (Refer Table 3).

Frequency charts Statistics-KDC

Tempera

ture pH Salinity EC COD BOD DO TDS Chloride Hardness

N Valid 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mean 32.6500 7.7558 8.0442 204.8308 566.6667 6.9975 3.6692 298.9108 3420.8983 20.9167

Median 32.5500 7.5750 6.9350 181.3000 670.0000 6.3800 4.0050 275.4500 2190.0000 16.8800

Mode 31.60 8.67 6.13a 101.65a 700.00 3.89a 1.72a 200.80a 36.38a .60a

Std. Deviation 1.67196 .70763 2.16690 73.15387 240.21140 3.43058 1.20345 72.13986 3170.59643 17.83081

Variance 2.795 .501 4.695 5351.489 57701.515 11.769 1.448 5204.159 1.005E7 317.938

Sum 391.80 93.07 96.53 2457.97 6800.00 83.97 44.03 3586.93 41050.78 251.00

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown.

Frequency charts Statistics-KNP

Temperature pH Salinity EC COD BOD DO TDS Chloride Hardness

N Valid 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mean 30.7917 7.3767 6.3692 149.6100 741.2500 18.2092 2.7025 178.4483 65.0917 4.2950

Median 30.4000 7.5000 6.3850 160.4600 460.0000 17.7600 2.7700 172.7050 60.1400 5.8000

Mode 28.50a 6.98a 5.13a 115.40a 480.00 9.89a 1.86a 190.51 30.12a 5.80

Std.

Deviation 1.91190 .24585 .85162 24.58699 634.41500 6.51431 .61964 28.93066 32.93455 2.52883

Variance 3.655 .060 .725 604.520 402482.386 42.436 .384 836.983 1084.685 6.395

Sum 369.50 88.52 76.43 1795.32 8895.00 218.51 32.43 2141.38 781.10 51.54

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01

level (2-tailed).


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Frequency charts -Statistics-BLP

Temp pH Salinit

y EC COD BOD DO TDS Chloride Hardne

ss N Valid 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mean 29.6000 7.9967 5.8967 149.6917 490.0000 9.3067 3.0767 205.7092 154.9602 3.2067

Median 29.3500 7.6100 5.9350 142.2750 410.0000 8.9700 3.2050 201.5650 185.9700 3.9350

Mode 26.50a 6.73 5.12a 112.65a 400.00 5.87a 1.60a 159.61a 35.35a .58a

Std.

Deviation 2.51902 1.25338 .55989 27.39720 165.30963 2.90897 1.12508 32.09086 89.21044 1.70902

Variance 6.345 1.571 .313 750.607 27327.273 8.462 1.266 1029.823 7958.502 2.921

Sum 355.20 95.96 70.76 1796.30 5880.00 111.68 36.92 2468.51 1859.52 38.48

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown.

Table 1: Correlation Analysis- KDC SITE

Temper

ture pH Salinity EC COD BOD DO TDS

Chlorid

e Hardness

Temperature Pearson 1 -.273 -.088 .377 -.384 .382 -.586* -.002 .220 .288

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .391 .786 .228 .218 .221 .045 .996 .493 .363

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

pH Pearson -.273 1 -.722** -.886** -.227 -.375 .535 -.320 -.683* -.659*

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .391 .008 .000 .477 .229 .073 .310 .014 .020

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Salinity Pearson -.088 -.722** 1 .623* .599* -.062 -.145 .644* .891** .842**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .786 .008 .030 .040 .848 .654 .024 .000 .001

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

EC Pearson .377 -.886** .623* 1 .125 .259 -.486 .149 .628* .595*

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .228 .000 .030 .699 .416 .109 .644 .029 .041

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

COD Pearson -.384 -.227 .599* .125 1 -.615* .362 .069 .436 .359

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .218 .477 .040 .699 .033 .248 .831 .156 .251

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12


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BOD Pearson .382 -.375 -.062 .259 -.615* 1 -.889** .086 .158 .220

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .221 .229 .848 .416 .033 .000 .790 .624 .493

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

DO Pearson -.586* .535 -.145 -.486 .362 -

.889**

1 -.055 -.457 -.512

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .045 .073 .654 .109 .248 .000 .866 .135 .089

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

TDS Pearson -.002 -.320 .644* .149 .069 .086 -.055 1 .574 .591*

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .996 .310 .024 .644 .831 .790 .866 .051 .043

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Chloride Pearson .220 -.683* .891** .628* .436 .158 -.457 .574 1 .993**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .493 .014 .000 .029 .156 .624 .135 .051 .000

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Hardness Pearson .288 -.659* .842** .595* .359 .220 -.512 .591* .993** 1

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .363 .020 .001 .041 .251 .493 .089 .043 .000

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 2: Correlation analysis - KNP site

Temper

ature pH Salinity EC COD BOD DO TDS Chloride Hardness

Temperature Pearson 1 .425 .236 .185 -.396 .075 -.166 .315 .302 .083

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .169 .460 .566 .203 .816 .605 .319 .341 .798

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

pH Pearson .425 1 -.130 - -.705* -.248 .507 .339 -.113 -.441

Correlation .184

Sig. (2-tailed) .169 .687 .567 .010 .437 .092 .282 .726 .152

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Salinity Pearson .236 - 1 .222 -.076 .781** -.535 .045 .789** .738**

Correlation .130


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Sig. (2-tailed) .460 .687 .489 .815 .003 .073 .890 .002 .006

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

EC Pearson .185 - .222 1 .522 .242 -.562 .004 .092 .616*

Correlation .184

Sig. (2-tailed) .566 .567 .489 .082 .448 .057 .990 .777 .033

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

COD Pearson -.396 - -.076 .522 1 -.048 -.685* - -.254 .375

Correlation .705 .340

*

Sig. (2-tailed) .203 .010 .815 .082 .883 .014 .279 .425 .229

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

BOD Pearson .075 - .781** .242 -.048 1 -.346 .168 .754** .791**

Correlation .248

Sig. (2-tailed) .816 .437 .003 .448 .883 .270 .601 .005 .002

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

DO Pearson -.166 .507 -.535 - -.685* -.346 1 .222 -.222 -.723**

Correlation .562

Sig. (2-tailed) .605 .092 .073 .057 .014 .270 .488 .489 .008

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

TDS Pearson .315 .339 .045 .004 -.340 .168 .222 1 .116 .022

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .319 .282 .890 .990 .279 .601 .488 .721 .947

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Chloride Pearson .302 - .789** .092 -.254 .754** -.222 .116 1 .615*

Correlation .113

Sig. (2-tailed) .341 .726 .002 .777 .425 .005 .489 .721 .033

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Hardness Pearson .083 - .738** .616 .375 .791** -.723** .022 .615* 1

Correlation .441 *

Sig. (2-tailed) .798 .152 .006 .033 .229 .002 .008 .947 .033

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).


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Table 3: Correlation Analysis -BLP Site

Temp pH Salinity EC COD BOD DO TDS Chloride Hardness

Temperature Pearson 1 -.216 .449 .38 .773** .200 .11 .255 .377 .262

Correlation 1 6

Sig. (2-tailed) .500 .143 .22 .003 .533 .71 .424 .228 .411

2 9

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

pH Pearson -.216 1 -.066 - -.146 -.490 .30 -.020 -.736** -.555

Correlation .29 5

7

Sig. (2-tailed) .500 .838 .34 .651 .106 .33 .951 .006 .061

9 4

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Salinity Pearson .449 -.066 1 .35 .651* .001 .02 .328 .257 .067

Correlation 7 8

Sig. (2-tailed) .143 .838 .25 .022 .996 .93 .297 .420 .837

5 0

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

EC Pearson .381 -.297 .357 1 .165 -.270 .48 -.109 .110 .046

Correlation 5

Sig. (2-tailed) .222 .349 .255 .608 .397 .11 .737 .733 .888

0

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

COD Pearson .773** -.146 .651* .16 1 .385 - .595* .526 .302

Correlation 5 .09

4

Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .651 .022 .60 .216 .77 .041 .079 .340

8 2

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

BOD Pearson .200 -.490 .001 - .385 1 - .351 .511 .108

Correlation .27 .53

0 4

Sig. (2-tailed) .533 .106 .996 .39 .216 .07 .263 .090 .738

7 4

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

DO Pearson .116 .305 .028 .48 -.094 -.534 1 -.082 -.506 -.371


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Correlation 5

Sig. (2-tailed) .719 .334 .930 .11 .772 .074 .799 .093 .235

0

N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

TDS Pearson .255 -.020 .328 - .595* .351 - 1 .392 .299

Correlation .10 .08

9 2

Sig. (2-tailed) .424 .951 .297 .73 .041 .263 .79 .207 .345

CONCLUSION

The study assessed the evaluation of water quality in aquatic ecosystems located in Thane

District M.S. India. Certain important parameters like Colour, Temperature, Hydrogen Ion

concentration (pH), Salinity, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D),

Biological Oxygen Demand(B.O.D), Dissolved Oxygen content (D.O).Total Dissolved

Solids(TDS), Hardness content & Chloride content were analyzed. The findings of the

present study revealed that among all the areas under study, BLP site was least polluted,

followed by moderate degree of pollution at KNP site whereas KDC site was intensely

polluted. This may be due to various identified and unidentified anthropogenic sources of

pollution at these sites. Statistical Analysis help us to confirm the same.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Author is thankful to Department of Microbiology, Smt. Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani

College, Ulhasnagar-3, Thane district for providing necessary facility to carry out the

research work.

Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the

publication of this paper.

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Ed. Washington D.C; USA.

2. Behera, B.C. and Mishra, R.R., (2014), Physico chemical properties of Water sample

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