European European Exploration Exploration

of the Americasof the Americas

European European Exploration Exploration

of the Americasof the Americas

MotivesMotives•Each European Each European

nation that nation that explored the explored the Americas had a Americas had a different motive different motive for exploringfor exploring

•Each motive Each motive created different created different reactions from the reactions from the Native AmericansNative Americans

Spanish MotivesSpanish Motives

The Spanish came for the three The Spanish came for the three ““GsGs””

1.1.GOD-GOD- Convert the Natives to Convert the Natives to ChristianityChristianity

2.2.GOLD-GOLD- Spain was competing to be Spain was competing to be the strongest and richest empire in the strongest and richest empire in the worldthe world

3.3.GLORY-GLORY- Spanish conquistadors Spanish conquistadors (conquerors) were famous heroes(conquerors) were famous heroes

* The Spanish were very cruel in * The Spanish were very cruel in achieving its goalsachieving its goals

French MotivesFrench Motives• The French came to America for The French came to America for

the the fur tradefur trade• France was the France was the fashion fashion capital of capital of

the worldthe world• The French were not interested in The French were not interested in

riches or land, they just wanted to riches or land, they just wanted to be be business partnersbusiness partners with the with the Native AmericasNative Americas

• Many Indians became Many Indians became alliesallies with with the Frenchthe French

English MotivesEnglish Motives• The English wanted The English wanted LANDLAND• In England, only the rich and In England, only the rich and

noble owned landnoble owned land• Land ownershipLand ownership was not was not

understood by the Nativesunderstood by the Natives• This caused the This caused the GREATEST GREATEST

CONFLICTCONFLICT between Natives and between Natives and Europeans.Europeans.

Spanish Spanish Exploration Exploration

of the Americasof the Americas

Christopher Christopher ColumbusColumbus

• In 1492, Christopher Columbus In 1492, Christopher Columbus was financially sponsored by was financially sponsored by Spain to sail west from EuropeSpain to sail west from Europe

• Although Columbus was from Although Columbus was from Italy, he sailed for SpainItaly, he sailed for Spain

• Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand sponsored Columbussponsored Columbus’’ voyages voyages

• Columbus was hoping to find a Columbus was hoping to find a westward shortcut to China for westward shortcut to China for tradetrade

• Instead, he actually landed in a Instead, he actually landed in a new land, without ever knowing itnew land, without ever knowing it

• Columbus actually explored Columbus actually explored the Caribbean Islands, the Caribbean Islands, including the Bahamas, including the Bahamas, ““HispaniolaHispaniola”” (today (today’’s Haiti & s Haiti & Dominican Republic) & Dominican Republic) & VenezuelaVenezuela• Today, some Today, some

still call the still call the Caribbean the Caribbean the ““West IndiesWest Indies”” because because Columbus Columbus though he was though he was in Indiain India

• He called the people that he met He called the people that he met ““IndiosIndios”” or Indians or Indians

French French Exploration Exploration

of the Americasof the Americas

French Exploration French Exploration of the Americasof the Americas

•The French explored The French explored areas rich in areas rich in animal peltsanimal pelts since they were here to since they were here to further their further their fur tradefur trade

•They settled in present They settled in present day day LouisianaLouisiana, the , the Great Great LakesLakes, and , and CanadaCanada

European Settlement & Indian Tribes, 1750

The Seven Years The Seven Years WarWar

•In 1754, the British and In 1754, the British and the French began the the French began the Seven Years WarSeven Years War to to determine who would rule determine who would rule in North Americain North America

•The The French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War was part of this longer warwas part of this longer war

The French and The French and Indian WarIndian War

•The French formed The French formed military military alliancesalliances with many Native with many Native American tribes, due to their American tribes, due to their friendly trade relationsfriendly trade relations

•They utilized They utilized guerilla-type guerilla-type warfarewarfare

•The British won all land east The British won all land east of the Mississippi Riverof the Mississippi River

Effects of the WarEffects of the War•The French loss was also The French loss was also

considered a Native American lossconsidered a Native American loss•Many tribes were punished for Many tribes were punished for

siding with the Frenchsiding with the French•Ottawa chief, Pontiac, was given Ottawa chief, Pontiac, was given

small pox infected blankets by the small pox infected blankets by the British for having captured eight British for having captured eight British forts during the warBritish forts during the war

English English Exploration Exploration

of the Americasof the Americas

An English An English Colony in Colony in AmericaAmerica• In 1585, In 1585, Queen Queen

ElizabethElizabeth of England of England commissioned commissioned Sir Sir Walter RaleighWalter Raleigh to to establish a colony in establish a colony in AmericaAmerica

• One expedition came One expedition came to America to explore to America to explore the region, but the region, but limited supplies limited supplies forced them to return forced them to return to Englandto England

Sir Walter Sir Walter RaleighRaleigh

John WhiteJohn White• John White had John White had

been with the first been with the first attempted colony attempted colony and was an and was an artistartist who drew many who drew many pictures of the pictures of the Natives he Natives he encounteredencountered

The arriual of the The arriual of the Englishmen in VirginiaEnglishmen in Virginia

A weroan or great A weroan or great Lorde of VirginiaLorde of Virginia

On of the chieff Ladyes of On of the chieff Ladyes of Secota.Secota.

On of the Religeous men On of the Religeous men in the towne of Secota.in the towne of Secota.

A younge gentill woeman A younge gentill woeman doughter of Secota.doughter of Secota.

A cheiff Lorde of A cheiff Lorde of Roanoac.Roanoac.

A chieff Ladye of A chieff Ladye of Pomeiooc.Pomeiooc.

An ageed manne in his An ageed manne in his Winter garment.Winter garment.

Their manner of careynge the Their manner of careynge the Childern and a tyere of the cheiffe Childern and a tyere of the cheiffe

Ladyes of the towne of Ladyes of the towne of Dasamonquepeuc.Dasamonquepeuc.

The Coniuerer.The Coniuerer.

The manner of makinge The manner of makinge their boates.their boates.

Their Their manner manner

of of fishynge fishynge

in in Virginia.Virginia.

The brovvyllinge of their The brovvyllinge of their fishe ouer the flame.fishe ouer the flame.

Their seetheynge of their Their seetheynge of their meate in earthen pottes.meate in earthen pottes.

Their sitting at meate.Their sitting at meate.

Their Their manner manner

of of prainge prainge

vvith vvith Rattels Rattels

abowt te abowt te fyer.fyer.

Theirdanses vvhich they Theirdanses vvhich they vse att their hyghe vse att their hyghe

feastes.feastes.

Ther Idol Kivvasa. Ther Idol Kivvasa.

The The Tovvne Tovvne

of of PomeiooPomeioo

c.c.

The The Tovvne Tovvne

of of Secota.Secota.

The The Tombe Tombe of their of their WerovvaWerovva

ns or ns or Cheiff Cheiff

Lordes.Lordes.

The Marckes of sundrye of The Marckes of sundrye of the Cheif mene of Virginia.the Cheif mene of Virginia.

John WhiteJohn White’’s s ColonistsColonists• The colonists included The colonists included womenwomen and and

children children (including White(including White’’s s pregnant daughter who gave birth pregnant daughter who gave birth to the first English child born in to the first English child born in America, America, Virginia DareVirginia Dare))

• The The colonists colonists settled at settled at Roanoke Roanoke IslandIsland off off the coast the coast of NCof NC

• Because the Because the colonists arrived in colonists arrived in mid-summer, it was mid-summer, it was too late to plant too late to plant crops and they did crops and they did not have enough not have enough foodfood

• John White returned John White returned to England for to England for supplies & was to go supplies & was to go back to Roanoke back to Roanoke immediatelyimmediately

•Before he left, the Before he left, the colonists agreed colonists agreed that if the settlers that if the settlers moved, they would moved, they would leave markings leave markings indicating where indicating where they had movedthey had moved

•If they were in If they were in danger, they would danger, they would leave a cross in a leave a cross in a place easily seenplace easily seen

• When White When White arrived in arrived in England, they England, they were at war with were at war with Spain and he was Spain and he was unable to return unable to return to Roanoke for to Roanoke for three yearsthree years

• When he When he returned, no one returned, no one was therewas there

• They left no They left no personal personal possessionspossessions

• The group became known The group became known

as as ““The Lost ColonyThe Lost Colony””

•The letters The letters ““CROCRO”” were were carved on a carved on a treetree

•The word The word ““CROATOANCROATOAN”” was carved was carved on a gateposton a gatepost

•There was no There was no cross foundcross found

•Some say the colonists may Some say the colonists may have been adopted by a local have been adopted by a local Algonquian tribe, the Algonquian tribe, the Hatteras Hatteras

•There is a theory that their There is a theory that their descendents are todaydescendents are today’’s s Lumbee Lumbee (some of the Lost (some of the Lost ColonyColony’’s surnames included: s surnames included: Berrye, Brooke, Dare, Harris, Berrye, Brooke, Dare, Harris, Sampson, Scot, and Sutton)Sampson, Scot, and Sutton)

John LawsonJohn Lawson• John LawsonJohn Lawson was commissioned to was commissioned to

explore the interior of North Carolina explore the interior of North Carolina in 1700in 1700

• He documented what he found in a He documented what he found in a book called book called A New Voyage to CarolinaA New Voyage to Carolina

• He was very He was very sympatheticsympathetic and and affectionate affectionate toward the Indians, but toward the Indians, but felt that whites were felt that whites were superiorsuperior and that and that the Indians should become the Indians should become ChristiansChristians

• In 1711, he was captured by the In 1711, he was captured by the TuscaroraTuscarora and executed by being and executed by being burnedburned