european experience to reduce nox emissions eca/02w2... · european experience to reduce nox...

European experience to reduce NOx emissions

Lasse Karlsen, Technical Director, Norwegian Maritime Authority

ECA in Hong Kong and the Pearl River delta 2015.06.26

1

Regulatory regime on emissions

• MARPOL Annex VI

– NOx emissions from marine diesel engines (Reg.13)

– Sulphur content in fuel oil (Reg. 14)

– Energy efficiency (Reg.20, 21, 22)

• EU directive as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels

– Maximum sulphur content of marine fuels used by ships at berth in Union ports

– Passenger ships operating on regular services to or from any Union port

• EU Implementing decision on control of marine fuels


2

MARPOL Annex VI – NOx

• Tier I, 1. januar 2000

• Tier II, 1. januar 2011

• Tier III, 1. januar 2016*

– Only in ECA for ‘new ships’

– New NOx-ECAs:

• North Sea area?

• Baltic Sea area?

*Only the North American ECA which currently have NOx included along with SOx


3

Inclusion of NOx in the North Sea ECA?

• North Sea States have been working towards a future application to the IMO for the North Sea to become a NOx Emission control Area (NECA)

– An assessment of the environmental impacts and health benefits for a NECA have been conducted

– An economic Impact Assessment of a NECA have been conducted

– A series of stakeholder meetings have been held

• Further discussions on a draft proposal to the IMO and a decision on when it should be submitted is needed

– Need to consider if a North Sea NECA should be proposed before the Baltic Sea States submits a proposal

30.06.2015

MARPOL Annex VI – SOx and PM

• General requirements

– The sulphur content of any fuel oil shall not exceed

• 3,50%

• 0,50% (1 January 2020)

• Requirements within Emission Control Areas

– The sulphur content of any fuel oil shall not exceed

• 0,10% on and after 1.January 2015

ECA in Hong Kong and the Pearl River delta

2015.06.26

Council Directive 1999/32/EC, amended 2011

• Marine fuels used in EU/EØS-areas shall conform with MARPOL Annex VI

• In ECA-areas the limit on sulphur is 1,50 % to 1.01.2015, and after 1.01.2015 the sulphur limit is 0,10 %

• For sale of Marine Gas Oil (MGO),also outside ECA, in EU the sulphur limit is 0,1 %

• For ships at berth in EU Member States, also outside ECA, the sulphur limit is 0,1 %

• For passenger ships calling port in EU/EØS area outside ECA’s the sulphur limit is 1,50 %, and from 2020: 0,1%


6

EU Commission implementing decision

• Directive 2015/253 – Frequency of sampling of marine fuels

being used on board ships (Due 1.January 2016)

• Inspections of ships' log books and bunker delivery notes on10 % of individual ships calls (3-year average)

• Sampling and analyses of the 10%

– Fully bordering ECA: ≥40%

– Partly bordering ECA: ≥30%

– Not bordering ECA: ≥20%, increasing to ≥30% in 2020

– Sampling can be reduced with up to 50%

• Subtracting ships verified by remote sensing

• If 40% document control of individual ships calling


7

http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil&ei=i78jVYjfMomosgHwxoHoBg&bvm=bv.89947451,d.bGg&psig=AFQjCNHnalTbkreDE0s4NDOHHg7rLvQu4Q&ust=1428492552315373

EU Commission implementing decision

• Directive 2015/253

– Sampling of marine fuels while being

delivered to ships

• If a marine fuel supplier deliver fuel

not complying with the delivery

note 3 times in a year, on basis of

EU reporting, the Member State

shall carry out sampling of the fuel

while being delivered

• Sanctions ship and supplier

– Detentions

– Penalty up to 6 mill EUR


2015.06.26 8

http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil&ei=i78jVYjfMomosgHwxoHoBg&bvm=bv.89947451,d.bGg&psig=AFQjCNHnalTbkreDE0s4NDOHHg7rLvQu4Q&ust=1428492552315373

THETIS-S The recording and exchange system

• EMSA’s THETIS-S has been in test operation since 1st January 2015

– 2566 inspections logged pr 1st June 2015

– 10% of inspections resulted in sampling

– 5% of the ships inspected were found non-compliant

At start: Only information on ships

In future: Information on bunker suppliers


9

European practise – Denmark

30.06.2015

Sniffers on the Storebaelt Bridge Drones with sniffers

Small Scale LNG in Norway 2015.05.28 Bergen

10

30.06.2015

German comparison of Nox and Sox one week in Desember 2014 and in January 2015 at Wedel sniffer – Clear reduction of SOx.

Small Scale LNG in Norway 2015.05.28 Bergen

11

Lisa Kattner BSH


12

Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

Goal: 60% reduction of greenhouse gas emission from transport by 2050. Focus on:

Electricity

Hydrogen

Biofuels (syntetic petrol,

diesel, methanol or methane)

Natural gas (LNG/CNG)

Petroleum gas (LPG)


13

National policy frameworks in EU

• To be developed by all EU Member states and notified to the

Commission by 18. November 2016

– Based on this the Commission shall publish:

• Public El recharging points

• LNG bunker points for seagoing and inland vessels

• LNG refuelling points for motor vehicles

• CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles

– Where applicable also publish:

• Public hydrogen refuelling points

• Shore-side EL power for seagoing and inland vessels

• El-power for stationary airplanes


14

EU Inland waterways

• “LNG Masterplan for Rhine-Main-Danube” project, due by December

2015, are expected to have a significant impact on LNG’s introduction

• Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine have authorized

use of LNG as fuel for inland vessels

30.06.2015 Small Scale LNG in Norway 2015.05.28

Bergen 15

proDanube

LNG Masterplan: Geographical scope

proDanube

Green Shipping: Many options

• Fuel switching (SOx)

• Fuel oil/MGO engines w/scrubbers/SCR/EGR

• Methanol (EGR?)

• LNG/gas engines single/dual fuel

• LNG/gas generators and electrical propulsion

• Electrical propulsion – battery only

• Diesel or LNG/gas battery hybrids

• LNG/gas electrical propulsion with fuel cells and battery

• Hydrogen


2015.06.26 17

Development in Norway – focus on gas/LNG

• Experience from large scale shipping

• Development of gas-fuelled engines

• Availability of gas/LNG

• Political decisions

• Environmental requirements


18

Political decisions in Norway

– In 1996 the Norwegian Parliament decided to:

• develop technology for ferries utilising natural gas as energy

for propulsion

2015.04.27 Green Shipping Hong Kong LK 19

First ferry Glutra Year 2000

Driving forces in Norway

• Environmental effects are the main incentives, implemented by:

– Emission reduction requirements

– Emission tax on NOx ~ NOK 19.1 pr. kg, or;

– Alternatively: Owners can join the private NOx fund and only pay

NOK 4.00 pr. kg and be able to re-allocate funds when investing

in low NOx emission technology.

– Charterer agreements – NOx reduction trading (supply ships)

30.06.2015 Small Scale LNG in Norway 2015.05.28

Bergen 20

LNG – a fuel for the future

Three important drivers

• Clean fuel

– Can meet the IMO tier III requirements for emissions without SCR/EGR

• Economical

– LNG has the potential to be economically competitive compared to heavy

fuel oil (HFO)

• Quantity

– The predicted amount of natural gas is huge (May last for several

hundred years)


2015.06.26 21

Norway – Leading on use of LNG in shipping

• Research on modern gas engines

since 1980 for IGC tankers and

power generation


22

64 ship, 53 LNG-fuelled ships have

Norwegian owners

Year Name Type DWT

2011 Tresfjord 1991 Ferry 200

2012 Viking Prince PSV 5380

2012 Viking Princess PSV 5380

2012 Olympic Energy PSV 5066

2012 Høydal Bulker 2692

2012 Norman Arctic PSV 5265

2012 Island Crusader PSV 4750

2012 Island Contender PSV 4750

2012 Landegode Ferry 2455

2012 Værøy Ferry 2455

2012 Barøy Ferry 2455

2013 Lødingen Ferry 2455

2013 Rem Leader PSV 5335

2013 Eidsvaag Pioner Cargo 2145

2013 Ryfylke Ferry 3999

2014 Borgøy TUG 675

2014 Bokn TUG 675

2014 With Harvest Bulker 3250

2014 With Marine Cargo 3250

2014 Hardanger Bulker 3999

2014 Rem Eir PSV 5900

2015 Stril Barents PSV 5938

Year Name Type DWT

2000 Glutra Ferry 659

2003 Stril Pioner PSV 6013

2003 Viking Energy PSV 6013

2006 Bergensfjord Ferry 1025

2007 Fanafjord Ferry 1025

2007 Mastrafjord Ferry 1025

2007 Raunefjord Ferry 1025

2007 Stavangerfjord Ferry 1025

2008 Viking Queen PSV 6200

2009 Viking Lady PSV 6200

2009 Tidedronningen Ferry 150

2009 Tidekongen Ferry 150

2009 Tideprins Ferry 150

2009 Barentshav Coastguard 2100

2009 Moldefjord Ferry 857

2010 KV Bergen Coastguard 2100

2010 Fannefjord Ferry 857

2010 Romsdalsfjord Ferry 857

2010 Korsfjord Ferry 857

2010 Selbjornsfjord Ferry 900

2010 Sortland Cargo 2100

2011 Scandi Gamma PSV 5000

2011 Boknafjord Ferry 1300


23

Operational experience - dual fuelled PSV

Viking Energy – Eidesvik

• Viking Energy: 13 years of

operation without off-hire

caused by the gas system

• Gas mode in 97% of total

energy production time

• ~18% reduction in operational

and maintenance costs


24

Experience on emission

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

MDO - 1% S LNG

g /

kWh

Particles

•

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

MDO - 1% S LNG

g /

kWh

CO2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

MDO - 1% S LNG

g /

kWh

NOx

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

MDO - 1% S LNG

g /k

Wh

SOx


25

International regulations – the IGF Code

• 2004 Proposal from Norway to develop Gas Code

• 2009 Interim Guidelines adopted in June 2009 Resolution MSC.285(86)

• 2009 The development of the IGF Code started

• Approval in principle at MSC 94 November 2014

• Adopted at MSC 95 11th June 2015

• Entry into force on 1 January 2017

IMO


26

HTW - Training for gas-fuelled ship crew

Human Element, Training and

Watchkeeping developed Feb 2014

• Training requirements for

officers and crew on board

ships using gases or other low

flashpoint fuels

• Adopted at MSC 95


27

MF Ampere: First battery-driven ferry in Norway


28

ECO-efficient ferry, 120 vehicle units. Propulsion ~1500 kW

ZeroCat™

2.69kg CO2/litre diesel 0.075 kg CO2 /kWh electricity

Norwegian low weight technology by Fjellstrand

- 50%

Norwegian high efficient propellers by Rolls Royce

Norwegian low drag hull technology by Marintek

- 95%

Tons of CO2/year

Energy consumption in kWh / trip

ECO-efficient ferry by Fjellstrand shipyard


29

Diesel (SCR) hybrid with battery power support


30

Edda Ferd

• Optimizing fuel consumption by damping transient loads

• Instant standby

power available • Enable utilization

of shore power facilities at berth

Østensjø

To the future: Green Shipping

Some Green fuelled ships flying Norwegian flag!

Thank you for your attention!


31

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