Esci

Escola Secundária da

Póvoa de Lanhoso

Escola Secundária da

Póvoa de Lanhoso

Ethnic Minorities in

Portugal

Trabalho realizado por:

Filipa Ribeiro nº 9

Luís Matos nº 16

Rui Oliveira nº20

Sara Aller nº22

Raquel Leite nº26

Ano Lectivo: 2010/2011

12º C

Ethnic minorities in Portugal

Location

Portugal, officially Portuguese Republic, is a country located in southwestern Europe, where

it is located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula and island in the North Atlantic. The

Portuguese territory is delimited to the north and east by Spain and the south and west by the

Atlantic Ocean, and includes the mainland and the autonomous regions: the Açores and

Madeira.

Short story

Portugal was already populated by people like Galaico, Lusitanian, Celtic and

kinetically visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians. The Romans incorporated it in his empire,

invaded by the Swabians and Visigoths among others, was later conquered by the Moors.

Later, D. Afonso Henriques rises to power and conquest from the Moors and many localities

also winning independence from Portugal.

On 5 October 1910 gives the Republic Day. Between the decades of 1940-60,

Portugal was co-founding member of NATO, OECD and EFTA, leaving the latter in 1986 to join

the European Union. In 1999, Portugal joined the Euro Zone, and later that year, gave the

sovereignty of Macau to the People's Republic of China. Being a Parliamentary Republic,

currently the President of the Republic Aníbal Cavaco Silva and Prime Minister José Socrates.

The Administrative divisions

Portugal is divided into eight administrative regions, namely: Alentejo, Algarve,

Beira Interior, Beira Litoral, Entre Douro e Minho; Estremadura and Ribatejo, Lisboa and

Setúbal; Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro. Being the capital Lisboa, with the highest number of

habitants.

Cultural Costumes

Portuguese architecture is based on a past that dates back to prehistoric times

of the invasions of the Romans and Moors. They all left their mark, leaving a rich legacy of

archaeological ruins such as the Temple of Diana in Évora and the typical Moorish architecture

of southern cities, like Olhão and Tavira.

In Portuguese literature and poetry is prominent, being among the greatest

Portuguese poets of all time Luís de Camões (Lusíadas) and Fernando Pessoa (Mensagem). In

prose, Padre Antonio Vieira (Sermão de Santo António aos peixes), Almeida Garrett (Frei Luís

de Sousa), Eça de Queirós (Maias), Camilo Castelo Branco (Amor de Perdição), Miguel Torga (O

quinto Dia da criação do Mundo), and José Saramago (Memorial do Convento) are names of

great relief. In the theater has great merit Gil Vicente.

The traditional Portuguese music is varied and very rich. Folk dances are part of

the turns, the Minho, the Pauliteiros Miranda, Mirandese area of the Algarve or Corridinho

Bailinho, Madeira. Typical instruments are the small guitar, the harmonica in a pipe, accordion,

violin, drums, guitar Portuguese (typical instrument of fado). The most popular style of music is

Portuguese Fado, whose most famous interpreter was Amalia Rodrigues.

The cuisine is very rich in variety. Each area of the country has its traditional

dishes. Among the highlights cheese from Serra da Estrela, Azeitão and São Jorge, among many

others. Among the dishes are cooked to highlight the Portuguese, the Bacalhau á Brás, à

Gomes de Sá or pastéis, espetadas da Madeira, cozido vulcânico dos Açores (São Miguel),

leitão assado à moda da Bairrada the rojões de Aveiro and Minho, chanfana da Beira, carne de

porco à alentejana, peixes grelhados (em todo o país), as tripas (da região do Porto), as

pataniscas (da região de Lisboa) ou o gaspacho (do Alentejo e Algarve).

Football is the most widely practiced sport in Portugal. The sports where the

country stands out in the international arena, besides football, sailing, horse riding, judo,

cycling, fencing, hockey skates, athletics and shooting.

In terms of religion the majority of the Portuguese populationa (84.6% of the

total population - according to official results of census 2001) consider themselves Catholic.

Furthermore there are also Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Gnostics and Spiritualists.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Often ethnic minorities appear through exclusions. Deletions are social

problems or difficulties that lead to isolation and even discrimination against a particular

group. These groups are excluded or who suffer from social exclusion, thus need a strategy so

that they can integrate and be accepted by the society around them. Poverty may, for example,

lead to a situation of social exclusion, however, is not mandatory that these two concepts are

closely linked. Thus, factors / states such as poverty, unemployment or precarious employment,

ethnic minorities and / or cultural, the physically and mentally disabled, homeless, informal

workers and the elderly may lead to socially excluded groups but is not essential they are.

There are several types of exclusion:

* The exclusion of an economic nature;

* Social;

* Cultural;

* Pathology;

* Self-destructive Behaviors

Ethnic-cultural minorities?

Europe due to immigration has been facing constant derived from many

different places, has become a multicultural continent. On the one hand, multiculturalism is a

positive development as it enriches both cultures, this becomes a major factor of exclusion for

ethnic minorities.

Most cultural and ethnic diversity of a country tends to exclude minorities from

dwelling places, thus creating ghettoes where minorities are concentrated excluded. These

ghettos tend to aggravate existing social problems. In Portugal, the exclusion directed at

immigrants, not limited only to cultural issues but also the grounds of race, especially against

immigrants PALOP (African Countries of Portuguese Official Language).

The Rights of Ethnic and Racial Minorities

One of the cornerstones of human rights is the principle that all human

beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Race is defined as "a group of people

of common ancestry, distinguished from others by physical characteristics such as hair type,

eye color and skin, stature, etc" (Collins English Dictionary). Ethnicity is defined as "relating to

or characteristic of a human group that has certain traits racial, religious, linguistic, among

others, in common " (Collins English Dictionary).

The rights of ethnic and racial minorities are protected by international human

rights as follows:

* The right to be protected from racial discrimination, hatred and violence.

* Right to equal protection of the laws on the issue of racial and ethnic origin.

* The right of ethnic and racial groups to enjoy their own culture, practice their own

religion and use their own language.

* Right to benefit from affirmative action taken by the State to promote racial harmony

and the rights of racial minorities.

* Right to seek asylum by well-founded reasons for fear of persecution based on race,

religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.

* Right to assistance.

‘’ I have a dream. The dream of seeing my children judged by their personality, not by the color

of their skin. ‘’

Martin Luther King