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ERPG ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration

below which it is believed that nearly all individuals

could be exposed for up to 1 hour without

experiencing other than mild transient health

effects or perceiving a clearly defined,

objectionable odor.

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ERPG ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne

concentration below which it is believedthat nearly all individuals could be exposedfor up to 1 hour without experiencing ordeveloping life-threatening health effects.

ERPG-2 is the maximum airborneconcentration below which it is believedthat nearly all individuals could be exposedfor up to 1 hour without experiencing ordeveloping irreversible or other serioushealth effects or symptoms which couldimpair an individual's ability to takeprotective action.

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EPA

Born in the wake of elevated concern aboutenvironmental pollution, EPA was established onDecember 2, 1970 to consolidate in one agency avariety of federal research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement activities to ensureenvironmental protection. Since its inception,EPA has been working for a cleaner, healthierenvironment for the American people.

Environmental Protection Agency

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Mandated by section 5 of the 1976 Toxic Substances

Control Act (TSCA), EPA's New Chemicals Program

helps manage the potential risk to human health and

the environment from chemicals new to the

marketplace.

The program functions as a "gatekeeper" that can

identify conditions, up to and including a ban on

production, to be placed on the use of a new chemical

before it is entered into commerce

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New Chemical Exposure Limits(NCELs)

(NCELs)جدید حدود مواجهه مواد شیمیایی

New Chemical Exposure Limits (NCELs)

Under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), any

person who intends to manufacture (including import) a new chemical

substance in the United States for commercial purposes must submit a

pre-manufacture notice (PMN) to the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) at least 90 days prior to manufacture (including import).

EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) performs a

risk assessment and makes a risk management decision. If EPA

determines, among other things, that the PMN substance may present

an unreasonable of injury to human health via inhalation exposure,

EPA is likely to issue a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order.

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In addition to the actual NCEL concentration, thecomprehensive NCELs provisions, which aremodeled after Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) Permissible ExposureLimits (PELs), include requirements addressingperformance criteria for sampling and analyticalmethods, periodic monitoring, respiratoryprotection, and recordkeeping.

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/pubs/nceltbl.htm

Non-Confidential List of NCELs (end of 2011)

New Chemical Exposure Limits (NCELs)

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)

AEGLs are intended to describe the risk to humansresulting from once-in-a-lifetime, or rare, exposure toairborne chemicals.

AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits for the generalpublic and are applicable to emergency exposure periodsranging from 10 minutes to 8 hours. AEGL-2 and AEGL-3, and AEGL-1 values as appropriate, will be developedfor each of five exposure periods (10 and 30 minutes, 1hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours) and will be distinguished byvarying degrees of severity of toxic effects.

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/

(AEGLs)سطوح راهنما تماس حاد

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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration, expressed as parts per million or milligrams

per cubic meter (ppm or mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted thatthe general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notablediscomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic nonsensory effects. However, theeffects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation ofexposure.

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of asubstance above which it is predicted that the general population, includingsusceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lastingadverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of asubstance above which it is predicted that the general population, includingsusceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/

pdf.2v_2010octaegls_compiled_pubs/aegl/oppt/gov/epa.www.http://

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Temporary Emergency ExposureLimits (TEELs)

TEELs are guidelines designed topredict the response of members ofthe general public to differentconcentrations of a chemical duringan emergency response incident.

TEELs estimate the concentrations atwhich most people will begin toexperience health effects if they areexposed to a hazardous airbornechemical for a given duration. TEELsare used in similar situations as the60-minute AEGLs and ERPGs.

TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure LimitsThe Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA)

TEEL-0 is the threshold concentration below which most people will experience noadverse health effects.

TEEL-1 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] ormg/m3 [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted thatthe general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notablediscomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, theseeffects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.

TEEL-2 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of a substanceabove which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptibleindividuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse healtheffects or an impaired ability to escape.

TEEL-3 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of a substanceabove which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptibleindividuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

https://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/

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Protective Action Criteria forChemicals (PACs)

The PACs dataset is a hierarchy-based system ofthe three common public exposure guidelinesystems: AEGLs, ERPGs, and TEELs. Aparticular hazardous substance may have valuesin any—or all—of these systems.

This hierarchy of values (60-minute AEGLs >ERPGs >TEELs) is implemented in the PACsdataset, which is provided by the TEELdevelopers.

Protective Action Criteria (PACs) PAC values for emergency planning for chemical release

events are based on the following exposure limit values: Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) values published

by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values

produced by the American Industrial Hygiene Association(AIHA)

Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit (TEEL) valuesdeveloped by Consequence Assessment and ProtectiveActions (SCAPA) provides the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) / National

Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

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Note

AEGLs and TEELs pertain to the “generalpopulation, including susceptible individuals,” butERPGs pertain to “nearly all individuals.”

ERPGs refer to exposure durations of 1 hour(with shorter periods for some chemicals).AEGLs are developed for five time periods (i.e.,10-minutes, 30-minutes, 1-hour, 4-hours, and 8-hours); the PAC database includes the AEGL 1-hour value.

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For any particular chemical, DOE policy for itsfacilities and activities established the followinghierarchy of PAC values:

Use AEGLs (including final or interim values) ifthey are available.

If AEGLs are not available, use ERPGs. If neither AEGLs or ERPGs are available, use

TEELs.17

18PAC Selection Process

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Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH)Materials

A TIH (PIH in the US) material is a gas or volatileliquid which is known to be so toxic to humans asto pose a hazard to health during transportation, orin the absence of adequate data on human toxicity,is presumed to be toxic to humans because whentested on laboratory animals it has a LethalConcentration 50 (LC50) value of not more than5000 ppm.

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Hazard zones (Inhalation Hazard Zones)

HAZARD ZONE A:Gases: LC50 of less than orequal to 200 ppm, Liquids: V equal to or greater than500 LC50 and LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm,

HAZARD ZONE B:Gases: LC50 greater than 200ppm and less than or equal to 1000 ppm, Liquids: Vequal to or greater than 10 LC50; LC50 less than orequal to 1000 ppm and criteria for Hazard Zone Aare not met.

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V is the saturated vapor concentration in air of the material in mL/m^3 at 20°C andstandard atmospheric pressure.

Hazard zones (Inhalation Hazard Zones)

HAZARD ZONE C:LC50 greater than 1000 ppm

and less than or equal to 3000 ppm, V equal to or

greater than LC50.

HAZARD ZONE D:

LC50 greater than 3000 ppm and less than or equal

to 5000 ppm. V equal to or greater than

0.2 LC50. 22

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Packing Group

The Packing Group (PG) is assigned based on

the degree of danger presented by the hazardous

material:

PG I : Great danger PG II : Medium danger PG III : Minor danger

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Major Types of Respirators in a final rule on Assigned Protection Factors (APFs),

OSHA revised its existing Respiratory Protectionstandard to add definitions and requirements for APFsand Maximum Use Concentrations (MUCs).

Maximum Use Concentration (MUC) means themaximum atmospheric concentration of a hazardoussubstance from which an employee can be expected tobe protected when wearing a respirator, and isdetermined by the assigned protection factor of therespirator or class of respirators and the exposure limitof the hazardous substance.

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Major Types of Respirators

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Air-purifying respirators, which remove contaminants from the air.

N for Not resistant to oil,R for Resistant to oilP for oil Proof

Benzeneتانکری حاوی Chlorideاست

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Major Types of Respirators

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Atmosphere-supplying respirators, which provide clean air from an uncontaminated source.

Major Types of Respirators

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Atmosphere-supplying respirators, which provide clean air from an uncontaminated source.

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WISERنکاتی پیرامون نرم افزار

The Wireless Information SystemFor Emergency Responders

WISER is a system designed to assist emergencyresponders in hazardous material incidents. WISERprovides a wide range of information on hazardoussubstances, including substance identification support,physical characteristics, human health information, andcontainment and suppression advice.

WISER now provides general tools and referencematerials, including a comprehensive, fully searchable,electronic version of the ERG 2016.

http://wiser.nlm.nih.gov/

NLM's Hazardous SubstancesData Bank (HSDB)

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Features Rapid access to the most important information about a hazardous substance

Intuitive, simple, logical user interface developed by working with experienced first

responders

Comprehensive decision support, including assistance in identification of an

unknown chemical or chemical syndrome and guidance on the immediate actions

necessary to save lives and protect the environment

GIS support provides for isolation/protective distance overlays on a map of the

incident

Access to NLM's Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) and Chemical

Hazards Medical Management (CHEMM) content, which contains a wealth of

detailed, peer-reviewed information on hazardous substances

The National Library of Medicine(NLM)

آمریکا کتابخانه ملی پزشکیNLMنیـا بزرگترین کتابخانه پزشکی د.است

سرویس اطالعات تخصصی بخشی از ایت کتابخانه استThe Specialized Information Services (SIS)

این بخش مسئول پوشش اطالعات بهداشتی در چندین حوزه استاز جمله مـواردي مربـوط بـه بهداشـت محـیط سـم شناسـی اسـت و راهنماهاي بهداشتی در خصوص اطالعات مربـوط بـه سـالمتی و سـم

مـاده 4700شناسی و پزشکی ، بانک اطالعات مواد خطرناك با بیش از ت سمی و روش برخورد با آن در شرایط اضطراري و اثر بر محـیط زیسـ

در این قسمت نگهداري می شود

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Types of emergencies

Public Incident Terrorist Incident Transportation Accident Industrial Incident Discovering an Event

Causes of Public IncidentsThere are many ways in which a chemical emergencymay occur. The release itself may be caused by: a leak or spill from a container, a chemical fire a natural disaster, such as the release of gases from

volcanoes a transportation accident an act of terrorism human error

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Types of Terrorist AttacksThe National Memorial Institute for the Prevention ofTerrorism identifies five categories of terrorist attack*: Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive Multiple categories of attack may be employed

simultaneously.

Transportation Accident Guidelines for Incident Command Hazard Identification: Labels and Placards Agent Identification General Guidelines for Responding to a Fire General Guidelines for Responding to a Spill or

Leak Reporting a Release

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Features User Profiles enable users to specify the role they are currently playing at the scene of

an incident:

First responder

HAZMAT specialist

EMS specialist

Hospital provider,

Preparedness planner.

The application interface is customized so that so that the information most relevant

to the respective job can be quickly accessed.

Tools and reference materials, including triage tools, radiological incident support,

WMD response guidelines, and an electronic version of the ERG 2016

تمرین کامیونی حاوي ترکیبAluminum Phosphide در حادثـه اي واژگـون

EPRGشده و مواد در محیط در یاچه پراکنده می شود بر اسـاس 2016

موارد ذیل را پاسخ دهید؟ ماده حاصله از واکنش آن بـا آب چیسـت و فواصـل ایمـن در یـک پخـش

وسیع در محیط آبی را بیان کنیدوسیله حفاظتی مناسب براي سیستم تنفسی چیست حــدودAEGL 3 ,TLV,REL,PEL ــاده را ــی م ــزان ســرطان زای و می

مشخص کنیدسواالت فوق را پاسخ دهید؟Butadiene-1,3اگر کامیون حاوي 40

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