Journey to Journey to SlaverySlavery

Journey to Journey to SlaverySlavery

http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-slavery#origins-of-slavery

Olaudah Olaudah EquianoEquianoOlaudah Olaudah EquianoEquiano

Quick FactsQuick Facts

-Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into slaveryslavery-Bought his own freedom in 1766Bought his own freedom in 1766-Autobiography published in 1789; Autobiography published in 1789; first hand account of the atrocities of first hand account of the atrocities of the slave trade. the slave trade.

Quick FactsQuick Facts

-Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into slaveryslavery-Bought his own freedom in 1766Bought his own freedom in 1766-Autobiography published in 1789; Autobiography published in 1789; first hand account of the atrocities of first hand account of the atrocities of the slave trade. the slave trade.

PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

Page from Equiano’s Page from Equiano’s Autobiography courtesy Autobiography courtesy

PBS. orgPBS. org

Page from Equiano’s Page from Equiano’s Autobiography courtesy Autobiography courtesy

PBS. orgPBS. org

A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Examples of primary sources include: •ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records •CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art •RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

Examples of primary sources include: •Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII •The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History •A journal article reporting NEW research or findings •Weavings and pottery - Native American history •Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece 

PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSPRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

Primary SourcesPrimary SourcesPrimary SourcesPrimary Sources

Equiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s Autobiography

Ankle shacklesAnkle shacklesare of the type used to are of the type used to

restrain enslaved people restrain enslaved people aboard ships in the aboard ships in the

Middle Passage.Middle Passage.

Ankle shacklesAnkle shacklesare of the type used to are of the type used to

restrain enslaved people restrain enslaved people aboard ships in the aboard ships in the

Middle Passage.Middle Passage.

SECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSSECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSSECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTSSECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.

Some types of secondary sources include: •PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias •Examples of secondary sources include: A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings •A history textbook •A book about the effects of WWI 

How reliable are autobiographies?

What can autobiographies tell you that other historical documents

cannot?

Equiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s AutobiographyEquiano’s Autobiography

The Middle PassageThe Middle PassageThe Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

““The Middle Passage must The Middle Passage must have been as near as have been as near as

anyone ever comes to hell anyone ever comes to hell on earth.”on earth.”

- Barry Unsworth, author- Barry Unsworth, author

““The Middle Passage must The Middle Passage must have been as near as have been as near as

anyone ever comes to hell anyone ever comes to hell on earth.”on earth.”

- Barry Unsworth, author- Barry Unsworth, author

DiscussDiscussDiscussDiscuss

1.1. Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?2.2. Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?3.3. What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A) What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A)

cruelty (B) survivalcruelty (B) survival4.4. To what can we liken the slave auction.To what can we liken the slave auction.5.5. Describe the conditions on the slave ships.Describe the conditions on the slave ships.6.6. What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main

goal, and their treatment of the captives?goal, and their treatment of the captives?7.7. What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions

of the excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?of the excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?

1.1. Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?2.2. Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?3.3. What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A) What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A)

cruelty (B) survivalcruelty (B) survival4.4. To what can we liken the slave auction.To what can we liken the slave auction.5.5. Describe the conditions on the slave ships.Describe the conditions on the slave ships.6.6. What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main

goal, and their treatment of the captives?goal, and their treatment of the captives?7.7. What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions

of the excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?of the excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?

Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes up residence in England. So we may well ask: up residence in England. So we may well ask:

What makes Equiano's Narrative a work of What makes Equiano's Narrative a work of American literature? American literature?

Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes up residence in England. So we may well ask: up residence in England. So we may well ask:

What makes Equiano's Narrative a work of What makes Equiano's Narrative a work of American literature? American literature?

Phillis WheatleyPhillis WheatleyPhillis WheatleyPhillis Wheatley

Quick FactsQuick Facts• the first African American, the first African American, the first slave, and the third the first slave, and the third woman in the United States woman in the United States to publish a book of poems.to publish a book of poems.• never trained as a never trained as a domestic; instead she was domestic; instead she was encouraged by the encouraged by the Wheatleys to study theology Wheatleys to study theology and the English, Latin and and the English, Latin and Greek classics.Greek classics.• wrote and published her wrote and published her first poem at age 13first poem at age 13

Quick FactsQuick Facts• the first African American, the first African American, the first slave, and the third the first slave, and the third woman in the United States woman in the United States to publish a book of poems.to publish a book of poems.• never trained as a never trained as a domestic; instead she was domestic; instead she was encouraged by the encouraged by the Wheatleys to study theology Wheatleys to study theology and the English, Latin and and the English, Latin and Greek classics.Greek classics.• wrote and published her wrote and published her first poem at age 13first poem at age 13

Poetic DevicesPoetic DevicesPoetic DevicesPoetic Devices

PersonificationPersonificationIronyIrony

AllusionAllusionIambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

ConnotationConnotationDenotationDenotation

PersonificationPersonificationIronyIrony

AllusionAllusionIambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

ConnotationConnotationDenotationDenotation

Check the back of your literature book Check the back of your literature book for the definition to the following for the definition to the following

terms:terms:

Check the back of your literature book Check the back of your literature book for the definition to the following for the definition to the following

terms:terms:

Poetic DevicesPoetic DevicesPoetic DevicesPoetic Devices

Personification: Personification: Personification: Personification:

Irony: Irony: SituationalSituationalDramaticDramaticVerbalVerbal

Irony: Irony: SituationalSituationalDramaticDramaticVerbalVerbal

Allusion: Allusion: Allusion: Allusion:

Connotation:Connotation:Connotation:Connotation:

Denotation:Denotation:Denotation:Denotation:

Iambic PentameterIambic PentameterIambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jU

Iambic PentameterIambic PentameterIambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

Iamb Iamb • Metrical foot (unit of measure) Metrical foot (unit of measure) consisting of 2 syllables; weak consisting of 2 syllables; weak strongstrong• e.g.: e.g.: reprievereprieve

Pent = fivePent = five

Five iambs per line = iambic Five iambs per line = iambic pentameterpentameter

Iamb Iamb • Metrical foot (unit of measure) Metrical foot (unit of measure) consisting of 2 syllables; weak consisting of 2 syllables; weak strongstrong• e.g.: e.g.: reprievereprieve

Pent = fivePent = five

Five iambs per line = iambic Five iambs per line = iambic pentameterpentameter

On Being Brought from Africa to On Being Brought from Africa to AmericaAmerica

On Being Brought from Africa to On Being Brought from Africa to AmericaAmerica

'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan 'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land, Taught my benighted soul to land, Taught my benighted soul to

understand understand That there's a God, that there's a Saviour That there's a God, that there's a Saviour

too: Once I redemption neither sought too: Once I redemption neither sought nor knew. Some view our sable race with nor knew. Some view our sable race with scornful eye, "Their colour is a diabolic scornful eye, "Their colour is a diabolic

die." die." Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, May be refin'd, and join th' angelic Cain, May be refin'd, and join th' angelic

train.train.

'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan 'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land, Taught my benighted soul to land, Taught my benighted soul to

understand understand That there's a God, that there's a Saviour That there's a God, that there's a Saviour

too: Once I redemption neither sought too: Once I redemption neither sought nor knew. Some view our sable race with nor knew. Some view our sable race with scornful eye, "Their colour is a diabolic scornful eye, "Their colour is a diabolic

die." die." Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, May be refin'd, and join th' angelic Cain, May be refin'd, and join th' angelic

train.train.TPCASTTTPCASTTTPCASTTTPCASTT

On Being Brought from Africa to On Being Brought from Africa to AmericaAmerica

On Being Brought from Africa to On Being Brought from Africa to AmericaAmerica

Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Brought from Africa to America" makes Brought from Africa to America" makes effective use of irony to drive home a effective use of irony to drive home a

point about the potential for point about the potential for "redemption." Detail how that irony "redemption." Detail how that irony

works, noting for instance the potential works, noting for instance the potential for ambiguous meaning in the word for ambiguous meaning in the word

"refined," in line 8."refined," in line 8.

Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Brought from Africa to America" makes Brought from Africa to America" makes effective use of irony to drive home a effective use of irony to drive home a

point about the potential for point about the potential for "redemption." Detail how that irony "redemption." Detail how that irony

works, noting for instance the potential works, noting for instance the potential for ambiguous meaning in the word for ambiguous meaning in the word

"refined," in line 8."refined," in line 8.

Sample of Tone/Attitude WordsSample of Tone/Attitude Words

Key ConceptsKey ConceptsKey ConceptsKey Concepts

- Primary vs. Secondary DocumentsPrimary vs. Secondary Documents- EquianoEquiano- WheatleyWheatley- Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices

- PersonificationPersonification- AllusionAllusion- Irony (3 Types)Irony (3 Types)- Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

- Connotation vs. DenotationConnotation vs. Denotation- TPCASTT – Poetry AnalysisTPCASTT – Poetry Analysis

- Primary vs. Secondary DocumentsPrimary vs. Secondary Documents- EquianoEquiano- WheatleyWheatley- Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices

- PersonificationPersonification- AllusionAllusion- Irony (3 Types)Irony (3 Types)- Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

- Connotation vs. DenotationConnotation vs. Denotation- TPCASTT – Poetry AnalysisTPCASTT – Poetry Analysis