Equal Employment Equal Employment OpportunityOpportunity

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action

What is Affirmative Action?

A set of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and

present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin through measures that improve all

economic and educational opportunities.

The Origin of Affirmative Action The actual phrase "affirmative action" was

first used in President Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246 which requires federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."

In 1967, Johnson expanded the Executive Order to include affirmative action requirements to benefit women.

Against A.A. For A.A.

Is uncalled for. Is reverse

discrimination. Violates the

principle of merit. Violates principles

of compensatory justice.

Is necessary. Is fair. Identifies the

talented disadvantaged and adds them to the labor pool.

Repairs historical injustice.

Socially divisive.

Economically inefficient.

Harmful to the intended beneficiaries.

Realizes a democratic society.

Increases professional services to disadvantaged populations.

Helps correct current institutionalized discrimination.

Alternatives to Affirmative Action Class-based

affirmative action.

Focus on the “truly disadvantaged”.

Self-help.

Informal promotion of integration, stressing intermarriage and cross-racial friendship.

BCU Hawaii University Business Ethics Presentation

Presented by:Maram Kabbara & Samah Harmouche

Presented to:Dr. M. Rawas

Wed. 22/12/2004