Environmental Science2nd Lecture

FEU Makati

Environmental Jurisprudence

“ Instruction from the Law Maker”Law is defined as an ordinance of reason

promulgated for the common good by Him who is charge. ( St. Augustine)

Environment is an intricate system of relationship which links plants, animals, air, water an other life forms.

Environmental law has evolved to protect our surroundings.

History of Environmental Law

In 1972 UN Stockholm Conference declares the following agreements among nations for the World Environment:

Dangerous Level of Pollution in Water and Air; Earth and Living Being

Undesirable Disturbance to the Ecological Balance of the Biosphere

Destruction and Depletion of the Irreplaceable Resources.

International Treaties

1. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil.

2. International Plant Convention of the Regulation of Whaling

3. International Plant Protection Convention4. Plant Protection Agreement for South East Asia

and the Pacific Region5. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability of Nuclear

Damages and Optional Protocol Concerning the Compulsory Settlements of Disputes.

6. Treaty Banning Nuclear Test in the Atmosphere in Outer Space and Water

7. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological and Toxin Weapons and on Destruction

8. Convention on the International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

9. Convention on the Prevention of Marine pollution by Dumping Waste and other Matter

10. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone.

Environmental Protection Laws of the Philippines

• Presidential Decree no. 1151 1.Philippine Environmental Policy2.Philippine Environmental Code-Water Quality Management-Air Quality Management-Land Use Management-Natural Resources Management and

Conservation

Natural Resources Management and Conservation

1. Fisheries and Aquatic Resources2. Wildlife3. Forestry and Soil Conservation4. Flood Control and Natural Calamities5. Energy Development6. Conservation and Utilization of Surface and

Ground Water7. Mineral Resources

Executive Order no.192 1987 reorganization of DEENR - DENR

• Forest Management Bureau• Land Management Bureau• Mines and GeoSciences Bureau• Environmental Management Bureau• Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau

Laws Created:

• Law on Fisheries• Law on Flood

Control and Natural Calamities

• Forestry Law• Land Use Planning

and Management• Mining

• Pollution and Traffic Management

• Waste Management• Philippine Laws on

Energy• Water and Water

Quality Management

Decrees and RA related to the Environmental Protection Law

• The Environmental Council

• The Philippine Environmental Policy Decree

• The Philippine Environment Code

• The Philippine Water Code

• The Philippine Clean Air Act 1999

• The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

• Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control act of 1990

• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of2000

Air Quality Management

Provide inputs to the Technical Working Group on the pre-feasibility study of Bus Rapid Transit

Promote initiatives on non-motorized transport/ pedestrianization and other sustainable transportation options

Support efforts for cleaner, more efficient tricycles

Support efforts on the use of cleaner fuels, e.g., CME, CNG, ethanol, etc.

Support enforcement of the ban on open burning

Water Quality Management

HARD FACTS (Philippines)

9 major cities are at risk /vulnerable to experiencing significant water constraints (Master Plan 1998).

18 river systems are below water quality standards (Philippine Environment Monitor 2003).

50 rivers (12%) of the 421 rivers in the country are considered biologically dead (Phil. Environment Monitor

2003).

Only a third or 36% of the country’s river systems are classified as sources of public water supply (Phil. Environment Monitor 2003).

Up to 58% of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coliform and needs treatment (Phil. Environment Monitor 2003).

Many areas experience a shortage of water supply during the dry season

Per capita water availability is 1,907 cu.meter per

year ( second lowest in Southeast Asian)

Hard Facts Continuation

Economic losses due to water pollution:Phil. Environment Monitor 2003

Estimated annual losses due to water borne diseases is P3.3 B.

Annual average losses due to degradation of fisheries environment is estimated at P17 B.

Economic losses to tourism is P47 B.

Declining Water Quality

Rapid urbanization and industrialization Indiscriminate land use and development Increasing volume of solid wastes, pollutants and

hazardous wastes Unabated extraction of groundwater Inadequate Sewerage and Sanitation facilities Watershed degradation

Deteriorating health of river and coastal systems

• Key Issues and Concerns

Increasing incidence and intensity of water related risks such as Typhoons, Floods, Droughts and Landslides

• What are co-benefits?What are co-benefits?

• Realisation of multiple objectives within a single strategy

Economic Benefits

SocialBenefits

Environmental Benefits

Co- Co- BenefitsBenefits

Land Use Management

Natural Resource Management & Conservation

• SO: Biodiversity Conserved in Selected Protected Areas and Their Buffer Zones

• Program: Biodiversity Conserved in Indigenous Areas (CAIMAN)

• SO: Improved Natural Resources Management in Targeted Bio diverse Areas by and for the Stakeholders.

• Program: Conservation of Resources through Enterprise (CORE)

• SO: Natural Assets Managed for Rural Development and Sustainable Growth

Assignment : Conduct a detailed study and explain the following P.D.

• Air Quality Management• Water Quality Management• Land Use Management• Natural Resources Management and

ConservationSubmit it in short bond paper not less 8 pages Arial font 12