environmental resources unit. problem area introduction to wildlife

LessonLesson

Exploring the History and Exploring the History and Importance of Wildlife Importance of Wildlife

ManagementManagement

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Explain the history of wildlife Explain the history of wildlife conservation.conservation.

Describing the national policies that Describing the national policies that impact wildlife conservation.impact wildlife conservation.

Identify historical people related to Identify historical people related to wildlife conservation.wildlife conservation.

Describe the values of wildlife.Describe the values of wildlife. Define wildlife conservation and wildlife Define wildlife conservation and wildlife

management.management.

Explain the history of wildlife conservationExplain the history of wildlife conservation

In the 1600’s, when the pilgrims arrived, In the 1600’s, when the pilgrims arrived, wildlife was plentiful and was able to wildlife was plentiful and was able to meet the needs of the people.meet the needs of the people.

Needs turned into wants, which led to Needs turned into wants, which led to exploitationexploitation—the use of natural —the use of natural resources for profit.resources for profit.

By the 1800’s, people began to see a By the 1800’s, people began to see a need for conservation of our natural need for conservation of our natural resourcesresources

What is the history of wildlife What is the history of wildlife conservation?conservation?

Morrill Act of 1862Morrill Act of 1862 Established colleges to Established colleges to

teach agriculture. teach agriculture. Made “land grant Made “land grant

universities” such as the universities” such as the University of Illinois.University of Illinois.

What is the history of wildlife What is the history of wildlife conservation?conservation?

Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park First national park in the world.First national park in the world. Its purpose was to preserve the natural Its purpose was to preserve the natural

resources of the area.resources of the area. 18721872 Located in Idaho, Montana & WyomingLocated in Idaho, Montana & Wyoming 3,472 sq. miles3,472 sq. miles 2,221,773 sq. acres2,221,773 sq. acres

What are the national policies that impact What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?wildlife conservation?

National Park ServiceNational Park Service Enacted in 1916.Enacted in 1916. Federal agency responsible for the care of Federal agency responsible for the care of

the national parks.the national parks. Lacey ActLacey Act

Regulates the shipment of illegally killed Regulates the shipment of illegally killed animals.animals.

Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife.Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife.

What are the national policies that What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?impact wildlife conservation?

Migratory Bird Conservation ActMigratory Bird Conservation Act First step in protecting migratory birds.First step in protecting migratory birds. 19291929

Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp ActMigratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act Requires people planning on hunting Requires people planning on hunting

migratory birds to purchase special stamps.migratory birds to purchase special stamps. 19371937 Has raised over $1 billion to date.Has raised over $1 billion to date.


Pittman-Robertson ActPittman-Robertson Act Raises money in the form of taxes on Raises money in the form of taxes on

hunting equipment and ammunition hunting equipment and ammunition 19371937


Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act Identifies and manages rare, Identifies and manages rare,

threatened and endangered species.threatened and endangered species. Threatened-population is in danger of Threatened-population is in danger of

becoming endangered.becoming endangered. Endangered-population is in danger of Endangered-population is in danger of

becoming extinct.becoming extinct.

What are the national policies that impact What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?wildlife conservation?

Wildlife Refuge SystemWildlife Refuge System A system of wildlife A system of wildlife

refuges across the United refuges across the United States.States.

A part of the US Fish and A part of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.Wildlife Service.

19661966

What are the national policies that impact wildlife What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?conservation?

Forest ServiceForest Service Part of the USDA that manages Part of the USDA that manages

156 forests covering 191 million 156 forests covering 191 million acres of forests and grassland.acres of forests and grassland.

Historical People in Wildlife ConservationHistorical People in Wildlife Conservation

John James Audubon (1785–1851)John James Audubon (1785–1851) Watched and studied birds.Watched and studied birds. Published a book about his bird studies.Published a book about his bird studies. 1905 the National Audubon Society was 1905 the National Audubon Society was

formed.formed.


John Muir (1838–1914)John Muir (1838–1914) Partly responsible for the development of Partly responsible for the development of

Yellowstone and Sequoia National Parks.Yellowstone and Sequoia National Parks. Encouraged President Roosevelt to Encouraged President Roosevelt to

establish these parks.establish these parks. Started the Sierra Club.Started the Sierra Club. California forest named after him.California forest named after him.


Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) Known as the “Father of the Known as the “Father of the

Conservation Movement”.Conservation Movement”. Passed legislations to help protect Passed legislations to help protect

natural resource.natural resource.


Aldo Leopold (1886–1948)Aldo Leopold (1886–1948) Applied ecology to wildlife.Applied ecology to wildlife.

Ecology is the study of how organisms Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment.interact with their environment.

Wrote a book called Game Wrote a book called Game Management that was used to help Management that was used to help further educate wildlife biologists.further educate wildlife biologists.


Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946)Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946) One of the first leaders of what is now One of the first leaders of what is now

known as the U.S. Forest Service.known as the U.S. Forest Service. Wrote a book called The Fight for Wrote a book called The Fight for

Conservation.Conservation. His efforts focused on the conservation His efforts focused on the conservation

of forests.of forests.

Historical People in Wildlife ConservationHistorical People in Wildlife Conservation Hugh Bennett (1881–1960Hugh Bennett (1881–1960

Father of soil conservation.Father of soil conservation. First person to run the Soil Conservation First person to run the Soil Conservation

Service.Service. Jay Darling (1872–1962)Jay Darling (1872–1962)

Designed the first migratory bird stamp.Designed the first migratory bird stamp. Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural

resources.resources. His cartoons made the public aware of the His cartoons made the public aware of the

need for wildlife conservation.need for wildlife conservation.

The work of Jay DarlingThe work of Jay Darling

““Land, water and vegetation Land, water and vegetation are just that dependent on one are just that dependent on one another. Without these three another. Without these three primary elements in natural primary elements in natural balance, we can have neither balance, we can have neither fish nor game, wild flowers nor fish nor game, wild flowers nor trees, labor nor capital, nor trees, labor nor capital, nor sustaining habitat for humans”sustaining habitat for humans”

Jay “Ding” Darling Jay “Ding” Darling

The work of Jay DarlingThe work of Jay Darling

What are the values of wildlifeWhat are the values of wildlife

Plants and animals that have not Plants and animals that have not been domesticated are called been domesticated are called wildlife.wildlife. Domestication is being under control of Domestication is being under control of

humans.humans.

There are five basic values of wildlifeThere are five basic values of wildlife

Five Basic Values of WildlifeFive Basic Values of Wildlife

Aesthetic value—the enjoying of Aesthetic value—the enjoying of wildlife’s beauty and pleasurewildlife’s beauty and pleasure

Scientific value—studying and Scientific value—studying and research of wildlife for their use in research of wildlife for their use in medications, integrated pest medications, integrated pest management, etc…management, etc…

Ecological Value—the interaction of Ecological Value—the interaction of wildlife in naturewildlife in nature

Five Basic Values of WildlifeFive Basic Values of Wildlife

Commercial—using wildlife to earn Commercial—using wildlife to earn moneymoney

Game Value—the enjoyment value Game Value—the enjoyment value gained through hunting and fishinggained through hunting and fishing

What are wildlife conservation and wildlife What are wildlife conservation and wildlife management?management?

Wildlife ConservationWildlife Conservation——the wise use of the wise use of natural resources in our environment.natural resources in our environment.

Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 parts.parts. Education—learning how to conserve Education—learning how to conserve

wildlife and its resources.wildlife and its resources. Research—using science to better Research—using science to better

understand the needs and understand the needs and requirements of wildlife and its habitat.requirements of wildlife and its habitat.

What are wildlife conservation and What are wildlife conservation and wildlife management?wildlife management?

Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 parts (continued)parts (continued) Law Enforcement—ensures that all Law Enforcement—ensures that all

laws related to wildlife are followed.laws related to wildlife are followed. Wildlife Management—manipulation of Wildlife Management—manipulation of

wildlife to achieve a positive goal.wildlife to achieve a positive goal.

LessonLesson

Understanding the Understanding the National Park SystemNational Park System

What are Some Examples of National What are Some Examples of National Parks and Historic Sites in the United Parks and Historic Sites in the United

States?States?

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand the history and purpose Understand the history and purpose of the National Park System.of the National Park System.

Understand how National Park Understand how National Park System units are designated.System units are designated.

How was the National Park System How was the National Park System Established and What is its Purpose?Established and What is its Purpose?

In 1872, Congress established In 1872, Congress established Yellowstone National Park in the Yellowstone National Park in the territories of Montana and Wyoming territories of Montana and Wyoming as a public park for the benefit and as a public park for the benefit and enjoyment of the people and placed enjoyment of the people and placed it under exclusive control of the it under exclusive control of the Secretary of the Interior.Secretary of the Interior.

How was the National Park System How was the National Park System Established and What is its Purpose?Established and What is its Purpose?

Yellowstone National Park was the Yellowstone National Park was the first public park and its founding first public park and its founding began a worldwide park movement.began a worldwide park movement.

Currently more than 100 nations Currently more than 100 nations contain some 1,200 national parks.contain some 1,200 national parks.

National Park System Development National Park System Development

On August 25th, 1916, President On August 25th, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act, Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act, which formed the National Park Service.which formed the National Park Service. The National Park Service was created as a The National Park Service was created as a

new federal bureau in the Department of the new federal bureau in the Department of the Interior and it was responsible for protecting Interior and it was responsible for protecting the 40 national parks and monuments in the 40 national parks and monuments in existence at that time and those yet to be existence at that time and those yet to be established.established.


The Organic Act states that “the Service shall The Organic Act states that “the Service shall promote and regulate the use of Federal promote and regulate the use of Federal areas known as national parks, monuments, areas known as national parks, monuments, and reservations...to conserve the scenery and reservations...to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such a manner and enjoyment of the same in such a manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”for the enjoyment of future generations.”


Today the National Park Service of the Today the National Park Service of the United States is comprised of over 380 United States is comprised of over 380 national parks, and other designated national parks, and other designated monuments and areas, which cover monuments and areas, which cover more than 83 million acres in 49 States, more than 83 million acres in 49 States, the District of Columbia, American the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and the Virgin Islands. National Parks have the Virgin Islands. National Parks have over 250 million visitors, annually.over 250 million visitors, annually.

National Park System DevelopmentNational Park System Development

National Parks in the United States National Parks in the United States are created by acts of Congress.are created by acts of Congress. National Parks are “areas of national National Parks are “areas of national

significance distinguished by superlative significance distinguished by superlative natural scenery, set aside for preservation natural scenery, set aside for preservation as nearly as possible in unimpaired as nearly as possible in unimpaired condition and dedicated to the use and condition and dedicated to the use and inspiration of the people.”inspiration of the people.”

How are National Park System Units How are National Park System Units Designated?Designated?

The National Park Service consists The National Park Service consists of more than 380 areas.of more than 380 areas.

The areas can be classified into The areas can be classified into three categories: natural areas, three categories: natural areas, historical areas, and recreational historical areas, and recreational areasareas

Categories of National Park Service Categories of National Park Service SitesSites

National ParkNational Park: National parks are large : National parks are large natural places that a have a wide variety of natural places that a have a wide variety of attributes. Consumptive activities, such as attributes. Consumptive activities, such as hunting or fishing are typically not allowed.hunting or fishing are typically not allowed.

National MonumentNational Monument: The President can : The President can proclaim landmarks, structures, and other proclaim landmarks, structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest on objects of historic or scientific interest on land owned or controlled by the land owned or controlled by the government to be national monuments.government to be national monuments.

Fireworks Over National Monuments Fireworks Over National Monuments in Washington D.C.in Washington D.C.

National PreserveNational Preserve: National preserves : National preserves are areas that have characteristics are areas that have characteristics associated with national parks, but associated with national parks, but Congress has permitted activities such Congress has permitted activities such as hunting, trapping, and oil exploration.as hunting, trapping, and oil exploration.

Categories of National Park Service Categories of National Park Service Sites Sites


National Historic SiteNational Historic Site: A national : A national historical site is a site that contains a historical site is a site that contains a single historical feature.single historical feature.

National Historical ParkNational Historical Park: National : National historic parks are historical areas historic parks are historical areas that extend beyond single properties that extend beyond single properties or buildings.or buildings.

National Memorial:National Memorial: A national memorial is A national memorial is commemorative of a historical person or commemorative of a historical person or episode.episode.


National Battlefield:National Battlefield: Sites in this category Sites in this category include national battlefield parks, national include national battlefield parks, national battlefield sites, and national military parks.battlefield sites, and national military parks.

National Cemetery:National Cemetery: There are 14 national There are 14 national cemeteries and all of them are associated cemeteries and all of them are associated with another unit of the National Park with another unit of the National Park Service.Service.


Arlington National CemeteryArlington National Cemetery

National Recreational Area:National Recreational Area: There are There are currently 17 national recreational areas currently 17 national recreational areas within the National Park Service.within the National Park Service. Twelve of which are centered on large reservoirs Twelve of which are centered on large reservoirs

and emphasize water recreation.and emphasize water recreation. Five of the national recreational areas are located Five of the national recreational areas are located

in major population areas and combine open in major population areas and combine open spaces with the preservation of significant historic spaces with the preservation of significant historic resources and natural areas to provide outdoor resources and natural areas to provide outdoor recreation for large numbers of people.recreation for large numbers of people.


National Seashore:National Seashore: Ten national Ten national seashores have been established on the seashores have been established on the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts.Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts.


National Lakeshore:National Lakeshore: National National lakeshores are similar to seashores and lakeshores are similar to seashores and are all on the Great Lakesare all on the Great Lakes

National River:National River: This category contains This category contains several variations such as: national river several variations such as: national river and recreational area, national scenic and recreational area, national scenic river, wild river, and etc.river, wild river, and etc.


National Parkway:National Parkway: National parkways National parkways are intended for scenic motoring along a are intended for scenic motoring along a protected corridor and they often connect protected corridor and they often connect cultural sites.cultural sites. A A parkway parkway refers to the roadway and the refers to the roadway and the

parkland paralleling the roadway.parkland paralleling the roadway.


National Trail:National Trail: National scenic trails and National scenic trails and national historic trails are the titles give to national historic trails are the titles give to these linear parklands authorized under these linear parklands authorized under the National Trails System Act of 1968.the National Trails System Act of 1968.


Affiliated AreasAffiliated Areas: includes a variety of : includes a variety of locations in the U.S. and Canada that locations in the U.S. and Canada that preserve significant properties outside preserve significant properties outside the National Park Service, not owned by the National Park Service, not owned by the federal government.the federal government. Other Designations have unique titles or Other Designations have unique titles or

combinations of titles such as the White combinations of titles such as the White House and Prince William Forest Park.House and Prince William Forest Park.


environmental resources unit. problem area introduction to wildlife

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