Environmental Management

in Singapore

General Information on Singapore

Land-one main island and 63 smaller islands-Main island is about 42 km f rom east to west and 32 km f rom North to South and has a coastline of 150 km-Total land surface area is 683 km2

Climate- Tropical-23oC - 33oC-Annual rainfall of 2,345 mm -Average daily relative humidity of 84%

Population- Resident - 3.2 million- 76.8% Chinese, 13.9% Malay, 7.9% I ndian and 1.4% Other races

Introduction

SingaporeSingapore facesfaces the following the following constraintsconstraints::

• SSmall mall land arealand area

• Densely-populated Densely-populated

• NoNo natural natural resourcesresources

• No energy sourcesNo energy sources

• Little water resourcesLittle water resources

Broad Strategy

Need to strike a balance between• Promote economic and industrial

growth• Protection of the environment

Anti-Pollution Unit – 1970Ministry of the Environment – 1972Programmes implemented to protect the

environment

Key Elements of Strategy

• Long term planning

• Preventive control of environmental threats

• Monitoring of environmental quality

• Effective legislation & enforcement

• Provision of environmental infrastructure

• Use of environmental technology

Land Use PlanningUrban Redevelopment Authority

• National Authority for land use planning

• Prepares Concept Plan and Development Guide Plans (DGPs)

• Land is zoned for specific uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc

• Environmental controls are factored in Concept Plan and DGPs Protection of water catchment

Provision of environmental infrastructure

Compatibility of land use

Preventive Controls

• Judicious siting of industries

• Development and building plan control

• Inspection of completed premises

Siting of Industries

• Site industrial estates for clean and light industries close to residential areas

• Site general and special industries farther away from residential areas in Jurong and Tuas Industrial estates, and on Jurong Island

Siting of Industries

Evaluates pollution impact of new industries

• do not pose unmanageable health and safety

hazards and pollution

• adopt clean technology to minimise the use of

hazardous chemicals and the generation of wastes

• can comply with prescribed standards for the

emission/discharge of pollutants

• wastes can be properly handled and disposed of

• compatible with surrounding land use

Building Plan Control

• Check building plans of new developments

• Check pollution control facilities of

industrial developments

• Check completed developments for

compliance with pollution control

requirements before occupation and use of

developments

Environmental Monitoring• Monitor ambient air quality and quality of

inland and coastal waters

• Detect trends so that control programmes can be formulated to prevent a problem from arising

• Assess adequacy and effectiveness of control programmes

• Keep abreast with monitoring technology

Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring & Management System

• Air monitoring stations are equipped with continuous automatic analysers for sulphur dioxide ozone carbon monoxide oxides of nitrogen particulate matter

INDUSTRIAL

ROADSIDE

URBAN

MODEM

CENTRAL CONTROL STATION

Telemetric AirQuality Monitoring

& ManagementSystem

SUB-URBAN

Remote Station

LEGEND

Central ControlStation at

Environment Bldg

State of Johor

State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor

4

67

9

11

10

12

8

5

3

2

1

17

15

LOCATION OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

16

ROADSIDE STATIONS

15 Southern EHDO16 National Museum17 Ngee Ann Polytechnic

SURVEY STATION

18 Jurong Island

AMBIENT STATIONS

Urban

1 Tanjong Katong Girls Sch2 Bishan ITE3 Environment Bldg4 Temasek Polytechnic5 Woodlands Sec Sch6 Woodbridge Hospital7 Stagmont Camp

Industrial

8 Singapore Science Centre9 Hong Kah Pri Sch10 Nanyang Technological

UniversitySuburban

11 Siglap Sec Sch12 Yishun ITE13 Kranji Reservoir14 Changi Airport

13

14

18

Ambient Air QualityMonitoring Station

PSI (1991 - 2002)

75

25

77

23

68

32

4946

5

61

39

64

36

4948

3

70

30

65

35

70

30

83

17

0

82

18

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

% o

f d

ays

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

Good Moderate Unhealthy

Water Quality Monitoring

• Water in reservoirs remains suitable for Water in reservoirs remains suitable for

treatment for potable usetreatment for potable use

• Inland water supports aquatic lifeInland water supports aquatic life

• Coastal waters remain suitable for Coastal waters remain suitable for

recreationrecreational useal use

Water Quality MonitoringProgrammes

•Inland water

–Catchment

–Non-catchment

–Reservoir

•Coastal water

State of Johor

State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor

Yan Kit Pond

Pulau TekongStream

Sg Puak Besar

Sg SeletarSimpang KiriSg Seletar

Simpang Kanan 2

Sg SeletarSimpang Kanan

Sg Seletar

Sg Chik Abu

Sg SimpangKiri

YishunPond

YishunPond

Sg SembawangKechil

Sg Sembawang

MandaiKechil Pond

Mandai

Pang SiangPond

Sg Bukit Mandai

Sg Pang Sua (W)

Sg Kadut

Sg Peng SiangCentre

Sg Peng SiangRight 1

Sg Peng SiangRight 2

Sg Tengah

Sg Neo

Sg Hantu

Sg Kangkar

Sg SimpangMak Wai (S)

Sg SimpangMak Wai (S)

Sg Berih

Sg Tho Pek Kong

Sg Chua Chu KangSg Poyan

Sg Bajua

Sg Tengeh (N)

Sg Tengeh (S)

Sg Jurong 1 Sg Jurong 2

Sg Pandan

Sg Bukit Timah

MacRitchie Stream Tampines Ponds

Bedok Ponds

S ta te o f Joh or

S ta te o f Joh orS ta te o f Joh or S ta te o f Joh or

Lo we rSe le ta r

Lo we rPe irc e

Up p e rPe irc e

Up p e rSe le ta r

Kra n jiSa rim b un

M ura i

Po ya n

Te ng e h J u ro n gLa ke

Pa nd a n

M a c Ritc hie Be d o k

Pu la u Te lo ng

State of Johor

State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor

Sg Bedok

Sg Siglap

GeylangRiver

Pelton Canal

Kallang River

Sg Whampoa

Bukit Timah Canal

Singapore River

Stamford Canal

Sg JurongSg Jurong (R)

Jurong AreaCanal

Sg Melayu

Sg Buloh

Sg Kranji

Sg SimpangKanan

Sg Punggol

Sg Serangoon

Legislation & Policies

• Set up effective legislation to control pollution

• Carry out regular review of policies and standards with extensive consultations with the public and industries

Enforcement

• Ensure air pollutant emission standards and trade effluent standards comply with legal standards

• Control the proper management and disposal of hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes

• Conduct regular checks on industries

• Take legal action against recalcitrant polluters

Environmental Infrastructure

• Comprehensive sewerage system

• Efficient solid waste system

Sewerage System• Separate sewerage system for both domestic

and industrial wastewater and open drainage for rain water

• 6 water reclamation plants• 2,800 km sewers• >100 pumping stations• 97% population served and remaining 3% by

on-site sewage treatment plants• Industrial wastewater pretreated to prescribed

standards prior to discharging into the sewerage system

PRETREATMENT PLANT

PUMPING STATION

MANHOLEEFFLUENT OUTFALL

SEWER

WATER RECLAMATION PLANT

HOUSEHOLDS

COMMERCIAL

PREMISESINDUSTRIES

Sewerage System

SEA

Solid Waste Management

• Daily refuse collection service

• Toxic industrial wastes segregated at source

and collected by licensed toxic industrial waste

collectors for treatment and disposal

• 90% of wastes generated is incinerated at 4

incineration plants

• Ash from the refuse incineration plants and

10% of wastes generated are disposed of at the

off-shore Semakau sanitary landfill

SemakauSemakauLandfillLandfill

Senoko IPSenoko IP

Tuas Tuas South IPSouth IP

Tuas IPTuas IP Ulu Pandan Ulu Pandan RIPRIP

Closed Lorong Closed Lorong Halus Dumping Halus Dumping

GroundGround

REFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIESREFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIES

Education

• Educational programmes to raise and

cultivate awareness and understanding

• Environmental education programmes in

primary, secondary and pre-university

curricula

• Educational campaigns

Environmental Technology

• Monitor latest developments in industrial processes and pollution control technologies

• Adopt best practicable measures

• Use clean technology - minimise use of hazardous chemicals and generation of wastes

• Use hazardous chemicals that will not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards

• Promote research & development

Thank you