enviromental pollution with cadmium and lead

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Presented by: JAMAL ELGOSNI UNDER SUPERVISORE PROF.DR MAHER GEORGI NASSEEM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH CADMIUM AND LEAD

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Page 1: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

Presented by:

JAMAL ELGOSNI

UNDER SUPERVISORE

PROF.DR MAHER GEORGI NASSEEM

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH CADMIUM AND LEAD

Page 2: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

• Pollution can be described as .the deliberate or accidental contamination of the environment with waste that is created by human action..

• A pollutant is a substance or effect which adversely alters the environment by changing the growth rate of species, interferes with the food chains, is toxic or interferes with health, comfort, amenities or property values of people.

• Pollutants are introduced into the environment in significant amounts in the form of sewage, waste, accidental discharge, or as a by-product of a manufacturing process or other human activity. The damage caused to the biosphere may be briefly summarized as follows:

Page 3: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

• 1. Damage to human health caused by specific chemical substances present in the air, food, water and radioactivity materials

• 2. Damage to the natural environment which affects vegetation, animals, crops, soil and water

• 3. Damage to the aesthetic quality of the environment caused by smoke, chemical fumes, dust, noise, the dumping of solid waste and waste water

• 4. Damage caused by long term pollution effects which are not immediately apparent. The dangerous effects are caused by low level pollution absorbed into the body over long periods of time, for example carcinogenic substances, radioactivity and excessive noise

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Page 4: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

Types of Pollution

• (a) Water Pollution• (b) Air Pollution• (c) Land Pollution• (d) Noise Pollution• (e) Thermal Pollution• (f) Solid Wastes

• (a) Water Pollution

• (b) Air Pollution

• (c) Land Pollution

(d) Noise Pollution(e) Thermal Pollution(f) Solid Wastes

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(a) Water Pollution

• Water pollution occurs due to the presence of dissolved inorganic materials, organic materials

• such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other substances found in domestic and industrial

• waste waters. It also gets polluted due to physical factors such as turbidity, color,

• temperature of effluent, associated radioactivity act's

Page 6: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

Quality standard for groundwater

Category I is primarily reflects the background low contents of thenature chemical components of the groundwater.Category II is primarily reflects the background contents of thenature chemical components of the ground water. It is applicable to various purposes.Category III is based on the benchmark value of the human health. It is primarily applicable to the concentrative drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural use water.Category IV is based on the industrial and agricultural use waterrequirements. It is primarily applicable to the industrial use water and partial agricultural use water. After it is properly processed, it isapplicable to the drinking water.Category V is not applicable to the drinking water. The selection ofsuch category of water depends on other purposes.

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Farmland irrigation water( limiting value ): quote from<《 Standard for irrigation water quality》

Lead ≤0.1mg/L - Cadmium ≤0.005mg/L

Page 8: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

(b) Air Pollution

• Apart from natural causes, pollution of air occurs due to increased industrialization and urbanization. In nature, thousands of tones of dust, sand and obnoxious gases are carried from one place to another by wind, cyclones, volcanic eruptions and forest fires. A healthy man inhales about 16.5 kg air/day. If this air is polluted, intake of oxygen is reduced. Corrosion of materials by acid mist and acid gases like SO2, CO2 and oxides of nitrogen can be very significant

• Pollution of air occurs from process industries such as sulfuric acid plants, power station boilers, nitric acid plants, cement plants, foundries, chlor-alkali industries and plastics industries among many others. Technically solutions exist for all pollution problems, but economically they may not be favorable

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Effects on the Environment

Plants are even more sensitive to gaseous air pollutants than are humans– Crop damage– Forest damage

Aquatic ecosystems become more acidic– Kills organisms– Upsets balance

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Integrated emission standard of air pollutants

Category I indicates the nature protected areas, and the beauty spot areas, as well as other areas that need special protection.Category II indicates the town planning resident areas, and the mixed areas for resident and business purposes, as well as culture areas, and ordinary industrial zones and rural areas.Category III indicates the specifically designated industrial zones.

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(c) Land Pollution• The greatest land pollution by far occurs

due to urbanization and concentration of population. Garbage, waste paper, packing materials and rejects from households and industries form solid wastes.

• The decomposition of organic materials in soil can release sulfur dioxide and other sulfur compounds, causing acid rain. Heavy metals such as cadmium , lead and other potentially toxic elements are the most serious soil pollutants in sewage.

• Sewage sludge contains heavy metals and, if applied repeatedly or in large amounts, the treated soil may accumulate heavy metals and consequently become unable to even support plant life.

Page 13: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

Effects of land pollutionPlants are even more sensitive to gaseous air

pollutants than are humans

• Crop damage

• Forest damageAquatic ecosystems become more acidic

• Kills organisms

• Upsets balance

Page 14: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

Environment Quality Standard for cadmium and lead in Soils

Level I Standard is the limit value of the soil environment quality that must be maintained in nature background for the nature ecosystem of the protected areas.Level II Standard is the limit value of the soil that must bemaintained to ensure the agricultural production and maintain the human health.Level III Standard is the critical value of the soil that must be maintained to ensure the agricultural and forest production and maintain the plant normal growth.

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(d) Noise Pollution• Noise pollution- also known as environmental

pollution- is sound produced by humans and/or machines that disrupt the natural environment and society in general

• Definition of noise are unwanted sound waves that did not exist in the environment during the pre-modern electromagnetic spectrum

• Noise is one of the most common forms of pollution that can cause harm to the general health and hearing

Page 17: Enviromental Pollution With Cadmium and Lead

(e) Thermal Pollution•Artificial heating of waters, primarily be hot-water

emission from industrial operations and power plants.– Major sources: Hot-water discharge from industrial operations, power plants, abnormal ocean currents

•Heated water causes several problems: Heated water contains less O than cold water leads to adverse changes to the habitats of organisms favors growth rate of undesirable organisms

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• Solid wastes are useless, unwanted or discarded materials. They include agricultural wastes, commercial and industrial wastes and household wastes. Another word for solid waste is garbage. Mountains of garbage once surrounded cities.

• Lead and cadmium containing solid waste should be identified according to the <Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes—Identification for Extraction Procedure Toxicity .The wastes shall be hazardous wastes which is featured by leaching toxicity if the lead content in the lixivium ≥3 mg/L, or cadmium≥0.3 mg/L. Hazardous wastes must be disposed in accordance with the requirements stated in the <Standard of Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage

Solid Wastes

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Duckworth, Carolyn. "Noise pollution." Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. LeeLerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale Group, 2008. StudentResource Center - Gold. Gale. St Francis Prep School. 5 Apr. 2009<http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T001&prodId=SRC-1&docId=EJ2644041588&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroupName=fres78823&version=1.0>.The headway on Controlling the Environmental Pollution of Lead and Cadmium in China (Zong zijiu, China)http://www.chem.unep.ch/Pb_and_Cd

References

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION