Enterprise Architecture

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Agenda

• What is Enterprise Architecture (EA)?

• Roles in EA?

• Why is EA Important?

• Tangible Benefits from EA?

• What Do We Need to Accomplish?

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BackgroundWhat is Enterprise Architecture?

“A strategic information asset base which defines the• business• the information necessary to operate the business• the technologies necessary to support the business operations

• and the transitional processes necessary for implementing new technologies in response to the changing needs of the business.”

--- Federal CIO Council

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BackgroundRoles in EA?

• The Chief Architect, in conjunction with the CIO and select OPM business managers, defines the architectural principles that map to the organization’s IT vision and strategic plans.

• As shown in Figure 1, architectural principles should represent fundamental requirements and practices believed to be good for the organization. These principles should be refined to meet OPM’s business needs.

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1.It’s the law• Clinger-Cohen

Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires IT Architecture.

• President’s Management Agenda (PMA) and PMA Scorecard

BackgroundWhy is Enterprise Architecture Important?

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1.It’s the law

• OMB Raines Rule #5 “Is the project consistent with…bureau information architectures?”

• GAO Reports and Audits– “Eight Agencies Were Well Positioned to Achieve Stage 5 Maturity, and Many Agencies

Were Performing Core Elements beyond Their Assigned Maturity Stages– Although the Executive Office of the President was the sole stage 5 agency, seven other

agencies were close to becoming models of enterprise architecture management. – One of the seven, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), which achieved stage 1

of version 1.1, needed to satisfy only five more elements to become a stage 5 agency. OPM needed to satisfy one stage 2 element (“Enterprise architecture plans call for developing metrics for measuring enterprise architecture progress, quality, compliance, and return on investment”), one stage 3 element (“Progress against enterprise architecture plans is measured and reported”), two stage 4 elements (“Enterprise architecture products and management processes undergo independent verification and validation” and “Quality of enterprise architecture products is measured and reported”), and one stage 5 element (“Return on enterprise architecture investment is measured and reported”). (GAO-05-798T)

BackgroundWhy is Enterprise Architecture Important?

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1.It’s the law

•Additional Legislative and Executive Mandates

–Government Paperwork Elimination Act (GPEA)

–Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Amendments

–Government Performance Results Act of 1993 (GPRA)

–OMB Circulars A￢ 130 and A￢ 11

–GAO Guidance, Findings, and Recommendations

–Federal CIO Council documents.

BackgroundWhy is Enterprise Architecture important?

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2. It’s good business practice– Alignment - ensuring the reality of the implemented

enterprise is aligned with management’s intent– Integration - realizing that the business rules are

consistent across the organization, that the data and its use are immutable, interfaces and information flow are standardized, and the connectivity and interoperability are managed across the enterprise

– Change - facilitating and managing change to any aspect of the enterprise

– Time-to-market - reducing systems development, applications generation, modernization timeframes, and resource requirements

– Convergence - striving toward a standard IT product portfolio as contained in the Technical Reference Model (TRM).

Background Why is Enterprise Architecture Important?

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3. We need to act on these mandates by– Providing tools and support to Project Managers and

their teams to help them manage their projects, activities and resources more effectively

– Improving management decision making by creating a comprehensive, dynamic, accurate, and secure System to support an enterprise-wide portfolio management at OPM while utilizing existing OPM resources and methodologies

– Enabling effective and efficient information sharing between initiatives, project teams, CFO, CIO and other stakeholders

– Fulfilling legislative and regulatory requirements and achieve ANSI/EIA standard 748 compliance

– Establishing a strong EVMS governance at OPM

Background What Do We Need to Accomplish?

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BenefitsTangible Benefits from Enterprise Architecture?

• Capture facts about the mission, functions, and business foundation in an understandable manner to promote better planning and decision making

• Improve communication among the business organizations and IT organizations within the enterprise through a standardized vocabulary

• Provide architectural views that help communicate the complexity of large systems and facilitate management of extensive, complex environments

• Focus on the strategic use of emerging technologies to better manage the enterprise’s information and consistently insert those technologies into the enterprise

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BenefitsTangible Benefits from Enterprise Architecture?

• Improve consistency, accuracy, timeliness, integrity, quality, availability, access, and sharing of IT-managed information across the enterprise

• Support the CPIC processes by providing a tool for assessment of benefits, impacts, and capital investment measurements and supporting analyses of alternatives, risks, and tradeoffs

• Highlight opportunities for building greater quality and flexibility into applications without increasing cost

• Achieve economies of scale by providing mechanisms for sharing services across the enterprise

• Expedite integration of legacy, migration, and new systems• Ensure legal and regulatory compliance.

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EA Overview

EA

ModelsFrameworks

Founding Gurus &Follow-on Authors

EssentialConcepts, Principles,

StandardsEssentialElements

PeopleProcessesBusinessTechnology

ViewsIEEE 1471-2000

Goals andObjectives

FoundersGrandfather-Dewey WalkerFather- JohnZachmanSon-StephenSpewak

AuthorsMcGovern -Practical Guide toEABernard -Introduction to EABoar - Aligning ITwith BusStrategiesRechtin -SystemsArchitectingCook - BuildingEnt InfoArchitecturesWagter -Dynamic EASchekkerman -Creating orChoosing an EAFramework

FrameworksFEAFDoDAF (C4ISR)TOGAFall based onZachman IAFramework

FEA Models:BRMDRMSRMPRMTRM

EAP - Spewak -Models:-Business-Data-Application-Technology

Other ModelsVocabulary &

Definitions

Caution:Can range fromdiscrete to fuzzy

Minefields, Benefits,Costs, ROI, Best

Practices

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EA Frameworks

.Net Framework

J2EE Framework

TOGAF

FEAF

DoDAF (C4ISR)

EAP

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Tip…

Essentials

Important

Nice-to-know

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EA Resources

EA RESOURCES

Government

Federal

State

Industry

Organizations

Executive Branch White House eGov Administrator:

K. Evans US Gov Chief Architect

R. Burk OMB FEAPMO EAMS Circular A-130 CIO Council NIST Architecture PlusLegislative Branch Clinger Cohen Act GAO

NASCIOToolkit

AssociationsIEEEIEAAEAEWITAEA Community

Case StudiesResearch Firms

GartnerForrester

Cutter EA Resource CenterConsultants

Institutes, ConferencesZIFAFEACeGov InstituteSEIEA SummitThe Open Group's IT Arch Practitioners Conference

SoftwareTools

VendorsProFormaTelelogic - System ArchitectTroux - Metis

BOKs

PMI- PMBOKIEEE-SWEBOKMitre-EABOK

Authors, Gurus

ZachmanSpewakOthers

Career

Conferences

Position DescriptionsQualificationsSkillsSalaries

Business Modeling SkillsData Modeling SkillsSystems Design Analysis SkillsSystems Thinking SkillsEmotional IQ (Daniel Goleman)

EA Tool Surveys/ReportsAus. Defence ForcesGAO-04-040

Execution

Mandate

Standards

Academia

HopkinsOneCourses