Enterprise: Animal ScienceUnit: Livestock Breeds & TermsFactor Information needed

I. Intro. A. Identifying breeds of livestock is basic knowledge of the agriculture industry.

1. Many jobs require it.II. Beef Breeds

A. The common breeds of beef can be broken down by type.

1. English Breeds- came from British Isles, some of the earliest breeds brought to America

a. Angus- All black and polled. Popular for crossing. (also Red Angus)

b. Hereford- Red with white face, chest, underline, switch, and possibly legs and crest. Both horned and polled breeds.

c. Shorthorn-Can be red, white, or roan

2. Continental (exotic) Breeds

a. Charolais-White to cream color with pink skin. Heavy muscled, large breed.

b. Chianina-White to grey with black skin, nose, and switch. Largest breed.

c. Limousin-Red (black) which gets lighter at the points. Muscular breed.d. Simmental-Red to Yellow (black)with white patches

e. Gelbvieh-Red to tan, high milking ability.

f. Maine Anjou-Dark Red or Black with white patches, large, muscular breed

3. Indian breedsa. Brahman-

White to grey with large hump and floppy skin.

b. Brangus-Black with hump and floppy skin. 5/8 Angus, 3/8 Brahman.

B. Common Beef terms:1. Steer-

Castrated male2. Heifer-

Young female/no offspring3. Bull-

Male of any age4. Cow-

Mature female5. Calf-

Young of either sex

III. Swine Breeds

A. There are two basic types of swine- Meat and Maternal.B. Breeds can be identified by color and ears.

1. Yorkshire- White with erect ears. Known as the maternal “Mother Breed”

2. Chester White- White with medium floppy ears, maternal.

3. American Landrace- Long White breed with long floppy ears, maternal breed.

4. Duroc- Solid red with floppy ears, meat breed.

5. Spotted Swine- Black and white patches, floppy ears, meat breed.

6. Hampshire- Black with a white belt around front shoulders, erect ears, meat breed.

7. Poland China- Black with 6 white points, floppy ears, meat breed.

8. Berkshire- Black with 6 white points, erect ears, meat breed.

C. Basic swine terminology:1. Gilt-

young female2. Barrow-

Castrated male3. Boar-

Male of any age4. Sow-

Mature female5. Piglet-

Young of either sex.

IV. Sheep Breeds

A. Sheep can be divided up by wool type.B. Wool breeds

1. Columbia- all white wool breed, tall, no horns, smooth neck.

C. Meat breeds1. Suffolk- bald black head/ legs.

2. Rambouillet- all white fine wool breed, male horns, wrinkled neck.

3. Dorset- all white meat breed with a wool cap.

2. Hampshire- black face and legs with a wool cap

D. Terminology1. Ram- male of any age2. Ewe- female of any age3. Wether- castrated male4. Lamb- young of either sex5. Buck- slang for ram

V. Dairy Breeds

A. The dairy breeds include1. Holstein-

black and white spots

2. Brown Swiss- Brown to gray with black eyes and muzzle

3. Jersey- small, tan with black face

4. Guernsey- Tan withwhite patches

5. Ayrshire- dark red/white patches

VI. Horses

A. Horses are categorized by size, most don’t have a set color:

1. Medium horsesa. Quarter horse- muscular,

athletic breed named for its race.

b. Arabian- small endurance breed, dished face, smooth muscled

c. Paint- solid color/white patches

Tobiano

Overo

d. Appaloosa- spotted color pattern

e. Morgan- smooth muscled, gaited breed. Usually longer backed.

f. Thoroughbred- tall, medium distance racing breed.

2. Ponies:a. Shetland- common, small size

b. Welsh- larger pony

c. P.O.A.- small appaloosa

d. Miniature horse

3. Draft- large breedsa. Belgian

b. Clydesdale

c. Percheron

4. Othersa. donkeyb. burroc. mule

B. horse terminology1. Stallion- mature male2. Mare- mature female3. Gelding- castrated male4. Colt- young male5. Filly- young female6. Foal- newborn of either sex

C. Color terms

1. Bay- brown with black mane, tail and legs

2. Sorrel- red with red or white mane and tail

3. Chestnut- brownish red with matching mane and tail

4. Dun- yellowish to red, line back (dorsal stripe), may have zebra striped legs

5. Buckskin-yellowish with black mane and tail

6. Red Roan- mixture of red and white hair7. Blue Roan- mixture of black and white hair

8. Palomino- gold body with white mane, tail and markings

9. Gray, black, brown

a. starb. stripc. snipd. blazee. piebald(bald)

a. heelb. coronetc. 1/2 pasternd. pasterne. anklef. sockg. stocking