__________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline - EOR Methods (Page 1 of 3) Dr. M. Abbaszadeh (IPS, Inc.)

Innovative Petrotech Solutions, Inc

Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods Instructor: Dr. Maghsood Abbaszadeh Duration: 5 days Course Objectives and Description This course is designed for technical personnel of the oil and gas industry who are engaged or expected to be involved in designing, evaluating and managing Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR, projects. The course is a basic/general course that covers fundamentals and applications of various EOR methods. It includes immiscible and miscible gas and hydrocarbon solvent injections, thermal methods of steam and air injections and chemical technologies of polymer, surfactant and alkali-surfactant floods. The topic of microbial EOR is also addressed to some extend. CO2-EOR processes are covered in various sections of miscible gas injection to extend the knowledge base of the participants in this important area of technology. The course aims at building an understanding of various EOR mechanisms and parameters, estimating process recovery by simplified analytical and more complex simulation methods, identifying proper input parameters necessary for simulation of such EOR processes, surveying field examples, and drawing from field application experiences. Course Content

1. Introduction a. Prospects b. Reservoir and fluid types c. Recovery mechanisms d. Production schemes e. Incremental oil f. Laboratory fluid tests g. Residual saturations and capillary desaturation h. IOR, EOR definitions i. EOR targets and recovery factors j. EOR Methods

2. Immiscible Gas Injection a. Recovery mechanism b. Fractional flow c. Recovery factor calculations d. Gravity drainage of gas cap systems e. Gravity drainage in naturally fractured reservoirs f. Double displacements g. Foam drive process h. Field examples

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline - EOR Methods (Page 2 of 3) Dr. M. Abbaszadeh (IPS, Inc.)

Innovative Petrotech Solutions, Inc

3. Phase Behavior a. Pure components b. Binary mixtures c. Multicomponent mixtures d. Equation of states, EOS e. Flash calculations f. Examples g. Hands-on-exercise with EOS

4. Fluid Characterization a. Component characterization b. Heavy hydrocarbon fractions c. Splitting heavy fractions d. Lumping for pseudo components e. Example of an actual oil sample f. Hands-on-exercise for spliting and lumping

5. Miscible Solvent Injection Processes a. Solvent properties b. Solvent-oil mixture properties c. Ternary diagrams d. First contact miscibility e. Multicontact miscibility f. CO2 swelling phenomenon g. CO2 miscibility characteristics h. Mixing (diffusion and dispersion)

6. MMP and MME a. Definitions b. Correlations c. Slimtube experiments d. Slimtube simulations e. Impact of impurties f. Enhanced MMP g. Corefloods h. Examples i. Hands-on-exercise for calculating MMP

7. Performance of Miscible Floods a. Microscopic displacement efficiency b. Volumetric sweep efficiency c. Heterogeneity and mobility d. WAG injections e. Hybrid WAG injections f. Field examples and experiences g. Key aspects of field-scale simulations

8. Thermal Recovery a. Fundamentals and properties b. Mechanisms c. Heat losses

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline - EOR Methods (Page 3 of 3) Dr. M. Abbaszadeh (IPS, Inc.)

Innovative Petrotech Solutions, Inc

d. Hot water injection e. Steamdrive f. Cyclic steam injection g. Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) h. In-situ combustion i. Air injection j. Example calculations k. Field examples and experiences

9. Chemical Flooding a. Fundamentals b. Mechanisms c. Chemical surfactants d. Polymer flooding e. Surfactant polymer (SP) flooding f. Alkali flooding g. Alkali, surfactant, polymer (ASP) flooding h. Wettability alteration i. Field examples and experiences

10. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, MEOR a. Fundamentals b. Mechanisms c. Productivity stimulation d. Field examples and experience

11. Screening Criteria for EOR Process Applicatuon a. Oil API gravity b. Reservoir depth c. Oil viscosity d. Formation permeability e. General aspects and cross checking

12. Partitioning Tracers as a Tool for EOR Assessment a. Concept and methodology b. Residual oil saturation determination