enhanced economic activities (contd…)

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WELCOME

Presentation

On

Enhancing Women’s Economic

Opportunities in Transport Investment

Bangladesh : Rural Roads

Presented By:

Engr. M. A. Quader

B.Sc. (Civil), M.Sc. Transport (UK)

Project Director, RTIP

LGED, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Introduction

National Policy & Strategy for Women Empowerment

The LGED

GAD practice in LGED

Gender Equity Strategy of LGED

The RTIP

Activities addressed for GAD – Rural Roads

Enhanced Economic Activities

Institutional achievement

Constraints

Recommendations

Conclusion

Overview of Presentation

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Constitutional provision – Women have equal rights as

man in all spheres & activities of states

Policy statement – Ensure women’s equal opportunity

& active participation in all economic activities for

Women poverty alleviation

Women economic empowerment

Women food security

Political empowerment

Administrative empowerment

Health & nutrition

Housing & shelter etc.

National Policy & Strategy for Women Empowerment

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Local Government Engineering Department

(LGED) is an agency under Ministry of Local

Government, Rural Development (M/O

LGRD) responsible for implementation and

maintenance of Rural Transport

Infrastructure.

The LGED

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Gender Equality Strategy in LGED

Aligned with Government approaches for

GAD - have Gender Equality Strategy

To ensure gender equality & equity in all

operations of projects and programmes,

activities through participation of man &

women

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GAD activities addressed in Rural

Transport – Rural Roads

Stages

Planning

Implementation

Operation & maintenance

Monitoring & evaluation

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GAD in Planning Stages

Dissemination of concept, thought of

project & program ensuring participation

of women groups, members, councilors

or representatives – by information

sharing meetings, group discussions,

courtyard meetings, etc.

Given importance on their realistic

proposals & comments

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GAD in Implementation – Rural Roads Project

Employment generation by involving women labor with man in

construction of roads – earthworks, paving, etc.

Contractors are advised to employ more women labor with fair wage

Involve women as member of Project Implementation Committee (PIC)

Labor Contracting Society (LCS) formation exclusively by women

for small works – earthworks, drain/pipe culverts, material

preparation etc. – Direct payment

Women market section – reserved space with shed for women

traders

Training on shop management

Mainstreaming women in rural economy – encouraging for small

enterprises establishment, Training on poultry, dairy, agriculture

pici-culture etc.

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GAD in Operation & Maintenance of Rural Roads Project

In routine maintenance of roads, tree plantation, tree

caretaking, etc.

Impart on job training about works, awareness/ownership

building & also IGA training

Payment salary by bank with forced saving

Planned for IGA works with saving after end of the project

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Single most Rural Infrastructure Project financed by

World Bank in LGED

It is follow-up of the two

21 Districts

164 Sub-districts

45,000 sq.km

56 million people

Covers 1/3 of BD

Total Cost : US$ 313 million

IDA share : US$ 225 million

Period : 2003-2011

The RTIP

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Enhanced economic activities

Case Study

Methodology

A quasi- experimental design- “before-after” and “with-

without” roads was applied in the study.

- 10 Feeder roads which were enlisted for development & 4

control roads not enlisted for dev. were selected for study.

- A Roadside village & a remote village (2 km away) from

Roads- total 28 villages were selected for study.

- 3 set of Survey – a) Household survey b) Transport survey,

c) Community survey – before & after dev. were carried out.

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Enhanced economic activities

Study revels

- That investment in Rural Transport or Rural Roads has the

following Impacts on Gender & Development

Employment Generation, Improve mobility & Enhance Economic activities

- Increase mobility & reduce isolation of people of the area

- Creates employment significantly by direct employment of

women

- Generate employment in other sectors – Agriculture, Fishery, etc.

- Generate employment by trading, selling & establishment of

small enterprises

- Has positive impact on labor supply by reducing incidence of out

migration of female workers

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Enhanced economic activities (contd…)

Employment Generation, Improve mobility & Enhance Economic activities

- Increased roadside trading/shops – by women

- Increased market access of product & receive higher price

- Female employment increased significantly in manufacturing

sector

- Female labor force increased by 45.2% in the project area, 7.6%

in control area

- Four fold increase of Economic Participation Rate (EPR) in

project area than control area

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Health sector

- Generated female employment in health service

- Created avenue for getting available health service by reducing

hindrance due to poor transportation

- Annual growth rate of female patient treatment by healthcare

center increased in project area by 28.7% against 17.5% in

control area

- Growth rate of healthcare facilities is doubled in project area than

the control area with increased number of MBBS doctors &

nurses

- Contraceptives user’s in project area increased by 9% against 6%

control area


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Education sector

Enrollment & dropout

- Better transportation facilities marked favorable impact

on enrollment of female students

- The growth rate of female enrollment increased 5.7%

than man in project area

Attendance level

- Attendance level even during rainy seasons registered

favorable growth rate of female in project area


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Quality of education

- Rate of increase in number of female teacher is much

higher in project area than control area

- Share of female master degree teacher increased

significantly in project area & declined in control area

Agriculture sector

- Created employment opportunity for female labor

- Inspired for agriculture farming, poultry, dairy & fish farming

– due to reduce cost of transportation & marketing and

getting fare prices


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Impact on poverty

Poverty trends (DCI method)

- Incidence of poverty by Daily Calories Intake (DCI) method fell down

more rapidly in project village than control village

- Proportion of population below poverty line (<2122 K.Calorie) fell from

31% to 16% in project village than control village

Poverty trends by Cost of Basic Need (CBN method)

- Incidence of poverty in CBN is observed much lower in project village

than control village

- Dramatic transition from hard poor to non poor – 6.8% in project village

against 4% in control village

Social value

- Rural Transport/Rural Roads enhanced the social value reducing

isolation


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Institutional Achievement

Strategy, Guideline & Manual Developed

GAD Forum formed

MOU signed with different department/agency

GIMS developed for monitoring

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Constraints

Lack of commitment & education about GAD by

different stakeholders

Lack of due consideration on GAD issue during

project formulation

Inadequate manpower

Inadequate budgetary provision

Inadequate mechanism with resource for back-up

support

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Recommendations

Awareness creation on GAD at rural level

Develop inter-department & inter-donor partnership

on GAD

Proper consideration on GAD during project

formulation

Provide adequate budget allocation

GAD practice in development project should be

mandatory

Adequate monitoring mechanism required on GAD

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Participatory Planning Sessions

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Road Maintenance Work

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Women Maintaining Embankment

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Women in Concreting Works

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Women Market Section

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Conclusion

Let us get together, sit together, work

together, share experience to mainstream

Gender in development approaches.

enhanced economic activities (contd…)

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