English Renaissance English Renaissance HistoryHistory

The Tudor (and Stuart) MonarchsThe Tudor (and Stuart) Monarchs

Henry VIIHenry VII

Henry Tudor married Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of YorkElizabeth of York (daughter (daughter of Edward IV and sister to the two lost princes in the of Edward IV and sister to the two lost princes in the

Tower) He defeated Richard III at the Tower) He defeated Richard III at the Battle of Battle of Bosworth FieldBosworth Field. He forged international . He forged international

relationships with the marriages of his children. relationships with the marriages of his children.

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Second son of Henry VII. After his Second son of Henry VII. After his elder brother, elder brother, Arthur,Arthur, died Henry died Henry

became heir to the throne. He fell in became heir to the throne. He fell in love with his brother’s widow, love with his brother’s widow,

Catharine of AragonCatharine of Aragon and married her and married her against his father’s wishes. Later he against his father’s wishes. Later he

tried to annul this marriage so he tried to annul this marriage so he could marry could marry Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn. Henry . Henry claimed that God punished him by claimed that God punished him by denying him a legitimate denying him a legitimate male male heirheir

I need a son. I have been married for 20 years and my wife,

Catherine of Aragon is too old to have any more children. Who

will inherit my throne when I die?

I spy an attractive lady – in-waiting called Anne Boleyn. If only I could

marry her instead. Will the Pope give me a

divorce?

The Church is very rich. I need money for my

luxurious court. If only I could get my hands on it.

The new Protestant ideas are spreading

in Germany. Princes there are reforming their churches and

throwing out the Catholic Church.

Some people in England like the new Protestant ideas. They believe that the Bible should be in English not Latin.

The Church takes money out my

country in taxes to help build St

Peter’s in Rome. What do I get in

return?

Henry VIII (cont.)Henry VIII (cont.)

When he wanted to marry the pregnant When he wanted to marry the pregnant Anne Anne BoleynBoleyn, Henry created the Church of England , Henry created the Church of England

and banned the Catholic Church from his and banned the Catholic Church from his nation. He also seized all of the property of the nation. He also seized all of the property of the Catholic Church thereby increasing the coffers Catholic Church thereby increasing the coffers

of Englandof England

Catharine of AragonCatharine of AragonKatharine was the daughter of Katharine was the daughter of

Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain. Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain. She was married to Arthur, Henry She was married to Arthur, Henry VII’s heir, but he apparently died VII’s heir, but he apparently died

before the marriage was before the marriage was consummated. Later she married consummated. Later she married

Henry VIII, but they only had one Henry VIII, but they only had one living child, living child, MaryMary. Katharine’s . Katharine’s

later years were ones of later years were ones of persecution where Henry tried to persecution where Henry tried to make her sign annulment papers.make her sign annulment papers.

Anne BoleynAnne BoleynAnne became Henry VIII’s Anne became Henry VIII’s

second wife. But since his first, second wife. But since his first, Catharine of Aragon was still Catharine of Aragon was still

living, many people, especially living, many people, especially Catholics, felt that her child Catholics, felt that her child

ElizabethElizabeth was simply was simply illegitimate. When she failed to illegitimate. When she failed to produce a male heir, Henry had produce a male heir, Henry had

her charged with treason and her charged with treason and witchcraft and executed. witchcraft and executed.

Edward VIEdward VI

He was the son of Henry VIII and He was the son of Henry VIII and Jane SeymourJane Seymour. He was a . He was a Protestant and became king at the age of 9. He was sickly Protestant and became king at the age of 9. He was sickly

(probably consumption) and died at the young age of 16. and (probably consumption) and died at the young age of 16. and during his childhood England was under the rule of the during his childhood England was under the rule of the

regents Somerset and Northumberland, the second of whom regents Somerset and Northumberland, the second of whom conspired to have Edward say Lady Jane Grey should be the conspired to have Edward say Lady Jane Grey should be the

next queen, as opposed to Edward’s sister Mary, who was next queen, as opposed to Edward’s sister Mary, who was Catholic. (Northumberland’s son had married Jane Grey.)Catholic. (Northumberland’s son had married Jane Grey.)

Jane GreyJane GreyJane Grey was the granddaughter of Jane Grey was the granddaughter of HenryVIII’s sister HenryVIII’s sister Mary (the Tudor Mary (the Tudor

RoseRose). ). NorthumberlandNorthumberland wanted wanted control of the throne so he married control of the throne so he married his luckless son Gilbert to the even his luckless son Gilbert to the even

more luckless Jane, and then he more luckless Jane, and then he attempted a coup– trying to steal the attempted a coup– trying to steal the throne from Mary (soon to be known throne from Mary (soon to be known

as Bloody Mary). Jane ruled for 9 as Bloody Mary). Jane ruled for 9 days. When Mary recaptured the days. When Mary recaptured the

throne she had Northumberland and throne she had Northumberland and Jane executed.Jane executed.

Mary I (Bloody Mary)Mary I (Bloody Mary)Mary was the daughter of Henry Mary was the daughter of Henry VIII and VIII and Catharine of AragonCatharine of Aragon. . During her late childhood, Mary During her late childhood, Mary was persecuted by Henry when was persecuted by Henry when he wanted to annul his marriage he wanted to annul his marriage

to her mother. As Queen she to her mother. As Queen she attempted to reinstate attempted to reinstate

Catholicism, and she married the Catholicism, and she married the young young PhilipPhilip from Spain. She from Spain. She

also had more than 300 also had more than 300 Protestants killed. None of Protestants killed. None of

these actions was popular with these actions was popular with the now firmly entrenched the now firmly entrenched

Protestant EnglandProtestant England

Elizabeth IElizabeth IThe red-haired daughter of The red-haired daughter of

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became England’s greatest she became England’s greatest leader. Wily and cunning, she leader. Wily and cunning, she

kept control of England by kept control of England by refusing to marry anyone and refusing to marry anyone and

playing one noble against playing one noble against another– each one hoping to another– each one hoping to marry the Queen. She kept marry the Queen. She kept

religious wars down, advanced religious wars down, advanced exploration, became a patron of exploration, became a patron of the arts, and brought England to the arts, and brought England to the position of world power with the position of world power with the defeat of the Spanish Armadathe defeat of the Spanish Armada

Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots

Mary was the daughter of James Mary was the daughter of James V and destined to be the Queen V and destined to be the Queen

of France. When Francis II died, of France. When Francis II died, she came back to be Queen of she came back to be Queen of

Scotland. The English Catholics Scotland. The English Catholics believed that she was the only believed that she was the only legitimate heir after Mary I’s legitimate heir after Mary I’s

death. She tried to capture the death. She tried to capture the English throne, but she was English throne, but she was

having enough trouble keeping having enough trouble keeping the Scottish throne. Elizabeth I the Scottish throne. Elizabeth I

had her executed…had her executed…

JAMES IJAMES I James I of England was James I of England was

James VI of Scotland. James VI of Scotland. His mother was His mother was Mary Mary Queen of Scots,Queen of Scots, and at and at Elizabeth I’s death, Elizabeth I’s death, James was named her James was named her heir. A Catholic, he was heir. A Catholic, he was known for the known for the authorization of the authorization of the King James Version of King James Version of the Bible, as well as for the Bible, as well as for being the “Wisest Fool being the “Wisest Fool in Christendom”.in Christendom”.