English Monarchs & The Glorious Revolution

Chapter 5.5

Elizabeth I

• Constant conflicts with parliament, usually about money – didn't want to pay for her large expenses

• Divine right to rule

King James I

Divine right to rule Publicly compared

himself to a god Conflicts with

parliamentDidn’t like to be told

what to do Refused to make

Puritan reforms.

King Charles I

Always needed money for his various wars

Dissolved and reinstated parliament to take money

Signed Petition of Right: 1) No imprisonment without due cause, 2) No taxes without parliament consent, 3) Do not house solders in private homes, 4) No martial law during peacetime, but then ignored it

Fines & fees to raise money

English Civil War

Population hates Charles I for imposing fees, fines, unfair practices

Scotland rebels their “new religion” and mounts an army to attack England

Charles panics, needs money for defense, begs parliament

Parliament opposes the king, passes laws limiting the king’s power

Royalists/Cavaliers VS. Puritan Parliament Parliament wins, Charles is tried and

executed

Cromwell

The Puritan’s GeneralAlmost starts a

republic, but creates a military dictatorship instead

Worked with Puritans to reform society

Promoted religious tolerance… Except for Catholics

Charles II

Cromwell dies and the government falls apart

Charles II is elected by parliament

The Restoration begins

Habeas Corpus

James II

Took over after Charles II diedCharles’ brotherCatholic The Whigs opposed James,

the Tories supported him (political parties)

James flaunts Catholicism, appoints Catholics to high power positions, has a son

Protestants panic over the idea of having a line of Catholic kings

The Glorious Revolution

Mary, James’ eldest daughter was Protestant & married to a prince from the Netherlands, William

Parliament asks William & Mary to invade

James II flees to France

William & Mary

England became a constitutional monarchy

Parliament is a partnerBill of Rights Drafted: 1) No suspending of

Parliament’s laws, 2) No taxes without parliament approval 3) No interfering with freedom of speech in parliament 4) No penalty for someone who expresses discontent with the king

The Cabinet

Ministers (representatives) from the major party of parliament made up the cabinet

Led by the prime minister