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＊＊ PrepositionPreposition ＊＊

Preposition＊ Grammatical Meaning

＊ Morphological Features

＊ Classification

＊ Prepositional phrase &

its Functions in sentence

•Word or group of words used esp. before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time, method, etc.

Morphological features:1 form word;

2 not used as sentence element;

3 unstressed when reading;

4 place before n. or pronoun;

5 showing relationship between nouns and pronouns;

﹡The usage of prep. is a matter of habitual practice.

﹡Different prep. with the same word, & the same prep. with different words result in different meanings.

According to:1 morphological structure

2 lexical meaning 形态结构

词义

1 simple prep.

2 compound prep.

3 phrasal prep.

4 participial prep.

5 derivative prep.

6 dual prep.

简单介词 合成介词

短语介词

分词介词 派生介词

二重介词

☆ at, by, in, through, of …

☆ into, upon, without,

within, throughout …

☆ according to,

because of, instead of,

in front of, in spite of,

on account of …

☆ including, concerning,

regarding …

☆ aboard, around, along,

behind, besides, beyond …

☆ from behind,

until after…

To show:

time; place; reason; result;

manner/method; affiliation;

concession; accompaniment

purpose/target;

表示地点 : about, above, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, between, beside, by,down, from, in, into, near, off, on, out of, outside, over, past, to, within,through, towards, under;

表示时间 : at, in, on, since, from, about,

till (until), before, after, behind,

by, within, for, during, around,

past, to, between, near, over,

into;

表示方式、方法 : with, in, by, through, without,

according to, by means of;表示原因 :

from, of, through, for, with,

over, by, in, on, because of,

at, out of;

表示目的、目标 : for, on, in, at, to, against, after;表示所属 :

of, from, out of, with, in;表示结果 : in, into, out, of, to表示伴随 : with表示让步 : after, despite, for, with, in spite of;

prepositional phrase:preposition and the noun or

pronoun after it;

It functions as:

1 adverbial 2 attribute

3 predicative 4 complement

☆The sun rises in the east.

The young man stood against the door.

☆ The book on the desk is Jack’s.

A friend in need is a friend

indeed.

☆ She looks like her mother.

Who is on duty today?

☆ We found ourselves in a dark wood.

Lincoln is seen as one of the greatest American presidents.

Distinguish Distinguish prepositionsprepositionsDistinguish Distinguish prepositionsprepositions

1 表示地点的 in 和 at一般小地方用 at, 大地方用 in 。Doctor Bethune arrived in Chi

na in spring 1938.

arrive at a station;

2 表示时间的 in 和 after in 一般用于将来时after 一般用于过去时中He’ll be back in a week.He returned after a week.

3 in 和 on 表时间区别 in 表一段时间 ; on 表具体时间He usually goes to school in t

he morning.He usually stays at home on S

unday morning. ☆ at night, at noon, by day

4 besides 和 except 的区别besides “ 除了…以外，还有”except “ 只有…除外”Besides Mr. Brown, we also went to

see the film. （布朗先生也去了）Except Mr. Brown, we went to see th

e film. （布朗先生没去）

＊ beside “ 在…旁边”Come and sit beside me.＊ except for 表示除去整体中的一部分。The composition is very good except

for a few spelling mistakes.

The village is quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.

except that 后加从句：The composition is very good excep

t that there are a few spelling mistakes.

The village is quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods.

5 in, to 和 on 表方位in 某范围之内， to 某范围之外，on 毗邻、接壤China lies in the east of Asia.Liaoning Province lies to the south

of Heilongjiang Province.Mongolia lies on the north of China.

6 above, over 和 on 的区别above“ 在…之上、高于…”表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，反义词是 belowover“ 在…之上”表示垂直之上，反义词是 under ；on“ 在…之上”表示与表面接触，反义词是 beneat

h

•A bird is flying above the wood.

•He keeps his head above water.

•There is a lamp over our heads.

•He put a map on the desk.

Practice for Preposition

Part One: Choose best answer

Part Two: Fill in the blanks

1. The boat is passing ____ the bridge.

A under B through C across

2. We went to London ____ October, 1997.

A in B on C at

A

A

3. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.

A in B at C to

4. ___ the morning of June 27, they visited the Great Wall.

A In B At C On D From

C

C

5. My room is ___ the third floor.

A at B on C in D to

6. They will leave a week ____ today.

A from B on C by D for

B

A

7. My aunt has worked in a clinic _____ 1949.

A after B before C till D since

8. The sewing machine is made _____ China.

A of B on C in D from

D

C

9. His father will be back from London _____ a few days.

A since B on C in D to

10. We need fifteen more people _____ our team to do the job.

A but B except

C as well D besides

C

D

11. My uncle lives ____ 105 Beijing Street.

A on B at C to D of

12. He slept well _____ all the windows open.

A when B while

C with D because

B

C

13. I don’t think you can

finish the work ____

my help.

A since B because

C without D unless

C

14. No one knew Mr.

Benson’s address _____

his daughter.

A except B excepts

C only D beside

A

15. Do you know any other foreign language _____ English?

A except B but

C beside D besides

D

16. They are going to plant trees ____ side of the road.

A on both B in either C in both D on either

D

17. He suddenly returned __

a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

18. We offered him our congratulations __ his success.

A at B on C for D of

A

B

19. If they are determined to strike, they will do so ____ what the law says.

A regardless of

B instead of

C in light of D in face of

A

20. ____ the fact that his

initial experiments had

failed, Professor White persisted in his research.

A Because of B In spite of

C As to D In view of

B

21. We would contact your nearest relative ____ any accident occurring.

A in the event of

B in the place of

C in order of D on account of

A

22. ____ the difficulty of getting

a job, there will be the problem

of finding accommodation in a place where rents are so high.

A Except for B In addition

C Apart from D Other than

C

23. He knows English history quite well, but ____ French history he can tell you nothing.

A regarding B with regards

C as regards to

D as regarding

A

24. It is a well-known fact that water ____ atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

A consists in B consists of

C composed of

D is made from

B

25. ____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A In spite of B Because of

C But for D As for

C

1. ______ modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

With

2. ______ the exception of institutions controlled by church or private corporations, Latin American universities are regulated by Federal laws.

With

3. I have given up trying to convince him; there is no point ____ arguing with him.

4. ____ second thoughts, I have decided to postpone my visit to Japan.

in

On

5. Mr. Smith is looking for an experienced secretary who is capable ____ a sales office.

6. My parents are not interested in modern music. They are ______ the times.

of

behind

7. ______ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.

8. I prefer writing a term paper ____ taking an exam.

Until

to

9. It is said that the bus company will raise the bus fare ____ 5%.

10. The students are very familiar ____ all the works of Shakespeare and Milton.

by

with

11. I forgot where I had put my key ____ the door.

12. Our Prime Minister made a short speech in America _______ an interpreter.

to

through

13. Please write in ink, and don’t forget to write ____ every other line.

14. The children are playing ____ the snow.

on

in

15. Several bridges have been built ____ the Huangpu River.

16. Would you like to add some milk and sugar ____ your coffee?

over

to

17. We usually have a day off ____ Christmas.

18. ____ the event of rain, the graduation ceremony will be held indoors.

at

In

19. Students are allowed to participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island ____ regular intervals.at

20. ____ one occasion he helped an old woman who was in danger at the risk of his life.

On

21. He thought it _____ him

to do such a thing.

22. He has been _______ the doctor for some weeks.

beneath/beyond

under

23. You looked _____ fine feather this morning.

24. I’ve always been ____ my guard since then.

in

on

25. I’ve been in to see if I can be ____ any assistance to them.

26. These products are ____ great demand.

of

in

27. Her devotion to her mother was ______ words.

28. She was ____ her happiest in her home on the shore of the Black Sea.

beyond

at

29. What are the major differences ________ British and American English?

30. He was a little gentleman ____ glasses.

between

with