English class 18

Elementary level

Juan José Simón Pérez

learnenglishesol.weebly.com

CONDITIONALS ICondicionales son estructuras utilizadas para

expresar que una situación ocurrirá solo si ocurre otra previamente.

La condición pude ser real o imaginaria, y el resultado puede ser definido o simplemente posible.

Las frases condicionales mas comunes se forman con la partícula ‘IF’. También se sustituye ‘IF’ por: WHEN (la mas común), UNLESS, BEFORE, AFTER, AS SOON AS…

CONDITIONALS IEn inglés existen cuatro tipos de condicionales,

dependiendo de la situación:

1. Zero conditional

2. First conditional

3. Second conditional

4. Third conditional

Se pueden formar otros tipos mezclando los tipos anteriores.

En esta unidad estudiaremos los tres primeros tipos.

CONDITIONALS IZERO CONDITIONALEl ‘zero conditional’ se usa al hablar de hechos o

situaciones que siempre son verdad.

If you have children, you worry about them all the time.

ESTRUCTURA:If + subject + present simple… , subject + present

simple…

When people laugh, they reduce their stress.

CONDITIONALS IExercise 1. Make sentences in Zero

conditional using the correct verb tenses.

1) If I _____ (to eat) too much, I always _____ (to have) stomach ache.

2) When it _____ (to snow), the landscape ____ (to become) white.

3) Mike always ____ (to tell) me the same when he ____ (to be) in trouble.

4) If I ____ (not / sleep) 7 hours at least, I _____ (to have) problems to wake up.

CONDITIONALS IAnswers.

1) If I EAT too much, I always HAVE stomach ache.

2) When it SNOWS, the landscape BECOMES white.

3) Mike always TELLS me the same when he IS in trouble.

4) If I DON’T SLEEP 7 hours at least, I HAVE problems to wake up.

CONDITIONALS IFIRST CONDITIONAL. El ‘first conditional’ se usa al hablar de posibles

resultados futuros de hechos o situaciones.

If I start running again, I’ll be exhausted after a week.

ESTRUCTURA:If + subject + present simple… , subject + will +

infinitive…

If they don’t come within 20 minutes, I’ll go home.

CONDITIONALS IExercise 2. Make sentences in First

Conditional using the correct verb tenses.

1) If you _____ (to continue) drinking too much, you _____ (to have) a terrible hangover.

2) If it _____ (not / to stop) raining, we ____ (to get) wet.

3) I ____ (to buy) a new phone when I ____ (to get) paid.

4) If he ____ (to spend) so much money, he _____ (to have) economic problems soon.

CONDITIONALS IAnswers.

1) If you CONTINUE drinking so much, you WILL HAVE a terrible hangover.

2) If it DOESN’T STOP raining, we’LL GET wet.

3) I’LL BUY a new phone when I GET paid.

4) If he SPENDS so much money, he’LL HAVE economic problems soon.

CONDITIONALS ISECOND CONDITIONAL. El ‘second conditional’ se usa al hablar de

situaciones imaginarias e improbables, tanto en presente como en futuro.

If I had a car, I’d visit a new town every week.

ESTRUCTURA:If + subject + past simple… , subject + would +

infinitive…

If you didn’t call me, I wouldn’t see you.

CONDITIONALS IA pesar de usar el pasado simple, el ‘second

conditional’ nunca se refiere al pasado. El pasado da la idea de ‘imaginario’.

If I won the lottery tomorrow,I’d buy a palace!

Generalmente se utiliza siempre WERE en el ‘second conditional’

If he weren’t unemployed, he would go out more often.

CONDITIONALS IEn el condicional segundo se puede sustituir

WOULD por:

a) MIGHT: hace mas dudoso el resultado. Se traduce por ‘quizá …ía’. If I were a rich man, I wouldn’t have to work hard.

b) COULD: se sustituye cuando hablamos de habilidades. If I trained more, I wouldn’t lose the competition.

CONDITIONALS IExercise 3. Make sentences in Second

conditional using the correct verb tenses.

1) If we ____ (be) rich, we _____ (not / work) so hard.

2) If they ____ (not / come), I ____ (not / be) so happy.

3) I ____ (travel) to England if there _____(be) a job for me.

4) If I ____ (study) more English as a child, now I ____ (can) speak better English.

5) You ____ (not / get) that job if you ___ (go) to the interview.

CONDITIONALS IAnswers.

1) If we WERE rich, we WOULDN’T WORK so hard.

2) If they DIDN’T COME, I WEREN’T so happy.

3) I WOULD TRAVEL to England if there WERE a job for me.

4) If I STIDIED more English as a child, now I COULD speak better English.

5) You WOULDN’T GET that job if you DIDN’T GO to the interview.

CONDITIONALS IExercise 4. Complete the following (first and

second) conditional sentences.

1) I wouldn’t be tired if I _____ (not /go) to bed late last night.

2) If you practice English, you _____ (gain) your fluency.

3) There were here if they ____ (not / break up).

4) If I save money now, I ____ (have) it for my retirement.

5) You wouldn’t be here if you ____ (not / want) to improve your English.

CONDITIONALS IAnswers

1) I wouldn’t be tired if I DIDN’T GO to bed late last night.

2) If you practice English, you WILL IMPROVE your fluency.

3) There were here if they DIDN’T BREAK UP.

4) If I save money now, I WILL HAVE it for my retirement.

5) You wouldn’t be here if you DIDN’T WANT to improve your English.

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERHad better y would rather son expresiones

muy utilizadas en inglés.

No son modales (aquí el único modal es ‘would’), aunque cumplen algunas reglas de estos.

You had better tell him the truth.

I would rather watch another movie.

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERHAD BETTER = es aconsejable (sería mejor

que...)

A pesar de que HAD es pasado, had better solo se utiliza para presente y futuro.

He had better pay today

I had better talk to the boss tomorrow

En inglés hablado se contrae ‘HAD’

I’d better go now

She’d better take a taxi

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERESTRUCTURA:(+) Subject + had better (‘d better) + infinitive…

It’s getting cold, you’d better take a coat.

(-) Subject + had better not (‘d better not) + infinitive

You had better not go out tonight.

(?) (Wh..) + Had + subject + better + infinitive…?

Where had I better go on holiday?

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERWOULD RATHER significa prefiero / preferiría

(prefer / would prefer) dependiendo del caso:

Preferencias específicas:

Would rather = would prefer + infinitive

I’d prefer to take a taxi = I’d rather take a taxi

Preferencias generales:

Would rather = prefer + infinitive –ing

I prefer swimming than running = I’d rather swim than run

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERESTRUCTURA:(+) Subject + would rather + infinitive…

I’d rather stay at home.

(-) Subject + would rather not + infinitive…

I’d rather not play videogames so late

(?) Would + subject + rather + infinitive…?

Would you rather rent a house than a flat?

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHER Al hablar se suele contraer ‘WOULD’:

I’d rather… / You’d… / He’d… / She’d… / It’d… / We’d…/ You’d… They’d…

Si la acción afecta a terceros, se pone el verbo en pasado, aunque suela referirse al presente o al futuro.

I’d rather they went early.

I’d rather we had some coffee before to go.

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERPara comparar entre dos o mas opciones

utilizamos

a) ‘…WOULD RATHER…THAN’I’d rather have tea than coffee

b) ‘WOULD PREFER…RATHER THAN…’

I’d prefer to go out rather than watch TV

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERExercise . Fill in the gaps with ‘had better’ or

‘would rather’.

1) I ____ ____ take a bus than go walking.

2) He ___ ____ save some money for its retirement.

3) You ___ ____ not drink more beer tonight.

4) ____ you ____ buy a car than a house?

5) I’m going to England, so I ___ ____ study English hardly.

6) I ___ ___ you didn’t come late today.

7) Tim ___ ___ pay off all his debts soon.

HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHERAnswers.

1) I WOULD RATHER take a bus than go walking.

2) He HAD BETTER save some money for its retirement.

3) You HAD BETTER not drink more beer tonight.

4) WOULD you RATHER buy a car than a house?

5) I’m going to England, so I HAD BETTER study English hardly.

6) I WOULD RATHER you didn’t come late today.

7) Tim HAD BETTER pay off all his debts soon.

Thank you for your attention!