Crash Course

Part I.Romanian version

ContentsI. Preface

II. Introductory course (the alphabet, phonetics)

III. Basic course

1. Lesson 1. The Definite and Indefinite Articles. Verb to be in the Present

Indefinite. Exercises. Text. ------------------------------------------------------------------

13.

2. Lesson 2. Plurality of nouns. Exercises. Text -----------------------------------------

19.

3. Lesson 3. General questions. Demonstrative pronouns. Imperative sentences.

Preposition of place. Exercises. Text. ------------------------------------------------------

24.

4. Lesson 4. To have and to have got in the Present Indefinite. Possessive pronouns

(nominative - objective). Word order. Special questions. Exercises. Text “My family”.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30.

5. Lesson 5. Indefinite pronouns some, any, no. Construction there is/are. Pronouns

much, many, little, few. Alternative questions. Exercises. Text “My Flat”. -----------

37.

6. Lesson 6. Present Indefinite. Questions to the subject. Prepositions on, at, of.

Exercises. Text “About Myself”. -------------------------------------------------------------

44.

7. Lesson 7. Nouns in the possessive case. Possessive pronouns. Direct and indirect

objects. Modal verbs Can, May, Must, Need. Numerals. Exercises. Text “Roger and

Tessa”. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

53.

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8. Lesson 8. Participle I. Present Continuous. Relative pronouns Who, Whom, Whose,

Which, That. Exercises. Text “Monday Morning”. ----------------------------------------

61.

9. Lesson 9. Past Indefinite. Degrees of comparison of objectives. Exercises. Text

“Sir Peter Parker”. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

68.

10. Lesson 10. Future Indefinite. Imperative Sentences. Participle II. Adverb.

Exercises. Text “Japan 2020” ----------------------------------------------------------------

76.

PrefaceThis manual has been elaborated proceeding from the ever-growing

interest towards a rapid and profound mastering of the English language.

The purpose of the material presented hereinafter is to help those who are

refresh and deepen it. Using this book, the learners of this language will

have the possibility to consolidate and enlarge their knowledge in grammar,

to enrich the vocabulary and to develop writing and speech habits.

The manual consists of the Introductory Course, The Basic Course

and Supplements (20). The structure of each lesson is most user-friendly for

the student and includes: 1) basic grammar material, 2) exercises for

consolidation of this material, 3) vocabulary, 4) texts and/or dialogues.

The supplements contain widely spread language cliches to be utilized

in various situations when dealing with spoken or written English.

In the training process the manual should be amplified with available

CD-ROM programs as well as other texts at teacher’s discretion.

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Alfabetul limbii engleze

Tipar Scris de m]n[

Denumi-rea

Tipar Scris de m]n[

Denumirea

A a A a [ ei ] N n N n [ en ]B b B b [ bi:] O o O o [ ou ]C c C c [ si:] P p P p [ pi: ]D d D d [ i:] Q q Q q [kju:]E e E e [ i: ] R r R r [:(r)]F f F f [ ef ] S s S s [ es ]G g G g [ i:] T t T t [ ti:]H h H h [ ei ] U u U u [ ju:]I i I i [ i ] V v V v [ vi:]J j J j [ ei] W w W w [dblju:]K k K k [ kei] X x X x [ eks ]L l L l [ el] Y y Y y [wi]M m M m [ em ] Z z Z z [ze]

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Alfabetul fonemic =i transcrierea fonemic[

Limba englez[ utilizeaz[ literele alfabetului latin. Persoanele, care cunosc limba roman[ =i s]nt preocupate de studierea limbii engleze, manifest[ tendin\a de a atribui literelor din cuvintele engleze=ti acelea=i pronun\[ri ca =i ]n limba roman[, de=i sunetele vorbirii din aceste dou[ limbi se deosebesc considerabil unele de altele, ]n foarte multe cazuri.

O tr[s[tur[ specific[ a limbii engleze rezid[ ]n faptul c[ ortografia cuvintelor engleze difer[ substan\ial de pronun\area sugerat[ de literele care alc[tuiesc cuvintele respective. Mai mult ca at]t, una =i aceea=i liter[ sau grup de litere deseori reprezint[ pronun\[ri diferite, de la un cuv]nt la altul.

Aceast[ situa\ie a necesitat crearea =i folosirea unui alfabet, numit fonemic, ]n cadrul caruia fiecare simbol reprezint[ unul =i acela= fonem ]n toate cuvintele =i ]n toate pozi\iile ]n care apare ]n structura acestora.

Dorim s[ preciz[m c[ prin fonem se ]n\elege o totalitate de sunete foarte apropiate ]ntre ele, reprezentate prin acela=i simbol =i care tind s[ se identifice cu un anumit sunet considerat ca fiind pronun\area cea mai recomandabil[. Numai cu ajutorul transcrierii fonemice e posibil de redat pronun\area exact[ a cuvintelor engleze=ti. Fiecare simbol reprezint[ ]ntotdeauna unul =i acela=i sunet indiferent de ortografia cuvintului transcris. Alfabetul fonemic nu con\ine litere mari.

Datorit[ faptului c[ regulile ortografice privind reprezentarea sunetelor ]n cuvinte s]nt extrem de numeroase =i, ]n multe cazuri, ]nso\ite de excep\ii, este mult mai u=or s[ se ]nve\e pronun\area fiec[rui cuv]nt ]n parte, utiliz]nd transcrierea aflat[ ]n manuale =i dic\ionare.

Transcrierea fonemelor =i cuvintelor se ]nchide ]n paranteze drepte.

De exemplu: a plate [ ‘pleit]

Alfabetul fonemicConsoane

[ p ]- pie, hope, happy [ ð ]- they, then, other[ b ]- boy, bell, globe [ s ]- see, sat, city

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[ f ]- fine, feel, office [ z ]- zoo, does, is[ v ]-vest, of, have [ ]- she, ship, action[ k ]- keep, can, book [ з ]- usual, garage[ g ]- go, get, egg [ ]- change, watch, catch[ l ]- let, full, little [ ]- June, page, edge[ m ]- man, must, dime [ r ]- red, rich, write[ n ]- no, down, ton [ i ]- yes, you, yellow[]- sing, ring, dining [ h]- he, who[ w]- well, we, one [ t]- ten, tall, cost[ ]- thin, three, path [d]- do, does, sudden

Vocale, diftongi, triftongi

[i]- it, did, build [u]- book, full, took []- where, chair, fair[i:]- me, see, people [u:]- too, fruit, cool [i]- hear, here, near[e]- end, let, desk [:]- her, work, bird [u]- poor, sure, tour[]- can, bad, map [ou]- old, coal, sew [u]-our, flower, tower[Λ]- cup, us, must [ei]- say, they, mail [i]- tyre, fire, tired[:] arm, father, card [i]- dry, eye, buy[]- hot, dog, long [i]- toy, boy, soil[:]- sport, lord, corn [u]- cow, house, now

Literele alfabetului englez =i pronun\area lor

A a [-ei ] B b [bi:]

[b] boy book[ei] [] boatplate cat babygame bag bridgecake map

C c [si:] D d [di:] [d] drug[k] [s] (i,e, y) dayclock city bodycook cycle riddle

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cake facecross cinema E e [i:] F f [ef]

[f][i:] [e] faceme desk facthe pen fiftyshe red factorywe bed fatherbe tent G g [di:] H h[eit]

[g] [i:] (i,e,y) [h]globe page hatget change handgun gym hebig giant herfog him

I i [ai] J j [ei]

[ai] [i] [] time six jugnice big jamlife lift jarfine bill jacket

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K k [kei] L l [el]

[k] [l] king little kettle land kitten bell kite blond

M m [em] N n [en]

[m] [n] moon nine money next many no map nose male never O o [u] P p [pi:]

[u] [] [p] stone hot pencil note pot plan nose boss stop phone orange pocket pole dock price

Q q [kju:] R r[:]

[kju:] [kw] [r]queue queen radio quick rule question ring quit robot risk

S s [es] T t [ti:]

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[s] [z] [t]song please tenstill dogs stopboots pens topsocks walls postsimple computers table

U u [ju:] V v [vi:]

[ju:] [Λ] [v]uniform bus verytune cup voicepupil under vasemusic umbrella vividcute cut W w [`dΛblju:] X x [eks]

[w] [ks] [gz] wall box exam winter fox example will excellent exempt widow excuse wind expect

Y y [wai] Z z [zed]

[ai] [i] [j] [z]type pity yes zoneby system yellow zeronylon baby young zoorye pyramid yesterday zodiac

Citirea vocalelor limbii engleze depinde de tipul silabei ]n care se ]nt]lne=te vocala respectiv[:

Tipurile de silabe deschis[ conven\ional

deschis[ ]nchis[

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silabele se termin[ cu o vocal[

silaba se termin[ cu o

consoan[ urmat[ de vocala e care nu

se pronun\[

silaba se termin[ cu una

sau c]teva consoane

be, me take, note big, ten, milk

Citirea ]mbin[rilor de litere th wh

[ð] [] [w]this thin whenthat thank whythese bath whatthose faith wherefather cloth which

Aten\ie:WH se roste=te [w] ]naintea tuturor vocalelor cu excep\ia vocalei o. Exemplu: who [hu:], whose [hu:z].

ng ee,ea, eo ai,ay oa

[] [i:] [ei] [ou]ring see, sea main, date coatlong green, sleap chain, day coalbring need, neat faint, clay soapsing feed, people late, say loan

ow oo

[au] [u] [u:](la mijlocul (la sf]r=itul too

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cuv]ntului) cuv]ntului) foolbrown low toolcrown crow spoon yellow Excep\ie: now [nau],how [hau] ch al + consoan[

[t] [:] much all chin small inch tall such fall teach talk also as + consoan[ ea + r ai + r

[a:] [i] [] ask hear air past near chair fast grass pass ou + r w + or

[:] [:] four work your word worldDar: hour [au], our [au] ew ou

[ju:] [Λ] new young few country

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dew Dar: group [gru:p]Tabelul general de citire a consoanelor

Litera Denumirea Sunetele redate ExempleB bC c

D dF fG g

H hJ jK kL lM mN nP pQ qR rS sT tV vW wX x

Z z

[bi:][si:]

[di:][ef][i:]

[ei][ei][kei][el][em][en][pi:][kju:][a:][es][ti:][vi:]

[`dΛblju:][eks]

[zed]

[b][s]- (i, e, y)

[k][d][f]

[]- (i, e, y,)[g]

[h][][k][l][m][n][p]

[kw][r][s][t][v][w][ks][gz][z]

bed, badface, cinema,cycle

cat, cup, clock dog, dentistfriend, force

large, giant, gymgun, go, glad

dar:get, girl, givehe, hat, horse

jim, jambook, kettlelamp, list

my, must, seemnine, next

pot, pen, poemquite, quickred, Romeyes, systemtrain, tradevoice, fivewell, winefox, box

exemption, examinesize, zone

Citirea ]mbin[rilor de litere}mbin[ri de consoane

}mbinare

Sunet Exemplu

}mbinare

Sunet Exemplu

shchth

[s][][][ð]

shelfchessthinthis

ckngwh

[k][][w][h]

blocksongwhenwho

Consoane nerostite

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}mbinare

Pronun-\are

Exemplu

}mbinare

Pronun-\are

Exemplu

whwhighalk

[w][h][ai][:k]

what, whywhomhightalk

knwrgn

[n][r][n]

knowwrongsign

Tabelul general de citire a vocalelor

Tipuri

de silabe

LiteraI

deschis[ =i conven\

io-nal[

II ]nchis[ III litera R dup[ cons

oan[

IV litera R ]ntre

vocale

a [ei] plate [] lamp [a:] car [] caree [i:] he [e] ten [:] her [i] hereo [ou] no [] not [:] sport [:] more

y, i [ai] my, tie [i] it, system [:] first [ai] tired, tyre

u [ju:] tube [Λ] cup [:] turn [ju] cure

Lesson 1 (one)Gramatic[a) Articolul nehot[r]t.

Exist[ ]n dou[ variante: -a- c]nd cuv]ntul care urmeaz[ ]ncepe cu un sunet consonantic sau semivocalic -a manager (un manager), a young economist (un economist t]n[r); -an- c]nd cuv]ntul care urmeaz[ ]ncepe cu un sunet vocalic: an economist (un economist), an employee (un angajat).

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Se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ numai cu substantive la singular =i dispare odat[ cu trecerea substantivului respectiv la plural:

a manager - managersan employee - employees

De obicei se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ ]naintea substantivelor cu sau f[r[ determinative, care denumesc o profesie, o meserie, na\ionalitatea, precum =i ]naintea substantivelor man, woman, child etc.

I am an economist (Eu s]nt economist)He is a tailor (El este croitor)She is a Moldavian (Ea este moldoveanc[)I am a man (Eu s]nt b[rbat)She is a woman (Ea este femeie)He is a child (El este copil)

b) Articolul hot[r]t -the- de asemenea se a=eaz[ ]naintea substantivului pe care ]l determin[: the manager - managerul.Se cite=te [ð] c]nd cuv]ntul care urmeaz[ ]ncepe cu un sunet consonantic sau semivocalic: the book - cartea; the yellow book - cartea galben[.

Se cite=te [ði] c]nd cuv]ntul care urmeaz[ ]ncepe cu un sunet vocalic: the economist, the engineer.

Are aceea=i form[, indiferent de genul, cazul =i num[rul substantivului pe care ]l determin[: the man - the men the woman - the women the book - the books

Se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ c]nd obiectul determinat este deja cunoscut din context sau din convorbirea precedent[:

I have a pen (Eu am un stilou)The pen is black (Stiloul este negru)

c) Verbul to be (a fi) la Prezentul Simplu.

Afirmativ Interogativ NegativI amYou areHe, She, It is

Am IAre You He

I am not You are notHe

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WeYou areThey

Is She It WeAre You They

She is notIt WeYou are notThey

De men\ionat: }n special ]n limba vorbit[, dar tot mai des =i ]n cea scris[, s]nt folosite formele reduse.

Afirmativ NegativI’mYou’reHe’sShe’sIt’sWe’reYou’reThey’re

I’m notYou’re not/You aren’tHe’s not/He isn’tShe’s not/She isn’tIt’s not/It isn’tWe’re not/We aren’tYou’re not/You aren’tThey’re not/They aren’t

II. Exerci\ii:

A. Completa\i golurile din propozi\ii ce urmeaz[ cu a sau an:

1. My teacher is _____ Australian.2. Mr. Ivanov is _____ Russian.3. Bill is ____ student.4. I have _____ apple.5. He wants ____ ice-cream.6. She is ____ good child.7. This is _____ old car.8. Mr. Brown is ____ Englishman.9. Susan has ____ black cat.10. Ron wants _____ yellow car.11. We have ____ color TV.12. Fred is _____ interesting boy.

B. A=eza\i articolul nehot[r]t (a - an) ]naintea acestor cuvinte.

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1. ____ young woman.2. ____ old man.3. ____ banana.4. _____ easy text.5. _____ big college.6. _____ used car.7. _____ envelope.8. _____ orange.9. _____ university.10. ____ hour.11. ____ exercise.12. ____ difficult exercise.

C. Decide\i care din propozi\iile de mai jos necesit[ articolul hot[r]t The.

1. _____ air is good for the health.2. _____ air in this room is not fresh.3. _____ history is not a difficult subject.4. We study ____ history of Moldova.5. ______ light in our classroom is not good.6. I like to drink ______ water.7. ______ water in my glass is warm.8. ______ people in this company are professionals.9. My daughter doesn’t drink _______ milk.10. _______ milk in my cup is not hot.

Vom men\iona c[ ]n limba englez[ articolul (hot[r]t sau nehot[r]t) nu se folose=te ]naintea numelor de ora=e, state, \[ri, str[zi, persoane, c]nd aceste nume sunt folosite ca nume proprii:

She leaves on Seventh Avenue.Washington is the capital of the U.S.A.Mrs. Johnson is going to Spain, Italy and France.

Excep\ie: }ns[ cu nume de r]uri, m[ri, lan\uri de mun\i =i chiar \[ri, c]nd asemenea nume con\in un adjectiv, se folose=te articolul hot[r]t: The Nile River, the Pacific Ocean,

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the Urals, the United States of America, the Chinese Republic etc.

D. Folosi\i articolul hot[r]t unde este necesar:

1. They intend to visit ________ Brazil.2. She wants to visit ________ Dominican Republic.3. _______ Pruth River lies between ________ Romania and ______ Moldova.4. ______ Soviet Union was a country with central planning.5. ______ Atlantic Ocean lies between _______ Europe and ______ America.6. The biggest city of ______ Russia is _______ Moscow.7. We want to spend several days in _______ Portugal and several weeks in ______ Egypt.8. They live on ________ Oak street.9. _______ Rocky Mountains are in ________ U.S.A.10. _______ U.S.A. is between ________ Canada and _____ Mexico.11. _______ Turkey is situated on ________ Black Sea.12. _______ India is washed by_______ Indian Ocean.

E. Completa\i golurile din propozi\iile de mai jos cu forma corect[ a verbului to be.

1. I ______ a manager.2. Tom _____ an economist.3. Michael _____ a businessman.4. Ann ______ a good student.5. Chisinau _______ the capital of Moldova.6. We ________ doctors.7. You ________ engineers.8. They _______ good friends.

F. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos ]n ]ntreb[ri.

1. I am a doctor.

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2. She is an economist.3. You are a manager.4. He is an employee.5. It is summer.6. We are students.7. You are good friends.8. They are engineers.

G. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos de la forma afirmativ[ la cea negativ[.

1. This is a pen.2. I am a teacher. 3. She is a dancer.4. He is a pilot.5. It is cold.6. We are managers.7. They are good friends.8. You are busy.

III.Vocabulary

this [ðis] - acesta, aceastapen [pen] - stiloudesk [desk] - mas[ (de scris), banc[bed [bed] - patin [in] - prep. ]ntent [tent]- cortpin [pin] - boldthin [in] - sub\irenet [net] - plas[big [big] - mareNed [ned] - Ned (nume propriu)pit [pit] - min[tin [tin] - cutie de conserveTed [ted] - Ted (nume propriu)disk [disk] - discpeg [peg] - cuiertest [test] - test, lucrare de control

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milk [milk] - laptesilk [silk] - m[tas[IV: Text

This is a pen. This is a disk. This is a bed. The bed is in the tent. This

is a pin. The pin is thin. This is a net. This is a big net. This is Ned. This is a

pit. Ned is in the pit. This is a tin. This is a big tin. The tin is in the tent. This

is Ted. This is a disk. The disk is thin. This is a peg. This is a test. This is

milk. This is silk. The silk is thin.

V: Lucru pentru acas[ Selecta\i cuv]ntul potrivit:

1. I (am, is) a doctor.2. They (is, are) friends.3. This (am, is) his pen.4. Mike and Susan (am, are) good students.5. Two and three (is, are) five.6. We (am, is, are) businessmen.7. (am, is) Ron a student?8. (are, is) they economists?9. I (is, am) not a manager.10. They (is, are) not in France.

Lesson 2 (two) I. Gramatic[

a) Pluralul substantivelor.

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Majoritatea substantivelor limbii engleze formeaz[ pluralul cu ajutorul desinen\ei - s(es), care se cite=te:

[z]- dup[ consoane sonore sau vocale:

a dog (un c]ine) - dogs a table (o mas[) - tables

[s]- dup[ consoane surde:

a pit - pits a book - books

[iz]- dup[ ]mbin[rile ss, sh, ch, =i litera x:

a kiss (un s[rut) - kisses a fish (un pe=te) - fishes a watch (un ceas de m]n[) - watches a box (o cutie) - boxes

Un =ir de substantive ( de obicei cele de origine latin[ sau greac[) formeaz[ pluralul ]ntr-un mod deosebit de cel indicat mai sus:

datum - datacriterion - criteriaphenomenon - phenomena

Alte substantive formeaz[ pluralul prin schimbarea vocalei (vocalelor) de baz[:

man - mentooth - teeth

Pentru a nu comite gre=eli ]n scriere, este necesar de cunoscut urm[toarele reguli de formare a pluralului substantivelor:

- substantivele care la singular se termin[ cu litera -o, primesc la plural desinen\a -es: tomato - tomatoes;

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- dac[ la singular substantivul se termin[ cu litera -y, iar ultima este precedat[ de o consoan[, atunci la plural -y trece ]n -i la care se adaug[ desinen\a -es: a city (un ora=) - cities;

- majoritatea substantivelor terminate la singular cu litera f(ef) schimb[ aceast[ liter[ cu -v =i adaug[ desinen\a -es(s): a leaf(o frunz[) - leaves a life (o via\[) - lives

Tabelul general viz]nd trecerea substantivelor de la singular la plural

singular plurala pen (un stilou)a boy (un b[iat)a tie (o cravat[)a pit (o min[)a clock (un ceas mare)a boss (un bos, =ef)a dish (un tac]m)a match (un meci)a fox (o vulpe)a man (un b[rbat)a woman (o femeie)a child (un copil)a volcano (un vulcan)a baby (un prunc)a shelf (o poli\[)a wife (o so\ie)

pens [z]boys [z]ties [z]pits [s]clocks [s]bosses [iz]dishes [iz]matches [iz]foxes [iz]men [men]women [‘wimin]children [ildrn]volcanoes [z]babies [z]shelves [z]wives [z]

II: Exerci\ii:

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A. Forma\i pluralul la urm[toarele substantive.

1. One man, three ____________2. One computer, two _________3. One book, five _____________4. One door, four ____________5. One chair, many ___________6. One teacher, ten____________7. One student, several ________8. One blackboard, six _________9. One cup, nine ______________10. One window, seven _________11. One pen, ten ______________12. One problem, many ________13. One tomato, ten ___________14. One city, some ____________15. One box, nine _____________16. One leaf, many ____________

B. Forma\i singularul la urm[toarele substantive:

1. babies -2. volcanoes -3. books -4. trains -5. shelves -6. lives -7. teeth -8. women -9. children -10. foxes -

III. Vocabulary:

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city [siti] ora=on [n] prep. pehill [hil] dealit [it] pron. El, eaNick [nik] Nicand [nd] =iNelly [‘neli] Nelipark [‘pa:k] parcyes [jes] danot [nt] nufarm [‘fa:m] ferm[Kitty [‘kiti] Kitino [nou] nuthey [ðei] eipencil [‘pensl] creionthick [ik] grosbox [bks] cutietie [tai] cravat[red [red] ro=u, ro=iepie [pai] chifl[hot [ht] fierbinteice [ais] ghea\[nice [nais] pl[cut, dr[gu\clock [‘clck] ceas (de=tept[tor de

perete)

IV:Text

This is a city. The city is on a hill. It is a big city. Nick and Nelly are in the city. Nick is in the park. Nelly and Nick are in the park.

This is not a city. This is a farm. The farm is big. Are Ned and Kitty in the farm? No, they are not. They are in the city.

The pens and the pencils are on the desks. Are they thick? The pencils are thick and the pens are thin. Are they in the boxes? The pens are in the boxes, the pencils are on the desks.

This is a tie. This is a red tie. It is a thin, silk tie. Is the red tie on the peg? No, it isn’t. It is in the box.

This is a pie. The pies are hot. The milk is hot. The ice is not hot. The boxes are big. The farms are nice.

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Are the clocks big? Yes, they are, Are the houses big? No, they are not. Are the pies hot? Yes, they are. Is this a red pencil? Yes, it is a red pencil.

V.Lucru pentru acas[:A. Aranja\i urm[toarele cuvinte ]n ordine corect[:

1. not, the, red, are, ties.

2. this, big, is, bed, a.

3. London, are, cities, big, Paris, and.

B. Pune\i propozi\iile de mai jos la plural, efectu]nd modific[rile necesare:

1. The hill is big.

2. The pen is on the desk.

3. Is the pie hot?

4. The city is on the hill.

5. The box is not big.

6. The red tie is on the peg.

7. The computer is in the classroom.

8. The book is closed.

9. The student is absent.

10. Is the pen on the desk?

11. Is the program difficult?

12. Is the manager competent?

Lesson 3 (three)I. Gramatic[

a) }ntreb[ri generale.

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}ntreb[rile care se ]ncep cu verbul, se numesc ]ntreb[ri generale (sau ]nchise), se rostesc cu tonul ascendent =i solicit[ un r[spuns scurt afirmativ sau negativ:

Is he a manager? a) Yes, he is. b) No, he isn’t.Are they businessmen? a) Yes, they are. b) No, they aren’t.

b) Pronumele (adjectivele) demonstrative: This, that, these, those.

This is a computer. Acesta este un computer. That is my son. Acela este feciorul meu.These are good books. Acestea s]nt c[r\i bune.Those are difficult problems. Acelea s]nt probleme dificile.

}n propozi\ii aceste elemente servesc ]n calitate de subiect: This is our teacher. Acesta este profesorul nostru.- determinativ: That man is my father. Omul acela este tat[l meu.- complement direct: Give me this. D[-mi aceasta.

c) Propozi\ii imperative.

Se formeaz[ de la infinitivul verbului f[r[ particica “to” =i exprim[ un ordin sau o rug[minte adresate interlocutorului.

Close the door! }nchide u=a!Forma negativ[ a propozi\iei imperative con\ine verbul auxiliar “to do” (a face) f[r[ p[rticica “to” plus nega\ia “not”, ambele preced]nd infinitivul verbului respectiv f[r[ “to”:

Do not (don’t) close the door! Nu ]nchide u=a!

d) Prepozi\ii de loc.

Prepozi\iile on(pe), in(]n), at(la, l]ng[), under(sub) s]nt prepozi\ii care indic[ locul afl[rii unui sau mai multor obiecte:

The book is on the desk. Cartea este pe mas[.The book is in the box. Cartea este ]n cutie.

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The book is under the chair. Cartea este sub mas[.The chairs are at the table. Scaunele s]nt l]ng[ mas[.

II: Exerci\ii:

A. Da\i r[spunsuri afirmative sau negative la urm[toarele ]ntreb[ri generale.

1. Is Paris in France?2. Are London and Liverpool in England?3. Is Moldova’s economy prospering?4. Are Maradona and Pele football players?5. Is Bill Clinton the President of the USA?6. Is M. Gorbaciov the President of Russia?7. Is English a Difficult language?8. Are people happy in America?9. Is Madrid the capital of Spain?10. Are Japanese hard-working people?

B. Transorma\i urm[toarele propozi\ii la plural:

1. This is a car.2. That is a computer.3. This is not my pen.4. That is not his book.5. Is this man a teacher?6. Is this boy your son?

C. Alc[tui\i ]ntreb[ri pentru urm[toarele r[spunsuri:

1. No, that computer is not new.2. No, they are not thick.3. Yes, Washington is a big city.4. Yes, these bags are black.5. No, those ties are not red.6. No, the book is not in the desk.

D. Forma\i propozi\ii imperative:

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1. to take the red cup; 2. Not to stand up; 3. Not to stand at the table; 4.to read this text, please; 5. Not to translate those texts; 6. To take these red bags; 7. Not to make mistakes; 8. Not to speak Romanian or Russian at the lesson; 9. To learn to use the computer; 10. Not to miss the train; 11. To speak English at the lesson; 12. Not to be late for work.

E. Competa\i golurile din propozi\iile de mai jos cu verbul “to be” la forma respectiv[:

1. These cups ________ red. They _____ very nice.2. The black bag ________ under the shelf.3. Those ______ lamps. They _______ on the table.4. Mr. Smith ________ a teacher. He _______ at the lesson.5. I ______ at home. I ______ at the desk.6. You ________ Moldavian and she ________ French.

F. Unde e necesar completa\i golurile cu articolul respectiv:

1. This is ________ nice city. It is on _________ hill.2. Those are _______ bags. They are on ________ desks. Take ________ bags please. 3. ________ box is under____ shelf and ______ lamp is on ______ shelf.4. He is _______ teacher. _________ teacher is at ________ desk.5. This is _______ car. ________ car is black. It is _______ nice, black car.6. ______ car is in _____ street. Tom is in ______ car.7. Bill and Nick are _______ doctors. They are at ______ hospital. ________hospital is big. It is in center of ______ city.8. _______ city is very nice.

G. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. Portofoliile negre s]nt mari. Ele se afl[ pe poli\[.2. Geanta se afl[ sub mas[.3. Ia portofoliile, te rog.4. Lampele albastre s]nt pe mas[.

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5. Automobilul este negru. El se afl[ ]n parc.6. Masa cea nu este mare. Ea este neagr[.7. Nu face\i aceste gre=eli.8. Eu s]nt francez.9. Eu s]nt medic.10. Lua\i creionul, v[ rog.11. Nu sta\i l]ng[ banc[.12. Vorbi\i engleze=te la lec\ii.

Vocabulary

cup [kΛp] cea=c[these [ði:z] acestealamp [‘læmp] lamp[large [la:] maretable [‘teibl] mas[car [‘ka:] automobilblue [blu:] albastruthat [ðæt] acela black [blæk] negruthose [ðouz] aceleabag [‘bæg] geant[very [‘veri] foarteat [æt] la, l]ng[his [hiz] al lui (pronume posesiv)under [`Λnd] subplease [pli:z] v[ rogto take [t’teik] a luato do [t’du:] a facelesson [‘lesn] lec\ieto do the lesson a face lucrul pentru acas[at the lesson la lec\ieto stand [t’stænd] a sta ]n picioareto stand up a se sculaKate [keit] Cateato read [t’ri:d] a citi

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text [‘tekst] textto make [t’meik] a facemistake [mis`teik] gre=eal[to speak [t’spi:k] a vorbiRussian [‘rΛn] limba rus[, rusFrench [fren] limba francez[, francezman [mæn ] om, b[rbatdriver [‘draiv] =oferhe [hi:] elPeter [pi:t] Petruteacher [‘ti:] ]nv[\[torYou [ju:] tu, dumneata, voiI [ai] eudoctor [‘dokt] medicshe [i:] ea

Text

This is a cup. These are cups. Is this a red cup? Yes, it is. These lamps

are large. Are they on the table? No, they are not. They are on the shelf. This

car is blue. That car is black. These ties are red. Those ties are black. The

black ties are in the bag. They are very nice. Are those boxes big? Yes, they

are. These boxes are red. Those boxes are blue.

Are the red cups on the shelf? No, they are not. They are in this large

box. The box is on the table. Tom is at the table. His bag is under the table.

Please take the bag Tom and do the lessons.

This is a bag. It is under the shelf. Please take it, Nick. Stand up,

Kate, and read the text. Don’t make mistakes. Please don’t speak Romanian

or Russian at the lesson. Stand up, Nick. Read the text, please. Don’t read

the French text. Read the English text.

This man is a driver. He is in the car. Peter is a teacher. He is at the

table. Are you a teacher? No, I am not. I am a driver. He is a driver. Are you

a driver? No, I am not. I am a teacher. Mr. Brown is a doctor. Mr. Brown

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and Mr. Smith are doctors. They are English. Is Nelly English? No, she isn’t.

She is French.

Lesson 4 (four).I. Gramatic[

a) Conjugarea verbului “to have” =i expresiei “to have got” la timpul Prezentul Simplu.

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AfirmativI have, have gotYou have, have gotHeShe has, has gotItWeYou have, have gotThey

InterogativHave I (do I have), have I got …?Have you (do you have), have you got he he heHas she does she have , has she got …? It it it we we weHave you do you have , have you got …? They they they

NegativI have not (do not have), have not got…YouHeShe has not (does not have), has not got … ItWeYou have not (do not have), have not got …They

Exemple:He has a black car.He has got a black car. Yes, he has.Has he a black car? No, he has not.

Yes, he does.Does he have a black car? No, he does not. Yes, he has.Has he got a black car?

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No, he has not.

Aten\ie: }n vorbirea oral[, =i tot mai mult =i mai mult ]n cea scris[, ]n loc de has not, does not have, has not got se folose=te forma redus[ hasn’t, doesn’t have, hasn’t got.

b) Pronumele personale la cazurile nominativ =i obiectiv:

I (eu) Me (mie, pe mine)You (tu, dumneata) You (\ie, pe tine)He (el) Him (lui, pe el)She (ea) Her (ei, pe ea)It ItWe (noi) Us (nou[, pe noi)You (voi) You (vou[, pe voi)They (ei) Them (lor, pe ei)

Aten\ie: La cazul nominativ pronumele personale se folosesc numai ]n calitate de subiect:Exemplu: She is an economist. Ea este economist.

La cazul obiectiv aceste pronume se folosesc ]n calitate de complement:Exemplu: i) I meet her every day. (O ]nt]lnesc pe ea ]n fiecare zi.)ii) Give her this book. (Da\i-i ei aceast[ carte.)

c) Ordinea cuvintelor ]n propozi\ia englez[. }ntreb[ri generale =i speciale.

i. Propozi\ia englez[ se caracterizeaz[ printr-o ordine relativ rigid[ a par\ilor (cuvintelor) care o alc[tuiesc. Astfel, ]n propozi\ia afirmativ[ subiectul totdeauna preced[ predicatul:

The car has four wheels. (Automobilul are patru ro\i.)

}n propozi\ia interogativ[ verbul totdeauna preced[ subiectul:

Has the car four wheels? (Are automobilul patru ro\i?)Is Tom a doctor? (Tom e medic?)

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ii) Asemenea ]ntreb[ri, adic[ care ]ncep cu verbul, se numesc generale. Ele se rostesc cu tonul ascendent =i r[spunsul este scurt afirmativ sau negativ:

Is she a teacher? a) Yes, she is. b) No, she isn’t.Does he have a sister? a) Yes, he does. b) No, he doesn’t.Have they got much work? a) Yes, they have. b) No, they, haven’t.

iii) }ntreb[rile care ]ncep cu cuvintele interogative ca Who(cine), What(ce), When(c]nd), Where(unde), How(cum), etc. se numesc ]ntreb[ri speciale. Ele se rostesc cu un ton descendent =i necesit[ un r[spuns complet:

Who is he? (Cine este el?) He is Peter. (El este Petru.)What is Peter? (Ce este Petru?) He is a doctor. (El este medic.)

II. Exerci\ii:

A. Conjuga\i propozi\iile de mai jos la formele afirmativ[, interogativ[, negativ[:

i. I have a car.ii. I have got a car.

B. Citi\i propozi\iile de mai jos cu intona\ia respectiv[:

1. Has Kitty a big bag?2. Have they got children?3. How many children do they have?4. What have they on their desk?5. Who has many problems?6. Has he got a red car?7. Is she at school?8. How old is her son?9. Is Mike a doctor?10. What is Peter?11. Where is Tom?12. Does she have a family?

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C. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos ]n ]ntreb[ri generale:

1. It is a new pen.2. She is a dentist.3. I am a teacher.4. We are doctors.5. We have much work.6. She has got many English books.7. They have got many problems.8. He has a sister.9. Tom is at school.10. Nick and Nelly are friends.

D. Pune\i ]ntreb[ri speciale la cuvintele eviden\iate:

1. I have a new car. (3)

2. My sister is twenty. (2)

3. The teacher is at the desk. (2)

4. Bill has five English books. (3)

5. Mike has two sisters and one brother. (3)

E. Forma\i propozi\ii dup[ urm[toarele modele:i. The car is new. - What kind of car is it?ii. The boxes are old. - What kind of boxes are they?

1. The tent is big. 2. The silk is thin. 3. This doctor is very good. 4. The problems are complex. 5. The cities are big. 6. Paris is a large city. 7. The computer is new. 8. The software is easy. 9. English is important. 10. She is a famous dancer.

F. Traduce\i ]n englez[.

1. Domnul Brown are doi copii. Ei s]nt elevi. Ei se afl[ la =coal[. 2. So\ia mea e medic. Ea nu e acas[. Ea e la spital. 3. B[rba\ii ace=tia s]nt =oferi. Ei au automobile vechi. 4. Eu am o familie mare. Noi s]ntem cinci. 5. Ce este aceasta?

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Aceasta este o carte. Ce fel de carte este aceasta? Aceasta este o carte englez[. Unde este cartea? Ea este pe mas[. 6. Cine este femeia aceasta? Aceasta este sora mea. Ea e ]nv[\[toare? Nu, ea este medic. 7. Cine este omul acesta? (de profesie) El este =ofer. 8. C]\i ani ave\i? Eu am dou[zeci de ani. 9. C]te surori ave\i? Eu am dou[ surori. 10. C]\i copii are d-l Smith? El are patru copii.

III.Vocabulary

average [`ævri] mediefamily [`fæmili] familiemother [`mΛð] mam[father [`fa:ð] tat[wife [waif] so\ietwo [tu:] doichildren [`ildrn] copiichild [`aild] copilhospital [`hspitl] spitalat a hospital la un spitalnine [nain] nou[twenty [`twenti] dou[zecitwenty-nine dou[zeci =i nou[my [mai] al meu, ale melesix [siks] =asetwenty-six dou[zeci =i =asemany [`meni] mul\i, multefriend [`frend] prietenschool [`sku:l] =coal[old [`ould] b[tr]nhousewife [`hauswaif] gospodin[small [sm:l] micfive [faiv] cinciseven [`sevn] =apteschool-children eleviat home [t`houm] acas[with [wið] cuhow [hau] cumone [wΛn] unu

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son [sΛn] feciorsister [`sist] sor[brother [`brΛð] fratewho [hu:] cinewhat [wt] cewhere [w] undechair [`] scaunto sit [t`sit] a =edeato sit down [`daun] a se a=eza

IV. My Family

I have an average family. I have a mother, a father, a wife and two

children. I am a manager. I am twenty-nine. My wife is twenty-six. She is a

teacher. She has many friends at school. My father is a driver. He is not very

old. My mother is a housewife. My children are small. Nick is five and Kate

is seven. They are not school-children. They are at home with my mother.

We are six.

How old are you? I am twenty-six. Have you a large family? Yes, I

have. Have you many children? No, I haven’t. How many children have

you? I have one. I have a son.

Has Nelly brothers and sisters? No, she has no brothers and no sisters.

Who is your sister? Mary Brown is my sister. What is she? She is a

doctor. Who is your brother? Tom is.

What is this? This is my bag. What kind of bag is it? It is a good bag.

Where is the bag? It is under the table. What kind of TV is this? It is a color

TV.

Notes to the text:1. “How old are you?” - “I am twenty.”

“C]\i ani ave\i?” - “Dou[zeci.”2. “Who are you?” - “I am Nick..”

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“Cine s]nte\i?” - “Eu s]nt Nick.”3. “What are you?” - “I am a doctor.”

“ Ce s]nte\i?” - “Eu s]nt medic.”4. “What kind of doctor are you?” - “I am a dentist.”

“Ce fel de medic s]nte\i?” - “Eu s]nt dentist.”

Lesson 5 (five)I. Gramatic[

a) Pronumele nehot[r]te SOME, ANY, NO.

Pronumele nehot[r]t SOME (ceva, ni=te, oleac[, pu\in([),etc.) determin[ at]t substantivele animate, c]t =i cele inanimate:

I have some friends in Vienna.Am c]\iva prieteni la Viena.He has some problems to solve.

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El are de rezolvat c]teva probleme.

De obicei acest pronume se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ cu substantive la plural, ]ns[ el deasemenea determin[ =i substantive ]ntrebuin\ate numai la singular:

Give me some milk, please.D[-mi oleac[ de lapte, te rog.

Mai ales acest pronume se ]nt]lne=te ]n propozi\ii afirmative. }ns[ c]nd se exprim[ o rug[minte sau o ofert[, el se folose=te =i ]n propozi\ii interogative:

Will you have some more coffee?Mai dori\i (]nc[) cafea?

Pronumele ANY se folose=te, de obicei, ]n propozi\iile interogative =i negative:

Have you got any questions to her?Ave\i careva ]ntreb[ri c[tre dumneaei?We haven’t any materials on this problemNoi nu avem nici un fel de materiale pe aceast[ problem[.

Pronumele respectiv poate fi ]ntrebuin\at =i ]n propozi\ii afirmative cu sensul de “oricare”, “orice fel”:

You can ask any question.Po\i pune orice ]ntrebare.

Pronumele “NO” se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ numai ]n propozi\ii negative:

We have no French books.Noi nu avem c[r\i fran\uze=ti.

b) Construc\ia “THERE IS/ARE”

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Aceast[ construc\ie se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ c]nd apare necesitatea de a indica c[ ]ntr-un loc anumit se afl[ unul sau mai multe obiecte, persoane, etc.

There is an English book in the bag.}n geant[ este o carte englez[.There are many problems in our economy.}n economia noastr[ exist[ multe probleme.

Forma interogativ[ apare ]n rezultatul schimb[rii locurilor elementelor acestei construc\ii:

Is there a box on the table?Este o cutie pe mas[?Are there students in the classroom?S]nt studen\i ]n auditoriu?

Negativul se formeaz[ prin folosirea lui “no” sau “not any”, care urmeaz[ dup[ “is/are”:

There is no milk in the glass.}n pahar nu este lapte.There is not any car in the street.}n strad[ nu este nici un automobil.There are no problems in my work.}n lucrul meu nu s]nt probleme.There are not any foreign students in our college.}n colegiul nostru nu s]nt nici un fel de studen\i str[ini.

Traducerea ]n limba roman[ a propozi\iilor cu construc\ia respectiv[ deobicei ]ncepe cu sf]r=itul propozi\iei, adic[ cu complementul circumstan\ial de loc:

There is a virus in this computer.}n acest computer este un virus.

c) Pronumele MUCH, MANY, LITTLE, FEW,Pronumele many (mul\i, multe) =i few(pu\ini, pu\ine) se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ cu substantive la plural, iar pronumele much (mult, mult[) =i little (pu\in, pu\in[) - cu substantive

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care nu formeaz[ pluralul. Expresia a little ]nseamn[ “oleac[“, iar “a few” ]nseamn[ “c]\iva, c]teva”:

many pencils - multe creioanefew pencils - pu\ine creioanemuch ink - mult[ cerneal[little milk - pu\in laptea little tea - oleac[ de ceaia few mistakes - c[teva gre=eli

d) }ntreb[ri alternative:

}ntrb[rile de tipul: Is this Tom or Bill? (Acesta este Tom sau Bill?) se numesc alternative. Ele se formeaz[ cu ajutorul conjunc\iei or[:(r)] -sau, =i se rostesc cu urm[toarea intona\ie:prima parte a ]ntreb[rii(p]n[ la conjunc\ia “or”) se roste=te cu un ton ascendent, iar partea care urmeaz[ dup[“or” - cu un ton descendent:

Is this a table or a desk?

Spe deosebire de ]ntrebarea general[, care se pune la ]ntreaga propozi\ie, ]ntrebarea alternativ[ se pune la diferite p[r\i ale propozi\iei:

Is he a student or is she? (la subiect)Is he a doctor or a teacher? (la predicativ)Is he in London or in Paris? (la complement circumstan\ial de loc)Is the festival in summer or in spring? (la complement circumstan\ial de timp)

II. Exerci\ii:

A. Pune\i cuvintele de mai jos ]n forma corect[:

1. are, pens, no, there, the, on, table.

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2. any, are, men, there, room, the, in?3. some, men, table, at, are, there, the.4. cup, there, milk, the, is, in, some.5. there, cup, on, a, the, is, table?

B. Completa\i golurile de mai jos cu there is sau there are:

1. ___________ a boy in the room.2. ___________ a clock on the wall.3. ___________ many computers in our lab.4. ___________ a few French books in the library.5. ___________ an umbrella in the corner.6. ___________ some people there.

C. Trece\i la plural conform modelului propus:

There is a pen in the bag.(5) There are five pens in the bag.1. There is a boy in the classroom.(2)2. There is a chair at the desk.(6)3. There is a computer in our classroom.(7)4. There is a girl in that room. (9)5. There is a window in the room.(3)

D. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos ]n ]ntreb[ri generale:

1. There is a clock on this desk.2. There are three books on this chair.3. There is a calendar on this desk.4. There are five apples on the table.5. There are six bags in the hall.

E. Completa\i golurile din propozi\iile de mai jos, utiliz]nd “isn’t much” sau “aren’t many”:

1. There ________milk in the cup.2. There _________ students in the room.3. There _________ coffee in the coffee-pot.4. There _________ English books on the desk.

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5. There __________ salt on the table.6. There __________ problems to solve.

F. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos din afirmative ]n negative:

1. There is some water in the glass.2. There are some problems to solve.3. There are a few letters on the boss’s desk.4. There are some cars on the street.5. There is some coffee on my desk.

G. Completa\i golurile din urm[toarele propozi\ii cu pronumele much, many, few, little =i expresiile a few, a little:

1. There is ______ ink in the ink-pot. 2. There are ______ cups on the table. 3. I have _______ pencils. 4. Who has ______ ink? I have _______. 5. Give me ______ milk. 6. Bob has _______ friends at college. 7. Have I _______ mistakes in my test? 8. We have _________ problems. 9. They have ________ tea in their cups. 10. He has ________ work to do.

H. Pune\i ]ntreb[ri alternative la cuvintele eviden\iate:

1. He is a doctor. 2. They have many friends. 3. She is a good doctor. 4. We have much work. 5. Moscow is the capital of Russia. 6. The pen is on the table.

I. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. Noi avem un apartament bun. 2. Od[ile din apartamentul nostru s]nt mari =i confortabile. 3. Prietenii t[i au apartamente bune? - Da. 4. So\ia =i copiii mei se afl[ ]n salon. 5. }n fa\a ferestrei este o mas[ de scris confortabil[. 6. Pe ea s]nt multe c[r\i engleze=ti. 7. Este mult[ sau pu\in[ cerneal[ ]n c[limar[? 8. Ce este ]n col\ul od[ii? 9. }n col\ul od[ii este un divan. 10. Ce fel de c[r\i s]nt ]n dulapul de c[r\i?

III. Vocabularyname [`neim] nume

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good [gud] bunflat [flæt] apartamentcomfortable [`kΛmftbl] confortabilthree [ri:] treiroom [`ru:m] odaiekitchen [`kin] buc[t[riebathroom [`ba:rum] baieliving-room [`liviηrum] salonbedroom [`bedrum] dormitorstudy [`stΛdi] cabinetsofa [`souf] divanthere [ð] acoloradio-set [`reidioset] radiocorner [`c:n] ungheralso [`:lsou] de asemeneaTV set [`ti: `vi: set] televizortoy [ti] juc[rieevening [`i:vniη] sear[wardrobe [`w:droub] garderob[mirror [`mir] oglind[writing -table [`raitiηteibl] mas[ de scrisin front of [in `frΛnt v] ]n fa\[window [`windou] fereastr[thing [`iη] lucru, obiectink-pot [`iηkpt] c[limar[ink [`iηk] cerneal[green [`gri:n] verdearm-chair [`a:m] jil\bookcase [`bukkeis] dulap pentru c[r\iEnglish [`iηglish] englez([)book [buk] cartebut [bΛt] dar, ]ns[or [:(r)] sau, ori

IV. TextMy name is Peter Brown. I am twenty-nine. I have a large family. We

are six. We have a good flat. The flat is very comfortable. There are three

rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom in it. The rooms are: a living-room, a

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bedroom and a study. They are very comfortable. The living-room is very

large. There is a big sofa, a table and six chairs there. The radio-set is in the

corner. There is also a TV-set in the room. There are some toys under the

table. In the evening the family is in the living-room.

The bedroom is not large. There are two beds, a wardrobe and a

mirror in the bedroom.

The study is large. There is a large writing-table in front of the

window. There are many things in it. There is an ink-pot on the table. There

is a green armchair at the writing-table and a sofa in the corner. There is a

large bookcase in the room.

Has he a flat? - Yes. he has.

Is his flat large or small? - It is large.

Is it comfortable or not? - It is very comfortable.

Are there two rooms in his flat or three? - There are three.

Is the writing-table in front of the window or in the corner? - It is in

front of the window.

Lesson 6 (six)I. Gramatic[

a)Prezentul simplu (Present Indefinite)

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Acest timp se formeaza de la infinitivul verbului f[r[ particula “to”, primind desinen\a “-s” la persoana III-a singular, care se pronun\[ :[s]- dup[ consoane surde: she sits - ea =ede, he talks - el vorbe=te, etc =i [z] - dup[ consoane sonore sau dup[ vocale: he leads - el conduce, she plays - ea joac[ etc. Verbele cu termina\iile -ss, -sh, -ch, tch, -x primesc la persoana III-a singular desinen\a -es, pronun\at[ [iz]: she kisses - ea s[rut[, he teaches - el pred[, she finishes - ea termin[, he watches - el prive=te, he boxes - el boxeaz[ etc.

i. Forma afirmativ[: I, You, We, They work; He, She, It works ; ii. Forma interogativ[: Do I, You , We, They work?; Does He , She, It work?; iii. Forma negativ[: I, You, We, They don’t work; He, She, It doesn’t work.

C]nd ]n calitate de predicat se folose=te verbul to be, formele interogativ[ =i negativ[ nu includ auxiliarul do : He is a doctor. Is he a doctor? He is not (isn’t) a doctor. C]nd ]ns[ predicatul este exprimat prin verbul to have, interogativul =i negativul se formeaz[ at]t cu ajutorul auxiliarului do : I, You, We, They have (He, She, It has); Do I, You, We, They (Does He, She, It) have?; I, You, We, They don’t ( He, She, It)doesn’t have, c]t =i f[r[ el: I, You, We, They have (He, She, It has); Have I, You, We, They (Has He , She, It)?; I, You, We, They have not (He, She, It has not).

}n majoritatea cazurilor Prezentul Simplu exprim[:

i. ac\iuni obi=nuite sau repetate regulat. Aceast[ repetare este indicat[ prin adverbe =i ]mbin[ri de cuvinte ca: often - deseori, always- ]ntotdeuna, usually - de obicei, every year - ]n fiecare an etc:

We usually disccuss such problems with our manager. Noi, de obicei dicut[m asemenea probleme cu managerul nostru.

ii. adev[ruri generale, defini\ii, reguli, legi, proverbe etc:

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The Moon orbits the Earth. Luna se rote=te ]n jurul p[m]ntului. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Prietenul la nevoie se cunoa=te.

}n rom]ne=te prezentul simplu din limba englez[ se traduce prin intermediul prezentului indicativ:

She plays chess very well. Ea joac[ =ah foarte bine. The last train leaves at midnight. Ultimul tren pleac[ la miezul no\ii.

b) }ntrebare adresat[ subiectului propozi\iei:

}n ]ntreb[rile speciale adresate oric[rui membru al propozi\iei, cu excep\ia subiectului, c]nd verbul predicat este exprimat prin prezentul simplu (cu excep\ia verbelor to be, to have) ]ndat[ dup[ cuv]ntul interogativ urmeaz[ verbul auxiliar do(does), apoi subiectul, verbul de baz[, =i ceilal\i membri ai propoz\iei:

Where do you work? Unde lucrezi? When do you get up? C]nd v[ scula\i? What do you read every day? Ce cite=ti ]n fiecare zi?

Dac[ ]ntrebarea este adresat[ subiectului propozi\iei, atunci verbul auxiliar nu se ]ntrebuin\eaz[: Who speaks French very well? Cine vorbe=te foarte bine ]n francez[?

c) Prepozi\iile ON, AT, OF

Prepozi\iile on =i at pot fi utilizate =i ca pepozi\ii de indicare a timpului. Astfel on se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ cu zilele s[pt[m]nii: on Friday - Vineri; at - la indicarea timpului dup[ ceas: at nine o’clock - la ora nou[. Prepozi\ia of poate =i s[ nu se traduc[ ]n rom]ne=te: the colour of the sky - culoarea cerului; sau s[ se

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traduc[ prin prepozi\ia “de”: He is a teacher of English. - El este ]nv[\[tor de englez[.

II. Exerci\ii

A. Deschide\i parantezele =i folosi\i verbul respectiv la forma corect[:

1. I _____ (study ) very much.2. She ____ (speak) English well.3. They _____ (read) many books.4. Peter _____ (walk) very fast.5. This pen ____ (write) well.6. He ____ (like) coffee.7. She ____ (drink) tea.8. They _____ (discuss) important problems.9. We ____ (get up) at 6 o’clock.

B. }nlocui\i I cu He =i folosi\i verbul predicat la forma corect[:

1. I like football.2. I am 25.3. I have many friends.4. I work very hard.5. I am a doctor.6. I have two sisters.7. I have a new car.8. I live in a big flat.9.I like pop music.10. I drink little coffee.

C.Transforma\i ]n ]ntreb[ri:

1. He eats much.2. Mike walks to school.3. They arrive at the college before 9 o’clock.4. We go to school by bus.5. He takes the subway (metro) to college.6. His first class begins at 9 o’clock.

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7. They finish the lessons at five o’clock.

D. Transforma\i ]n propozi\ii negative:

1. He lives on this street.2. I work very much.3. We have 6 lessons every day.4. They visit us every Sunday.5.She translates many English texts.6. You like French.7. He enjoys reading.8. She gets up at 6 o’clock.

E. Forma\i ]ntreb[ri speciale, folosind cuvintele interogative indicate ]n paranteze:

1. He works in an office. (where)2. She has two brothers. (how many)3.They get up at 7 o’clock. (what time)4. Peter studies German. (who)5. Tom reads books.(what)6. We work with computers.(what)

F. Selecta\i varianta corect[:

1. Peter (speak, speaks) Spanish well. 2. We (like, likes) Paris. 3. She (live, lives)in Washington. 4. These (is ,are) my friends. 5. Don’t (go ,goes) there. 6. They (drinks, drink) tea every morning. 7. He (have ,has) a new car. 8. There (is ,are) one pen on my desk. 9. It often (rain, rains) here. 10. She always (have, has) lunch with me.

G. Alc[tui\i propozi\ii din cuvintele de mai jos:

1. School, Nick, to ,goes, nine, at 2. wife, work ,and, at, I, my, plant, a

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3. not, go, to the Institute ,Sundays ,students, on, do. 4. Nick, at, does, University, study, the(?).

H. Completa\i golurile de mai jos cu prepozi\iile:on, in, at, with, to, of:

1. There is a book____ the table. 2. Nick is ____ the room now. 3.He is ____ the table. 4.Nick works ____ a plant. 5.He goes ____ the plant ____seven. 6.He studies ____the University. 8. ____ Sunday he does not work. 9.He walks ____ the park ____ his wife and children. 10.He goes ____bed at ten.

I. Pune\i ]ntreb[ri la cuvintele eviden\iate:

1. We study English at Aria. (4) 2. My son is five. (2) 3. She Goes to work at 8. (4) 4. These men work at our plant. (3)

J. Comleta\i golurile din urm[toarele prpozi\ii cu articolul respectiv:

1. I am ___ student. 2.We study at ___ University. 3.We live in ___ good flat. 4.My friend lives in ___ large house. 5.___ rooms are large and comfortable. 6.He has many things in his ___room. ___ things are good. 7.______books on ___ book-shelf are good. 8.There is ___ large shelf on ___ wall. 9. My friend studies at ___ University. 10.His ___University is very large.

K. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. }n Washington s]nt mul\i studen\i. 2.Ei ]si fac studiile ]n universit[\i si colegii. 3. Studen\ii universit[\ilor lucreaz[ intens. 4.Ei citesc multe c[r\i. 5.Duminica noi nu lucr[m, iar copii nu frecventeaz[ =coala. 6.Duminica noi ne plimb[m ]n parc. 7.Feciorului meu ]i place s[ se plimbe cu mine. 8.Dumneata faci studii la Universitate? 9.Cine v[ pred[ limba englez[? 10. Unde locuie=te d-l Smih? 11.El nu

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locuie=te ]n Detroit, el locuie=te ]n Denver. 12.El este managerul unei mari companii.

III. Vocabulary

worker [`w:k] muncitorto live [t`liv] a locuito work [t`w:k] a lucraplant [`pla:nt] uzin[company [`kΛmpni] companieboy [`boi] b[iatgirl [`g:l] fat[to go [t`gou] a pleca, a se duceson [sΛn] feciordaughter [`d:t] fiic[to [tu] la(prep.)school-boy [`sku:lboi] elevschool-girl [`sku:lgl] elev[young [jΛη] t]n[ronly [`ounli] numai nursery [`n:sri] cre=[student [`stju:dnt] studentto study [t`stΛdi] a studiauniversity [ju:ni`v:siti] universitateto want [t`wnt] a vrea to like [t`laik] a iubimuch [`mΛ] multoil [il] petrol institute [`institju:t] instituttoo [tu:] de asemenea, preasometimes [`sΛmtaimz] uneoritogether [t`geð] ]mpreun[ to help [t`help] a ajutato rest [t`rest] a se odihnito walk [t`w:k] a se plimba, a merge pe josto play [t`plei] a juca at seven o’clock [`klk] la ora 7to go to bed a se culcaour [au] al nostru, a noastr[, ai

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no=tri, ale noastrequestion [`kwesn] ]ntrebare answer [`a:ns] r[spunsyour [j:] al t[u, ai tai, a ta, ale talebecause [bik:z] deoarecehistory [`histri] istorie

IV.TEXT My name is Peter Brown. I am a worker. I live in Dallas and work at a

plant. I have a family. My family is not large. I have a wife and two

children, a boy and a girl. The boy goes to school. He is a school-boy. The

girl does not go to school. She is very young. She is only three. She goes to a

nursery. My wife is a student at the University. She wants to be a teacher of

History. She likes History very much. I am a student at the Oil Institute. I

have lessons in the evening. I study History too. Sometimes we study it

together. My wife helps me with my History.

We do not work on Sundays. On Sundays we rest from work. We walk in

the park with our children. They play and we read. We go home at seven

o’clock. The children go to bed at nine o’clock, but we don’t. We do our

lessons.

Questions and answers.“What are you?”---“I am a worker.”“Who are you?”---“I am Peter Brown.”“Where do you live?”---“I live in Dallas.”“Do your family live with you?”---“Yes, they do.”“Do your children go to school?”---“My son goes to school, but my daughter doesn’t.”“Why doesn’t she go to school?”---“Because she is too young.”“Who teaches you History?”---“Mr. Smith does.””What is he?”---“He is a teacher of American History.”

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“Does your wife study History too?”---“Yes, she does. She is a student at the University.”“Does she help you with your History ?”---“Yes, she does. She helps me sometimes.”“What do you do on Sundays?”---“On Sundays we rest from work.”“What books do you like to read?”---“I like to read History books.”“When do your children go to bed?”---“They go to bed at nine.”

Lesson 7 (seven)I. Gramatic[

a) Cazul posesiv al substantivelor

Vorbind despre categoria cazului e necesar de men\ionat c[ substantivele engleze, ]n linii mari, au dou[ cazuri :

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i) Cazul comun, care include ceea ce ]n limba roman[ apar\ine cazurilor nominativ, dativ, =i acuzativ ;

ii) Cazul posesiv - genitivul ]n ‘ s.

La cazul comun substantivele nu primesc nici o termina\ie special[. Acest lucru se observ[ doar la posesiv. }nsu=i acest posesiv din englez[ cunoa=te dou[ forme :

1) posesivul sintetic =i 2) posesivul analitic.

Din punct de vedere func\ional ambele exprim[ ideea de posesiune .

Posesivul sintetic se formeaz[ ]n felul urm[tor: a) prin ad[ugarea desinen\ei ‘ s la forma de singular : the boy’s father-tat[l b[iatului, etc.; la forma de plural neregulat a unor substantive : these women’s children-copiii femeilor acestea ; prin ad[ugarea apostrofului f[r[ - s : la forma regulat[ a pluralului : my sisters’ families - familiile surorilor mele ; la substantivele proprii terminate ]n - s: Dickens’ life - via\a lui Dickens .

De men\ionat c[ posesivul sintetic ce ]ntrebuin\eaz[ de obicei la substantivele animate ( vezi exemplele de mai sus ).}ns[ acest fenomen este caracteristic at]t pentru un =ir de substantive inanimate, c]t =i pentru unele adverbe .

Din num[rul acestora fac parte :

i) Substantivele ce denumesc \[ri sau ora=e :

The Hermitage is Russia’s most famous museum.Ermitajul este cel mai vestit muzeu al Rusiei .London’s underground is one of the oldest in the world .Metroul din Londra este unul dintre cele mai vechi din

lume .

ii) Substantivele care exprim[ no\iuni de timp :a day, a week, a month, a year, etc. :After a month’s holiday we returned to our work .

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Dup[ o vacan\[ de o lun[ am revenit la lucru .

iii) Uneori substantivele : ship, boat, city, country, world, mile, etc.:

This ship’s capitain is known to me.Cunosc c[pitanul acestei cor[bii.

iv) Adverbele today, tomorrow, yesterday, etc. :

I read about it in yesterday’s paper.Am citit despre aceasta ]n ziarul de ieri.

Posesivul analitic sau prepozi\ional se formeaz[ cu ajutorul prepozi\iei “ OF “ =i, spre deosebire de cel sintetic ( care, cu unele excep\ii, e prezent doar la substantivele animate ) poate fi folosit at]t cu substantivele ce denumesc fiin\e, c]t =i cu acelea ce denumesc obiecte : this man’s health= the health of this man - starea s[n[t[\ii acestui om ; the importance of this problem - importan\a acestei probleme .

b) Pronumele posesive ( Possesive Pronouns )

Pronumele personale

Pronumele Dependente

posesive Independente

I my mineyou your yourshe his hisshe her hersit its itswe our oursyou your yoursthey their theirs

Dup[ cum vedem, pronumele posesive au dou[ forme ]n limba englez[. Prima form[ se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ ]n calitate de element determinativ ( atribut ), iar a doua - independent, adic[ f[r[ a fi urmat[ de substantive :

This is my son .

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Acesta este feciorul meu .This is my son, but that is hers .Acesta este feciorul meu, iar acela este al ei .Their cars are new .Automobilele lor s]nt noi .The cars are theirs .Automobilele s]nt ale lor .

c) Locul complementului direct =i indirect ]n propozi\ie:

}n limba englez[ complementul indirect, de obicei, preced[ pe cel direct :

He gives her many materials.El ]-i d[ ei multe materiale.Dac[ complementul direct ]l preced[ pe cel indirect,

atunci ultimul este precedat de prepozi\ia “ to”, devenind complement prepozi\ional:

He gives many materials to her.El ]-i d[ ei multe materiale.

d) Verbele modale CAN, MAY, MUST, NEED.Aceste verbe modale exprim[ capacitatea, posibilitatea, permisiunea =i necesitatea efectu[rii ac\iunii exprimate de verbul care urmeaz[ dup[ cele modale.

Afirmativ Interogativ NegativHe can speak French. Can he speak French? He cannot speak

French. .

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El poate vorbi fran\uze=te . He may go home .El poate pleca acas[ .He must go home .El trebuie s[ plece acas[ .

Poate el vorbi fran\uze=te ?May he go home ?Poate el pleca acas[ ?Must he go home ?Trebuie el s[ plece acas[ ?

El nu poate vorbi fran\uze=te .He may not go nome .El nu poate pleca acas[ .He must not go home .El nu trebuie s[ plece acas[ .

Not[:i) Verbele care urmeaz[ dup[ cele modale se ]ntrebuin\

eaz[ f[r[ “ to “; ii) }n vorbirea oral[ la forma negativ[ se ]ntrebuin\eaz[

forma redus[ : can’t (= cannot ), mayn’t (= may not ), mustn’t (= must not ), needn’t (= need not ).

iii) Verbul modal NEED de obicei se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ ]n propozi\iile negative :You needn’t do this work now .Nu e nevoie ca tu s[ faci acest lucru acum .

e) Numeralele ( numerals) a) Cardinale b) Ordinale

1 One [wΛn] (the) First [f:st]2 Two [tu:] Second [`seknd]3 Three [ri:] Third [:d]4 Four [f:] Fourth [f:]5 Five [faiv] Fifth [fif]6 Six [siks] Sixth [siks]7 Seven [`sevn] Seventh [`seven]8 Eight [eit] Eighth [eit]9 Nine [nain] Ninth [nain]10 Ten [ten] Tenth [ten]11 Eleven [i`levn] Eleventh [i`levn]12 Twelve [twelv] Twelfth [twelf]13 Thirteen [``ti:n] Thirteenth [`:ti:n]

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14 Fourteen [`f:`ti:n] Fourteenth [`f:`ti:n]15 Fifteen [`fif`ti:n] Fifteenth [`fif`ti:n]16 Sixteen [`siks`ti:n] Sixteenth [`siks`ti:n]17 Seventeen [`sevn`ti:n] Seventeenth [`sevn`ti:n]18 Eighteen [`ei`ti:n] Eighteenth [`ei`ti:n]19 Nineteen [`nain`ti:n] Nineteenth [`nain`ti:n]20 Twenty [`twenti] Twentieth [`twentii]21 Twenty-one [`twenti`wΛn] Twenty-first 30 Thirty [`:ti] Thirtieth [`:tii]40 Forty [`f:ti] Fortieth [`f:tii]50 Fifty [`fifti] Fiftieth [`fiftii]60 Sixty [`siksti] Sixtieth [`sikstii]70 Seventy [`sevnti] Seventieth [`sevntii]80 Eighty [`eiti] Eightieth [`eitii]90 Ninety [`nainti] Ninetieth [`naintii]100 One (a) hundred [`hΛndrd] Hundredth [`hΛndred]101 One (a) hundred and one (the) hundred and first 1000 One (a) thousand [`auznd] Thousandth [`auznd]1000000 One (a) million [`millin] Millionth [`milin]

Not[ : i) Numeralele cardinale de la 13 p]n[ la 19 se formeaz[ cu ajutorul sufixului “- teen“, care se ata=eaz[ la numeralele respective din primele zece, cu excep\ia numeralelor thirteen, fifteen, eighteen =i au dou[ accente principale

ii) Numeralele ordinale, care denot[ zecile, se formeaz[ de la numeralele respective din primele zece cu ajutorul sufixului “ - ty “, cu excep\ia numeralelor twenty, thirty, forty, fifty .

iii) Numeralele ordinale se formeaz[ de la cele cardinale prin ata=area sufixului “- th “, cu excep\ia numeralelor first, second, third . La numeralele five =i twelve literele finale -ve s]nt ]nlocuite prin “f”; la numeralul eight se adaug[ doar h ; la numeralul nine cade vocala final[ .

iv) De regul[, numeralele ordinale s]nt precedate de articolul hot[r]t the .

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II. Exerci\ii:

A. Folosi\i cazul posesiv, modific]nd propozi\iile de mai jos conform urm[torului model :

The speciality of my sister is History .My sister’s speciality is History .

1. The company of my father is one of the best .2. The sister of my friend studies at the University .3. Take the report of Mr. Kennedy and read it .4. The work of that woman is hard .5. The children of Mrs. Johnson want to study German .6. The aim of this scientist is to make a discovery .7. The problems of these men are difficult .8. The results of these students are good .9. The books of Dickens are very popular .10. The project of these engineers is interesting .

B. Completa\i golurile din propozi\iile de mai jos cu pronumele posesive respective:

1. How old is ______ daughter? 2. _____ brother’s teacher is a man, but

____ is a woman. 3. “Are those books _____” “Yes, they are ____.” 4. ____ company is the most profitable in the city. 5. ____ sister is at school. Where is ______? 6. They like to travel in _____ car, because_____ is very old. 7. Their ties are black, but _____are red. 8. My father is a doctor and _____ is an engineer. 9. Don’t show me _____report, show me _____. 10. Their family is small, but ___is large.

C. Schimba\i cu locurile complementele direct si indirect:

1. She gives me her book. 2. I send the letter to her. 3. They show us their new car. 4. He buys me a cup of coffee. 5. We demonstrate them our Restructuring Plan.

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D. Complecta\i golurile din propozi\iile de mai jos cu verbele modale CAN, MAY, MUST, NEED:

1. “____ you help me with my English?” “ Yes, I ____.”2. You ___all have a good rest this summer. 3. “ _____ I sit down?” “ Yes, you ____.” 4. I _____ study English hard, because I want to read special literature . 5. You _____speak English at the lesson . 6. “____ they go home now?” “No, they_____ because they have much work to do . 7. You _____use this method because it’s not good . 8. They ____worry about it. Everything will be all right.

E. Citi\i si apoi scrie\i urm[toarele numerale:

a) 8,12, 18, 24,29,36,45,57,61,13,99,100 b) 26 de studen\i, lec\ia a patra, 32 de c[r\i, propozi\ia a

=aptea, 76 de creioane, litera a opta, 12 ]ntreb[ri, ]ntrebarea a treia.

F. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. Dumneavoastr[ nu trebuie s[ face\i gre=eli. 2.Eu nu pot citi textul acesta, deoarece nu cunosc limba francez[. 3. Pute\i frecventa lec\iile la universitate? 4. Pot s[ v[ ajut la limba englez[? 5. Eu trebuie s[-mi fac lec\iile seara. 6. Pute\i participa la aceast[ serat[? 7.Aceste c[r\i s]nt ale mele. Pute\i s[ le lua\i.

III. Vocabulary:

never [`nev] niciodat[to see [t`si:] a vedeaany more [`æni`m:] mai multsoftware [`sftw] program pentru computerto earn [t`:n] a c]=tiga salary [`sælri] salariuto travel [t`trævl] a c[l[toricountry [`kΛntri] \ar[Asia [`ei] AsiaSouth [`sau] SudCentral [`sentrl] central([)

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Europe [`ju:rp] Europafuture [`fju:] viitorto hope [t`houp] a sperato sell [t`sel] a vinde, a comercializaat the moment [`mumnt] actualmentereason [`ri:zn] motivto say [t`sei] a spune,a ziceto get to [t`get tu] a ajunge laoffice [`fis] oficiuto leave [t`li:v] a pleca,a p[r[siaround [`raund] ]n jurulweekend [`wi:kend] sf]r=itul s[pt[m]nii

(S]mb[t[ si Duminic[)free [fri:] liberjob [b] lucruadvertising [`ædvtaiziη] de publicitateagency [`eiensi] agen\ieinteresting [`intrestiη] inetresantlong [l:η] lung hour [`au] or[as well [z`wel] de asemeneaSpain [`spein] SpaniaItaly [`itli] Italiato discuss [t`diskΛs] a discutaplan [`plæn] plan client [`klaint] clientGermany [`:mni] GermaniaFrance [`fra:ns] Fran\aGreece [`gri:s] Grecia

IV. TEXT

Roger and Tessa are friends, but she never sees him any more because

he lives in San-Francisco. He works for a software company there. He

earns a very good salary.

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Roger often travels to countries in Asia and South and Central America,

but never to Europe. “In the future we hope to sell more of our software in

Europe. But at the moment I have no reason to travel there”, he says.

When Roger is in San-Francisco, he usually gets to his office at 8.30 am

and leaves around 5.30 pm. His weekends are usually free.

Tessa’s job with an advertising agency in London is interesting, but she

works very long hours. She often leaves the office at eight or nine in the

evening and often works at weekends, as well. She sometimes travels to

Spain and Italy.

“I go there to discuss plans with clients. But my agency also has clients

in Germany, France and Greece. I hope to travel there in the future too”, she

says.

Lesson 8 (eight )I. Gramatic[

a) Participiul 1 ( Participle one )

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Participiul 1 se formeaz[ cu ajutorul sufixului -ing, care se ata=eaz[ la infinitivul verbului f[r[ p[rticica to : play - playing, read - reading, speak - speaking, etc.

Participiul 1 se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ ]n calitate de atribut :

The singing girl is my friend’s daughter .Fata, care c]nt[, este fiica prietenului meu .The man smoking in the corridor is my father .B[rbatul (omul ), care fumeaz[ ]n coridor, este tat[l meu.

sau complement circumstan\ial de timp , de cauz[ , etc.

Walking in the park, I met my friend.Plimb]ndu-m[ prin parc, l-am ]nt]lnit pe prietenul meu .Being very busy, I couldn’t go to the party.Fiind foarte ocupat, nu m-am putut duce la searat[.

b) Prezentul Continuu

Prezentul Continuu se formeaz[ cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar “ to be “ la Prezentul Simplu =i Participiul 1 al verbului de conjugat =i exprim[, de obicei, o ac\iune care se desf[=oar[ ]n momentul vorbirii :

i) AfirmativI am You areHe She is translating a textItWeYou areThey

ii) Interogativ

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Am IAre you heIs she it translating a text ? weAre you they

iii) NegativI amYou are HeShe isIt not translating a text.WeYou areThey

Aten\ie : Verbe ca to feel, to see, to understand, to like, care exprim[ sentimente sau perceperi, c]t =i verbul to be, de regul[ nu se folosesc la Prezentul Continuu :

I like this actor. }-mi place acest actor.He understands me. El m[ ]n\elege.Verbele, care exprim[ mi=carea, ca to go ( a se duce ), to come (a veni ) denot[ o ac\iune care se va efectua ]n viitorul apropiat:

He is leaving for London tomorrow.El pleac[ ( va pleca ) la Londra m]ine.

c) Pronumele relative:

Pronumele relative WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, se folosesc la stabilirea leg[turii dintre propozi\ia principal[, sau un element al acesteia, =i propozi\ia secundar[ atributiv[. Aceste pronume se folosesc c]nd elementul din propozi\ia principal[ determinat de ele este exprimat prin substantiv animat:

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The boy who is playing in the yard is my son.B[iatul, care se joac[ ]n ograd[, este feciorul meu.The girl whom you see in that room is my daughter.Fata, pe care o vezi ]n odaia ceea, este fiica mea.The writer whose book you are reading lives in Canada.Scriitorul , a c[rui carte o citi\i acum, locuie=te ]n Canada

Pronumele relativ WHICH se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ c]nd substantivul determinat este inanimat :

I don’t like the book which you are reading now.Nu-mi place cartea pe care o cite=ti acum.

Asemenea func\ie o are =i conjunc\ia THAT, ]ns[ ea urmeaz[ at]t dup[ substantivele inanimate, c]t =i cele animate:

I know the young man that you talked to an hour ago.}-l cunosc pe t]n[rul cu care ai vorbit o or[ ]n urm[.The materials that I am reading are very interesting.Materialele, pe care le citesc, sunt foarte interesante.

II. Exerci\ii :

A. Scrie\i verbele din paranteze la timpul Prezentul Continuu:

1. Tom --------------- ( do ) his homework now.2. Look ! It ----------- ( rain ).3. I ------------------- ( read ) the Times.4. Kate --------------- ( play ) chess now.5. Peter -------------- ( smoke ) a pipe now.6. Ann --------------- ( write ) on the blackboard.7. The teacher ----- ( explain ) the new material.8. It ------------------ ( snow ) hard.

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B. Deschide\i parantezele =i folosi\i verbele respective la Prezentul Continuu sau la Prezentul simplu :

1. We ( to study ) at college. We ( to study ) English there. Now we (to be ) in the classroom, we ( to read ) an English text. We ( not to make) mistakes.2. We ( to speak ) Romanian at home , but we ( to speak ) English at the college.3. “ You ( to speak ) Romanian now ?” “ No, we ( not to speak ) Romanian now. We ( to speak )English because we ( to be ) at the English lesson”4. He ( to go ) to the University in the evening. “ Where he ( to go )

now ? ““Now he ( not to go ) to the University. He ( to go ) to his office now. He always ( to go ) to the office at 9.

C. Selecta\i varianta corecta:

1. Tom ( prepares, is preparing )his report now.2. Bill ( is walking, walks ) to school every day.3.They often ( are discussing , discuss ) such problems.4. Look! Someone ( approaches, is approaching ) us.5. Peter (writes, is writing ) a letter now.6. Ann usually ( is writing, writes ) letters to her friends at the week-end.7. They always (begin, are beginning ) their lessons at 9.8. When ( do you leave, are you leaving ) for Washington.9. Who (works, is working ) in the garden now ?10. What ( do you do, are you doing ) now ?

D. }mbina\i propozi\iile de mai jos cu ajutorul pronumelor relative WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH conform modelului:

I like the film. The films is on TV today.I like the film which is on TV today.

1. I want to read the book. The book is on your desk.

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2. I know the man. The man is in the room.3. Give me the toy. The toy is under the table.4. Do you like the woman ? The woman is sitting on the sofa and

reading a book.5. The engineer works at our plant. The engineer wants to studay

English.6. I want to speak to the woman. I teach her children.7. I work in the section. The section is the best in our company.8. The man is my sister’s teacher. I always se the man at the library.9. Dell Bradford is a man. Roger doesn’t like him very much.10. Dell Bradford is a man. He doesn’t like Roger very much.

E. Traduce\i ]n englez[:

1. Copiilor le place s[ se duc[ la cinema.2. Unde v[ duce\i ?-Noi ne ducem la =coal[.3. Eu v[d o feti\[ mic[. Ea se joac[ cu minjea.4. De ce pl]ngi ? Eu pl]ng deoarece nu =tiu unde este casa mea.5. Al cui este apartamentul acesta ? Acesta este apartamentul sorii mele.6. Cursurile, pe care eu le frecventez, lucreaz[ seara.7. Locul, unde eu m[ odihnesc, se afl[ nu departe de ora=.8. B[iatul, care cite=te o carte, este feciorul fratelui meu.9. V[ place femeia care prive=te tabloul.10. Nu-l =tiu pe ingenerul al c[rui fecior lucreaz[ ]n compania noastr[.

III. Vocabulary:

Monday [`mΛndi] Lunimorning [`m:niη] diminea\abreakfast [`brekfst] dejunnewspaper [`nju:speip] ziarto listen to [t`lisn t] a ascultamusic [`mju:zik] muzic[shower [`au] du=

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half [`ha:f] jum[tatepast [`pa:st] dup[to put on [t`put on] a ]mbr[casuit [su:t] costumto come from [t `kΛm frm] a fi originar din …interview [`intvju:] interviuto drive to [t draiv t] a merge cu ma=ina la …fast [`fa:st] repedeheavy [`hevi] intensto talk to [t`t:k t] a vorbi cuto smoke [t`smouk] a fumapolice [p`li:s] poli\ieto ask [t`a:sk] a ]ntrebaway [wei] caleto wait for [t`weit f] a a=tepta pebus [bΛs] autobuscold [`kould] frigrain [`rein] ploaiehappy [`hæpi] fericitto get [t`get] a ob\ine, a primi, a c[p[ta …

IV:TEXTMonday morning

It’s half past six on Monday morning. Tessa Saunders works in an

advertising agency. She’s having breakfast and reading a newspaper. The

radio is on. She’s listening to some music.

Richard Knight is Tessa’s boss. He is having a shower.

It is half past seven and James Chen is putting on a new suit. James

comes from Singapore, but he doesn’t live there any more. He lives in

London and he has an interview for a job at ten o’clock this morning.

It is half past eight now. Richard Knight is driving to work. He isn’t

going very fast because the traffic is very heavy this morning.

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It’s half past nine now. Tessa is talking to Richard Knight. They are in

his office. He is smoking a cigar. James is talking to a policewoman. He’s

asking the way to Smith street.

It’s ten fifteen now. James Chen is in Tessa’s office in Smith street.

She is interviewing him.

It’s eleven o’clok now. James is waiting for a bus. It’s cold and it’s

raining, but he’s happy because he has got a job with Knight and Day.

Lesson 9 ( nine )

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I. Gramatic[:

a) Trecutul simplu (Past indefinite)

Trecutul simplu se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ pentru exprimarea unei ac\iuni sau unui =ir de ac\iuni consecutive care s-au desf[=urat ]n trecut. Cu acest timp se folosesc asemenea adverbe =i ]mbin[ri de cuvinte ca: yesterday (ieri), last week (s[pt[m]na trecut[), last month (luna trecut[), two days ago (dou[ zile ]n urm[), etc

}n dependen\[ de forma Trecutului simplu, verbele limbii engleze se ]mpart ]n dou[ grupe: regulate =i neregulate:

i) Trecutul simplu al verbelor regulate se formeaz[ cu ajutorul desinen\ei “-ed” ata=ate la infinitivul verbului f[r[ p[rticica “ to “:

to translate ( a traduce )- translated ( am tradus ). Conjugarea verbului to translate la Trecutul simplu:

AfirmativI, you, he, she, it, we, you, they translated …

InterogativDid I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they translate … ?

Negativ I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they did not translate …

Aten\ie: 1. Desinen\a “-ed” se roste=te : [t] - dup[ consoanele surde : worked; [d] - dup[ consoane sonore =i vocale : lived, played; [id] - dup[ t =i d : wanted, demanded.

ii) Verbele, care se termina la infinitiv cu o consoana precedat[ de un sunet vocalic scurt, la Trecutul Simplu dubleaz[ consoana final[: to stop- stopped

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Verbele, care la infinitiv se termin[ cu “y” precedat[ de o consoan[, schimb[ pe “y” prin “i”: to cry- cried.

ii) Trecutul Simplu al verbelor neregulate se formeaza prin diferite procedee:

a)schimbarea vocalei de baza: to get- got;

b)schimbarea consoanei finale: to spend- spent;

c) schimbarea verbului in intregime: to go- went;

d)p[strarea formei ini\iale: to put-put;

e)p[strarea formei initiale, in rostirea diferita: to read [‘ri:d]-read [red].

Aten\ie: Verbele modale, cu exceptia lui CAN =i MAY, care la Trecutul Simplu au forma COULD =i MIGHT, nu au forme la acest timp. }n asemenea caz, ]n locul verbului modal la Trecutul Simplu se folose=te echivalentul verbului respectiv. Astfel, ]n locul modalului MUST la Trecutul Simplu se folose=te ]mbinarea to have (to):

We had to work last Sunday. Noi am fost nevoiti sa lucram Duminica trecuta.

Conjugarea verbului to be la Trecutul Simplu: Afirmativ Interogativ Negativ

I, he, she, it was Was I, he, she, it? I, he, she, it was not.We, you, they were Were we, you, they? We, you, they were not

Conjugarea verbului to have la Trecutul Simplu. Afirmativ Interogativ Negativ I, he, she, it, we, you, they had

Had I, he, she, it, we, you, they?

I, he, she, it, we, you, they had not

Aten\ie: Formele interogativ[ =i negativ[ ale verbului to have pot de asemenea fi construite cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do (la Trecut -did): Did you have free time yesterday?

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A-\i avut timp liber ieri? He did not enjoy this film. Lui nu i-a placut acest film

b) Gradele de compara\ie a adjectivelor: }n limba englez[ adjectivele nu se schimb[ ]n dependen\[ de num[r sau de caz, ci numai dup[ gradele de compara\ie. Exist[ trei grade de compara\ie: 1) pozitiv,2) comparativ, 3) superlativ.

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ

Adjective mono

=i bisilabice

big-mare short-scurteasy- u=or clever- de=tept

bigger- mai mareshorter- mai scurteasier- mai u=or cleverer- mai de=tept

the biggest-cel mai marethe shortest- cel mai scurtthe easiest- cel mai u=orthe cleverest- cel mai de=tept

Adjective polisilabice

important-importantdramatic-dramaticincredible- incredibil

more important-mai importantmore dramatic- mai dramaticmore incredible -mai incredibil

the most important- cel mai importantthe most dramatic- cel mai dramaticthe most incredible-cel mai incredibil

Excep\ii good-bun

bad- r[u

little- mic

many_much mult

better- mai bun

worse- mai rau

less- mai mic

more- mai

the best- cel mai bun the worst- cel mai rauthe least- cel mai micthe most- cel mai mult

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mult

Constructii folosite ]n procesul compar[rii:1. My car is older than your car (yours). Automobilul meu este mai vechi dec]t al t[u.2. The English grammar is less difficult than the Romanian grammar. Gramatica engleza este mai pu\in dificila dec]t gramatica roman[.3. This method is as effective as that one. Aceast[ metod[ este tot asa de eficace ca =i acea. 4. This book is not so good as that one. Cartea aceasta nu este tot a=a de bun[ ca =i acea. 5. My results are the best of all.

Resultatele mele sunt cele mai bune din toate.

Aten\ie: i) Adjectivele la gradul superlativ sint precedate de articolul hotar]t the;

ii)Pronumele one poate inlocui substantivul ]n procesul compararii.

II. Exerci\ii:

A. Folositi verbul predicat la Trecutul Simplu.

1. He works during the summer 2. She wants to study math. 3. They have a good time during the week-end. 4. We translate texts into English. 5. He closes the door. 6. She is absent.

B.Transformati propozitiile de mai jos ]n ]ntrebari generale.

1. He studied French at school. 2. We discussed all problems. 3. She intended to study biology. 4. They recommended a new method. 5. I elaborated a new soft-ware.

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6. He was very busy yesterday. 7. She had much work to do last week.

C. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos din afirmative ]n negative:

1. I liked this film. 2. We finished our work. 3. He changed his opinion. 4. She had many problems last month. 5. They were in London last week.

D. Transforma\i propozitiile de mai jos ]n ]ntreb[ri speciale, folosind cuvintele interogative din paranteze:

1. He worked in their company. (where) 2. It rained very much last summer. (when) 3. They went to school at 8 o’clock. (what time) 4. Fifteen students attended the seminar.(how many) 5. She came to school by car. (how)

E. Pune\i ]ntrebari la cuvintele eviden\iate:

1. He attended computer classes last month. (5) 2. The man wanted to rest in the park. (3) 3. The children played football in the yard. (4) 4. We went to the University by subway. (4)

F. Forma\i gradele de compara\ie la urmatoarele adjective:

good, comfortable, bad, soft, interesting, little, expensive, efficient, much, reasonable, nice, cold, happy, excellent, economical.

G. Completa\i propozi\iile de mai jos , folosind adjectivele antonime (cu sens opus ) celor eviden\iate:

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1. Moscow is not smaller than Kiev; Moscow is _2. Peter is not younger than his brother; Peter is_3. This problem is not more difficult than that one; this problem is _4. The English book was not more expensive than the French book; the English book was____. 5. The weather today is not worse than it was yesterday; the weather today is_H. Selecta\i varianta corect[:

1. New York is (more large, larger) than Detroit.2. This journal is more interesting (as, than) that one.3. The taxi is (more fast, faster) than the bus.4. This car is ( expensiver, more expensive) than that one.5. My apples are ( gooder, better) than yours.6. Some people are (more healthy, healthier) than others.

I. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. Londra =i Parisul s]nt mai mari dec]t Bonul =i Praga.2. Madridul nu este a=a de frumos ca Parisul.3. Iarna aceasta este tot a=a de frig ca =i iarna trecut[.4. Metoda lui e mai pu\in efectiv[ ca a mea.5. Ieri timpul a fost tot a=a de cald ca =i ast[zi.6. Unde ai c[l[torit vara trecut[?7. Noi am avut o serat[ foarte interesant[ S]mb[ta trecut[.8. A\i vizitat muzeul acesta s[ptam]na trecut[?9. Cine a elaborat metoda aceasta ?

III. Vocabulary: to be well known [`noun] a fi bine cunoscuttop [tp] de v]rf finally [`fainli] ]nsf]r=itchose [`ouz] a alescareer [k`ri] carierabetween [bit`wi:n] prep. ]ntreother [`Λð] alteinterest [`intrst] interessportsman [`sp:smn] sportsmenrugby [`rΛgbi] regbi

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team [`ti:m] echipahome town [`houm taun] ora= natalto act [t`ækt] a jucadifficult [`difiklt] dificilrole [`roul] rolpolitician [`pli`tin] politiciansame [`seim] acela=chairman [`mn] pre=edintelabor [`leib] laburistclub [`klΛb] clublost [`lst] a pierdutelections [i`leknz] alegerito increase [t`inkri:z] a spori, a majoraparty [`pa:ti] partidvote [`vout] votto organize [t`:gnaiz] a organizaa number of [`nΛmb(r) v] un =ir deduring [`dju:riη] pe parcursulbecame [bi`keim] a devenit

IV.Text Sir Peter Parker

Sir Peter Parker is well known as a top manager.He finally chose

career in business but there were always other things he wanted to do as

well.

He studied history at Oxford University between 1947 and 1950, but

he had many other interests. He wanted to be a sportsman: he played rugby

for the Universty team and for his home town.He also wanted to be an actor

and, when he was a student, he acted in a lot of plays.In 1948, he played the

long and difficult role of Hamlet. He wanted to be a politician. In the same

year he was chairman of the University Labour Club. Three years later, he

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was a candidate for Parliament in his home town, Bedford. He lost the

election, but he increased his party’s role.

In 1956, Peter Parker organized a big international conference on

“The Human Problems of Industry”-the chairman was Prince Philip. He

worked as a manager for a number of companies during the 1950 s and

1960 s, and later became well known to the public as chairman of British

Rail. He joined British Rail in 1976, and left it in 1983.In 1978, he was

awarded a knighthood by the Queen for his “contribution to public life”.

He is currently chairman of several companies, including Mitsubishi

Electric(UK) who appointed him in 1984. He was the first non-Japanese to

become chairman of a Japanese company.

In 1989 he wrote his autobiography, For Starters.

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Lesson 10(ten)I. Gramatic[:

a) Viitorul simplu (Future Indefinite)

Viitorul Simplu se folose=te pentru a exprima o ac\iune care se va desf[=ura in viitor. Cu acest timp deseori se ]ntrebuin\eaz[ urm[toarele ]mprejur[ri tomorrow (m]ine), next week (s[pt[m]na viitoare), next month (luna viitoare), next year (anul viitor), in two weeks (peste dou[ s[pt[m]ni), etc.

Viitorul simplu se formeaz[ cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar Shall (la persoana I singular =i plural) =i Will (la persoanele II =i III singular =i plural) =i infinitivul verbului de conjugat f[r[ p[rticica “ to”. Negativul se formeaz[ cu ajutorul lui NOT situat ]ntre verbul auxiliar =i cel de conjugat.

Conjugarea verbului to do la viitorul simplu:I) Afirmativ II) Interogativ III) Negativ I shall do Shall I do? I shall not(shan’t) doYou will do Will you do? You will not(won’t) do He will do Will he do? He will not (won’t) doShe will do Will she do? She will not (won’t) doIt will do Will it do? It will not (won’t) doWe shall do Shall we do? We shall not(shan’t) doYou will do Will you do? You will not (won’t) doThey will do Will they do? They will not (won’t) do

Aten\ie: 1) }n varianta american[ a limbii engleze de obicei se folose=te auxiliarul WILL la toate persoanele singular =i plural. 2) }n propozi\iile secundare condi\ionale =i de timp

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dup[ conjunc\iile IF (dac[), WHEN (c]nd), AFTER (dup[ ce), BEFORE (]nainte ca) =i altele ]n loc de viitorul simplu se folose=te Prezentul Simplu:

I shall go to the party if I have time.M[ voi duce la serat[,dac[ voi avea timp.We shall go for a walk when we finish our work.Ne vom duce la plimbare c]nd vom termina lucrul.He will phone us before he goes to the University.El ne va telefona ]nainte de a pleca la Universitate.We shall present our opinion after we read the report.Vom prezenta opinia noastr[ dup[ ce vom citi raportul.

b) Mijloacele de chemare la ac\iune.

Persoan[,num[r

Afirmativ Negativ Forma scurt[

Persoana II singular =i

plural.

Do it. F[ aceast[.

Do not do it.Nu f[ aceasta.

Don’t do it.

Persoana I =i III singular

Let me (him, her) do it.

Permite\i mie(lui, ei)

s[ fac([) aceasta

Do not let me (him,her)do it.Nu permite\i

mie (lui, ei) s[ fac([) aceasta

Don’t let me (him, her) do it.

Persoana I =i III plural

Let us(them) do it.

Permite\i nou[ (lor)

s[ facem(fac[) aceasta.

Do not let us (them) do it.Nu permite\i

nou[ (lor) s[ facem

(fac[) aceasta.

Let’s do it.Don’t let

them do it.

c) Participiul II

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Asem[n[tor Trecutului Simplu, participiul II al verbelor regulate se formeaz[ cu ajutorul desinin\ei “-ed” ata=ate la infinitivul verbului f[r[ p[rticica “to”:translated (tradus), discussed (discutat[). Participiul II al verbelor neregulate se formeaz[ prin diferite procedee (vezi lista verbelor neregulate): written(scris), done(f[cut), taken(luat), etc. Vrbele neregulate urmeaz[ s[ fie ]nv[\ate pe de rost. Participiul II se folose=te ca atibut =I poate preceda sau urma dup[ cuv]ntul determinat:

The discussed question is very important. Chestiunea discutat[ este foarte important[.

The question discussed at the last seminar is very interesting. Chestiunea discutat[ la ultimul seminar este foarte interesant[.d) Adverbul:

Adverbele pot fi simple ca: well(bine), far(departe), often (deseori), always(totdeauna), =.a., sau compuse, adic[ formate de la adjective cu ajutorul sufixului “-ly”:

bad - badlysudden - suddenlyslow - slowly

Aten\ie: Adverbele simple preced[ verbul de conjugat, dar dac[ propozi\ia con\ine verbe modale sau auxiliare, apoi ele urmeaz[ dup[ aceste verbe: He always gets up at 6 o’clock. El totdeauna se scoal[ la ora 6. They will often visit us. Ei deseori ne vor vizita.

II. Exerci\ii:

A. Folosi\i verbele din paranteze la Viitorul Simplu:

1. John ______ (come) tomorrow evening.2. Susan ______ (go) to the museum with us.3. We _____ (eat) lunch at the restaurant.4. I _______ (see) you at the seminar.5. Peter _________ (speak) to our professor about the homework.

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B. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos ]n negative:

1. Tom will see us at 5 o’clock.2. Mary will study with Susan tonight.3. They will be back soon.4. I shall have a test in June.5. We shall leave for London next Friday.

C. Transforma\i propozi\iile de mai jos ]n interogative:

1. He will meet us at 3 o’clock.2. They will write to us every week.3. Summer will end in a few days.4. We shall return next month.5. I shall spend several days in Italy.

D. R[spunde\i la urm[toarele ]ntreb[ri:

1. What time will you go to bed tonight?2. What time will you have English tomorrow?3. Will you walk to the University or go by bus?4. When will you have your last exam?5. Where will you spend your vacation?6. How will you travel to London?7. Why will you rest in the country?8. When will you know English well?

E. Forma\i }ntreb[ri speciale, folosind cuvintele din paranteze:

1. Tom will buy a new car in December. (when)2. They will rest in the mountains. (where)3. He will not go with us because he is ill. (why)4. We shall begin the party at 7 o’clock. (what time)5. She will solve this problem very easily. (how)6. We shall not be present at the party. (who)

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F. Deschide\i parantezele =i folosi\i verbele propuse la timpul corect:

1. He (to buy) a new car if he (to have) money.2. The company (to increase) its profits after it (to restructure).3. She (to pass) the exams before she (to go) on vacation.4. You (to know) English well when you (to work) hard.5. If I ( to see) her, I (to give) her these materials.

G. Pune\i ]ntreb[ri speciale la cuvintele eviden\iate:

1. He will go to the country next summer. (4)2. She will read your report tomorrow. (5)3. The children will study French at school. (4)4. You will get this book at the library. (5)

H. Traduce\i ]n limba englez[:

1. }mi place vara foarte mult. 2. Vara zilele s]nt fierbin\i iar timpul este bun. 3. Noi vom pleca ]n afara ora=ului pentru a ne odihni. 4. C]nd tu vei veni, noi vom pleca la r]u ]mpreun[. 5. Noi ne vom odihni bine acolo. 6. Noi nu ne vom plimba mult. 7. Noi vom citi. 8.Las[-l pe el s[ citeasc[ mai mult. 9. Hai s[ mergem ]n parc. 10. El trebuie s[ studieze engleza. 11. Tu vei lucra m]ine? 12. Nu, eu nu voi lucra. Eu m[ voi odihni.

Vocabulary

technology [tk`nlI] technologicscientist [`saitist] savantentrepreneurs [ntrpr`n:z] antreprenorito carry out [tu `kæri `aut] a efectuadifferent [`difrnt] diferitecology [i`kli] ecologiebioceramics [bai s`ræmiks] bioceramicăJapanese [p`ni:z] japonezGovernment [`gavnmnt] guvernto spend [tu`spend] a cheltuiperfecture [p`fek] perfectură

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to farm [tu fa:m] a cultiva, a creştefish [fi] peştefisherman [`fimn] pescarto play [tu`plei] a se jucaunderwater [`?ndwt] sub apăto feed [tu`fi:d] a (se) hrănito sail out a sea a ieşi în largul măriicosts [ksts] cheltuielias well [z`wel] de asemeneato be interested a manifesta interesspace [speis] spaţiu cosmictravel [trævl] călătorieguest [gest] oaspeteto arrive [tu `raiv] a sosipromotional [pr`mounl] de publicitateto show [tu `ou] a arăta

Japan 2020

The Government of Japan has set up twenty-six research cities, or

“technopolises” to study new technologies. Scientists and entrepreneurs will

live in these cities, and each city will carry out research of different kind. For

example, in Hiroshima they will study ecology, and in Kagoshima they will

develop new bioceramics. The Japanese Government will spend over $3.5

billion on each city over the next thirty years.

At Marinopolis, in Ohio Prefecture, they are already working on new

ways of farming fish. They hope that one day they will be able to train fish

to come to the fishermen. They will play underwater music to young fish

when they are feeding, and then they will put them into the sea. When the

fish are bigger, the fish farmers will sail out to sea and play the music, and

the fish will come to the nets.

Private business will pay for research and development costs as

well. Japan is interested in space and space travel, and Seishi Suzuki,

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director of the Shimizu Corporation, will build a space hotel. He hopes that

his first guests will arrive there in 2015, and he already has a promotional

video showing what the hotel will look like. His guests will stay in air-

conditional rooms and will take photos of the Earth from their windows.

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