english 2: common assessment #1. literal language def. language meant to be taken seriously and...
TRANSCRIPT
English 2:Common Assessment #1
Literal Language Def. Language meant to be taken
seriously and literally EX. • Life is unpredictable. • The children will not stop moving in
their desks.• My alarm clock needs to be set on
high in order to wake me up.• My backpack is really heavy.
Figurative Language Def. Language that communicates
meanings beyond the literal meanings of words
Ex. Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know
what you are going to get.” “The children are squirming worms in their
desks.” “My alarm clock has to scream at the top of its
lungs to wake me up.” “My backpack weighs a million pounds today.”
Simile
Def. A comparison using like or as Ex. Float like a butterfly, sting like a
bee.
Metaphor
Def. A comparison of two unlike things
Ex. The teachers are angry gorillas.
Personification
Def. Giving human qualities to non-human things, such as animals and objects
Ex. The dog laughed when the mailman ran for safety.
Hyperbole
Def. An extreme exaggeration EX. Teachers always say they have
tons of papers to grade.
Sensory Detail/Imagery
Def. Details that appeal to the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. The details create an image in the reader’s mind.
Ex. The plump, hairless, old man baked a most delicious chocolate fudge seven-layer cake.
Point of View
Def. The perspective in which something is written
Ex. First person, Second person, Third person, Third person limited, third person omniscient
First Person
Def. - The writer uses personal pronouns “I, me, mine, my, we, our”; the narrator is also a character in the plot who is telling the story
EX. Autobiographies are written in the first person p.o.v.
Second Person
Def. The writer is aware of the audience. He uses pronouns “you, your, yours” to speak to the audience
Ex. Persuasive pieces usually are written in the second person to convince the reader to do something
Third Person
Def. The writer tells his position while excluding himself from the arguments using third person pronouns: “he, she, they, them, him, her, one, society, people, a person, …”
EX. In formal writing, authors often write in the third person p.o.v.
Third Person Limited Def. The narrator or author takes an
outside look on the story or writing piece. He uses pronouns “he, they, she , them, their, and so on” to tell the story or offer information; he is telling the story from only one of the character’s perspective
Ex. The reader can only see what the narrator sees.
Third Person Omniscient
Def. This is the narrator that knows everything about everyone—even all of their feelings and thoughts
Ex. Known as the Santa Claus or God-like narrator
Tone
Def. The attitude the writer gives his writing
Ex. The tone can be serious, hilarious, sarcastic, angry, sad…
Mood
Def. The atmosphere or feelings created for the reader
Ex. The author can create a romantic, scary, or humorous mood.
Theme
Def.- The message or moral of the story. What does the author want his readers to learn or pay attention to?
Ex. Johnny Got His Gun, 1984, and Anthem, all have the common theme of individual versus society.
Setting
Def. – The time and place a story takes place
Ex. A story can be set in the past, present, or future, and take place anywhere imaginable.
Plot Def. – A series of events. Plot consists of 5
parts. Ex. Climax Falling Action Rising Action Resolution
Exposition
Exposition
Def. The first part of plot; introduces setting, characters, and conflict.
Ex. Christmas Eve, 14 years old, the boy I like is coming over and my mom is serving Chinese food
Rising Action
Def. – the second part of the plot where a series of events build suspense.
Ex. My relatives are embarrassing me with their lack of manners, and the boy I like is making ugly faces at the food my mother is serving
Climax
Def. The highest point of action in the plot; the turning point
Ex. My dad offers me a piece of the fish’s cheek and I want to die because he calls it my “favorite”
Falling Action
Def. The conflict is resolved in the plot
Ex. My mom gives me a mini skirt I wanted and says I shouldn’t try to be anyone but who I am
Resolution
Def. All loose ends in the plot are resolved; usually, the author will express what should be learned from the experience
Ex. I realize that I shouldn’t be ashamed of my culture
Methods of Characterization
Direct comments by narrator Physical descriptions Thoughts, speech, actions How characters interact
Conflict
Def. The problem or struggle a character or characters face in the plot—they work to resolve the conflict throughout the plot
Ex. A character can be faced with internal and external conflicts
Internal Conflict
Def. A struggle in the character’s mind
Ex. Suicide, depression, guilt, a difficult choice/decision the character must make…
External Conflict
Def. A problem a character has with an outside force: another character, natural disaster, or society
Ex. A character is being bullied, suffers a hurricane, or is on trial for a crime he did not commit
Flashback
Def. The plot goes back in time EX. The movie, The Notebook, is set
in the present time, but often goes back to the past when the two main characters met and fell in love as adolescents.
Flash Forward
Def. The plot jumps into the future EX. In the movie, The Sandlot, the
storyline jumps to future at the end of the plot to find adult Smalls is a sports announcer and adult Benny “The Jet” Rodriguez plays for the Dodgers.
Infer/Inference
Def. a logical guess based on clues Ex. You can infer that the narrator
does not think blondes are intelligent if she says, “All blondes have an IQ of a peanut.”
Purpose (PIE) Def. Why did the author write what
he wrote? Ex.
Persuade Inform/Explain Entertain
There are other purposes for writing, but these are the most popular
Audience Def. Who the author intends to read
their writing EX. If a little kid is writing a Dear
Santa letter, that child intends for Santa to be the audience.
EX. If a politician writes a speech about changing a law, the intended audience are citizens that are old enough to vote
Autobiographical Narrative
Def. An essay written about oneself by oneself; it follows the five parts of plot and other literary elements
Ex. An essay about an embarrassing
moment An essay about your scariest experience
Biographical Narrative
Def. An essay written about someone else; it contains the five parts of plot and other literary elements
Ex. You write about your hero You write about a person who has had a
negative effect on your life
Persuasive Essay
Def. An essay in which the author tries to persuade his audience
Ex. A student tries to convince school
officials to ban uniforms A local government tries to convince
citizens to recycle
Response to Literatureor Literary Analysis Essay
Def. An essay that analyzes literature: a poem, song, play, story, novel, article, and so on
Ex. An essay analyzing 1984’s main theme An essay comparing the symbols
between two poems
Expository Essay
Def. An open ended essay; the prompt usually allows the writer a choice; 5 paragraph essay structure
EX. For instance, you can have your choice of historical events, historical people, rules, characteristics, qualities, and so on, to write about
Business Letter
Def. A formal letter that follows strict formatting guidelines such as 12 font, single space, left alignment, a skipped line between major parts of letter
EX. You could be asked to write a letter to your principal, the president, your local newspaper, and so on…
Thesis
Def. A statement that has the writer’s opinion. It is located in the introduction (usually the last sentence of this paragraph) and the entire essay supports it.
Ex. High school students should wear uniforms to school as it promotes education, offers a safe environment to learn, and builds a sense of community.
Topic Sentence
Def. Is the first sentence in a body paragraph. It contains an opinion that supports the thesis statement
Ex. Uniforms benefit schools as they create a sense of community.
Commas and FANBOYS
Combine sentences with a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)
EX. I like to play all sports, but I don’t like watching them all on T.V.
Semi-colon
Def. Combines two sentences that are related to each other
Ex. I love The Beatles; their music is amazingly great.
Homework sucks; however, I know it helps me learn new concepts.
He is mean; he yells at everyone.
Colon
Def. There are several uses for a colon, the post popular use is when introducing a list of items
EX. This year I am taking five AP classes: AP Spanish Literature, AP English Language, AP US History, AP Psychology, and AP Chemistry.
Dash
Def. is used to create a pause that interrupts a thought
EX. I woke up late and got ready as fast as I could—I can’t believe I didn’t realize it was Saturday!
Hyphenated Modifier
Combines words to create an adjective
Ex. He gave me the I’m-going-to-kill-you look.
She walked around with the I’m-so-beautiful-and-I-know-it look on her face.
Dialogue Punctuation Def. A line of dialogue needs a speaker
tag, a comma separating the speaker tag and dialogue, quotations marks before and after dialogue, the first letter in dialogue needs to be capitalized, and end marks go inside the end quotation marks
EX. Danica screamed across the crowded room, “I love you!”
“I love you too!” her boyfriend yelled back.
MLA Rules 12 Font Times New Roman 1” Margins (Top, Bottom, Right, Left) Double Space Header: Last Name and Page #: Upper
Right Hand Corner of Page Smith 1
Heading: Upper Left Hand Corner of Page John Smith Ms. Jones English 2 12 October 2009