engl 1103 annotated bibliography final 1

7/30/2019 ENGL 1103 Annotated Bibliography Final 1

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Cover Letter for Annotated Bibliography

Dear Group,

This assignment was a bit time consuming, but I found it to be very useful in determining

my inquiry topic. I am interested in food and I feel that doing research on the food we eat and

the regulations in the processed food industry will help me to better understand what it means to

be healthy. I believe that innovations in how food is processed and manufactured has changed

our sense of taste and what we believe is good to eat. I believe that the research and the MLA

formatting was the most challenging, because the MLA format is detailed and it is easy to miss

items. In this type of research, you must make sure that you find reliable and credible sources.

As a whole, I did not find this assignment difficult, but I felt that the reading was a bit

exhausting at times. The summaries were put in my own words to the best of my ability, and I

feel that I picked our the main points of the articles and described them very well. I summarized

my sources and evaluated their credibility, which helped my writing to be fairly organized. I feel

that my sources are thorough and I feel that I included the detail that was relevant to the main

points. I believe that my best annotation is the lengthiest one because it is the most in depth, and

seemed to be the most detailed of my sources. I also have a better understanding of MLA

formatting due to this assignment.

Sincerely,

Matthew Piercy


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Matthew Piercy

Ms. Ingram

English 1103

18 September 2012

Annotated Bibliography

Luning P.A., et al. "Food Safety Performance Indicators To Benchmark Food Safety Output Of

Food Safety Management Systems."International Journal Of Food Microbiology

141.Supplement (n.d.): S180-S187. ScienceDirect. Web. 18 Sept. 2012.

Food safety and the food safety management system go hand in hand with food safety

performance. General laws lay out the basics for food safety and the responsibility that theindustry has to the consumer. There are many food safety management systems, but the question

remains as to how successful/efficient they really are. One way to tell is the MAS principle,

which is the microbiological assessment scheme. This can help determine the safety of food by

microbiological testing. Food safety must be determined both internally and externally byperformance indicators related to microbiological testing. In relation to food safety, hygiene is

also tested with the animals and the employees in/near the animal factories. Some of these

assessments include assessments measuring for E coli and staph aureus. The E coli assessmentsare more directly related to the animals, and the staph aureus tests and related to the hygiene of

the workers. Poultry, dairy, beef, pork, and lamb are just a few of the things that are subject to

food safety testing. Scores for microbiological food safety are derived from certain statistics andmeasured results, thus illustrating their microbiological performance. This source seemed to be

useful as it was very in depth with the microbiological performance assessment. This is a

complicated assessment scheme, as it was difficult to understand at times. I believe that this

source would be extremely useful for someone who was doing higher level research on foodsafety and their health. This source was very credible as the information came from a journal

about food microbiology. The academic conversation with the author is very apparent, and it

helps the reader to be more thorough in the examination/reading of the document.

Stuart, Diana. "The Illusion Of Control: Industrialized Agriculture, Nature, And Food Safety."

Agriculture & Human Values 25.2 (2008): 177-181. Environment Complete. Web. 18

Sept. 2012.


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One of the main topics in industrialized agriculture is control. One of the foremost roles

in agriculture is nature, which is constantly changing. In nature, there are many risks involved

that sometimes throw people in the industries a curve. This said, as much as control isemphasized in industrial agriculture, nature produces and unknown that is out of the hands of the

producer and the consumer. This said, control is also key to the consumer. The consumer must

be confident and have a certain level of confidence in the safety of the food/product they arebuying. Most of the growers must follow a strict set of standards for their crops, and if these

standards are not met then their crops cannot be sold. This said, the 2006 E coli outbreak in

California stemmed from a centralized area where over 70% of Americas leafy greens areproduced. It was later concluded that cows and pigs were close to the site where the spinach was

grown, and the greens were contaminated by the E coli bacteria. Also, in the Taco Bell lettuce

contamination outbreak, the consumers trust was breached and the belief of attainable control

was lost yet again. With all of the uncertainties in nature and industrial agriculture, there is noway that total control can be attained and the system be deemed foolproof. There will always

be food borne illness and disease, but the sources from which are food comes from must be

trusted and take precautionary measures. As a consumer, I believe that people must to their part

in the research aspect of what they are eating. Ultimately, I also believe that control is anillusion, though we must believe that we are in control of what we eat in order to maintain a

sense of sanity and well-being. I believe that this source was very useful and credible, because ithelped to outline the illusion of control and the effect that it has on industrialized agriculture as

well as the psychology of the consumer. This source is a credible web resource with many

specific references in this article. Once again, this source lead me to other sources that engagedin academic conversation as well.

Trexler, Nathan M. "Market" Regulation: Confronting Industrial Agriculture's Food Safety

Failures." Widener Law Review 17.1 (2011): 311-345. Academic Search Complete. Web.

13 Sept. 2012.

Food safety has been a constant concern since the beginning of time and especially

during the last century of our countrys history. Over the past century, food safety regulationshave went hand in hand with changes to the food safety system. For example, The Jungle

outlined corruption in the meat-packing industry and brought about reform in the early 1900s.

This goes hand-in-hand with the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Meat Inspection Act, and

Theodore Roosevelts trust busting during this time period. Federal agencies must work togetherwith regulatory agencies/committees in order to promote and reform food safety laws.

Precautionary principles must be activated in order to maintain a food supply that is deemed safe

and healthy for the public. Over the years, many different agencies have worked together toimprove food safety, and even harm it in ways that were unknown at the time. Some of these

agencies include the USDA, the CDC, and the FDA. In todays world the process in which food

is made is streamlined to say the least, as certain traits are picked out in animals and animals arefed in ways so that the animals grow to certain weights in certain periods of time. One travesty

in food processing and industrial agriculture are the animal factories that producing meat for

reasonable prices. However, there is a great health cost associated with reasonable price. Many

of the animals in these factories are exposed to disease and other terrible conditions due to the


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number of animals in one place. Also, many of the animals are mixed in from places all over the

world, which increases the risk for disease. Because of this, E coli and salmonella are

widespread in animals that come from these animal factories. There are three things that can beincorporated to help the consumer and safeguard against disease from food borne illness. These

three ways directly relate to government and private agencies, and are outlined as follows:

prioritize prevention, strengthen surveillance, and improve response and recovery. This said,laws must be enacted and inspection must be kept tight to help prevent disease in animals. Also,

when disease begins to spread and foods must be recalled, there needs to be a quicker response

and safer ways to recover. When people are hospitalized due to food borne illnesses, it damagesthe consumers confidence in the food industry/industrial agriculture. To do this funding must

be granted and the government must work hand in hand with the food industry. For this to

happen, communication must improve and the current barriers between the government and the

industry must be avoided. Even with the regulations in place today, many inspection plants havebeen busted for their practices and penalized because of it. In todays world, the processing and

the production of our food is being more closely monitored to insure safer food industry

practices and maintain the health of the consumer. This source was extremely useful as it was

very detailed and vividly explained a lot of history and facts in relation to food safety. Thissource seems to use academic conversation and the credibility is definitely there. Within the

document, the author also cites many sources, each with academic credibility and usefulinformation. A great source such as this will lead you on to many different paths.

"Industrial Agriculture: Features and Policy." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., 17 May 2007.

Web. 24 Sept. 2012.

http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/impacts_industrial_ag

riculture/industrial-agriculture-features.html.

Industrial agriculture views its industry in three ways: input, output, and yield. This said,the industry has farms which are considered factories, which produce and output of beef, pork,

poultry, etc. The yield is about producing this agriculture as cheap as possible and maximizing

profits, just like a business is supposed to do. This said, crop variety is decreasing and in somecases harmful chemicals inputs are being used to increase output and profit yields. Most of

the marketing schemes are geared toward delicious food, and do not talk about the underlying

dangers of some of the chemicals in the food we eat daily. Research and technology have greatly

influenced the industrial agriculture industry and allow farmer to use more and more dangerouschemicals to produce yield.


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"Industrial Agriculture."PAN North America. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012.

.

It is widely believed by many that industrial agriculture cannot be sustained for the long-term future. Costs are controlled by manual labor and machines that do the work to help produce

the crop yield. In todays world, we do not know how to farm like our ancestors once did. In

this day and age, we simply put petro-chemicals on crops and speed up the process of growinganimals to keep with the production requirements. This said, there are many costs in relationship

to chemical dependent farming. The soil is depleted of its nutrients and contaminated water in

some areas adversely affects the water quality. Also, biodiversity is collapsing and the food

system can be linked to the constant climate change. It is said that 33.3% of todays globalgreenhouse gases are linked to the current food system. Lastly, farmers and their families are

exposed to pesticides and human health is at risk with this type of farming. Industrial agriculture

continues to deplete our environment from the natural resources that we need.

"The Seven Deadly Myths of Industrial Agriculutre: Myth One."AlterNet. Foundation for Deep

Ecology, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012.

http://www.alternet.org/story/13900/the_seven_deadly_myths_of_industrial_agriculture

%3A_myth_one.

Industrial agriculture has the potential to be hazardous and devastating to our

environments land, air, and natural resources. It is also called a fatal harvest because this type

of industrial farming has led to hunger across the world due to corporate business. Industrialagriculture increases the cost of farming, so the hungry people across the world are less likely to

be fed. Food dependence is said to be the cause of hunger, as many people do not believe that

food is scarce. Rather, it is a land/money issue in relation to growing the food. This said, manyof the corporate business executives are in cahoots with government officials and policy makers,

so the media and government always sheds industrial agriculture in a positive light. Also,

farming policies and tax breaks are introduced to these companies through their acquaintances in

government. Only a few companies have control of this industry, and the dominate the bigbusiness. Also, only a portion of the food grown in the United States stays here, as much of it is

exported for greater profits, which lead to increased food prices in the United States because the

quantity decreases as crops are exported worldwide. As stated in this article, in order for hungerproblems to be solved, food independence must be reintroduced.
http://www.alternet.org/story/13900/the_seven_deadly_myths_of_industrial_agriculture%3A_myth_onehttp://www.alternet.org/story/13900/the_seven_deadly_myths_of_industrial_agriculture%3A_myth_onehttp://www.alternet.org/story/13900/the_seven_deadly_myths_of_industrial_agriculture%3A_myth_onehttp://www.alternet.org/story/13900/the_seven_deadly_myths_of_industrial_agriculture%3A_myth_one

engl 1103 annotated bibliography final 1

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