Introduction to Drawing

S.SELVAPRAKASH, AP/CIVIL,IAREK.SANTOSH,AP/CIVIL,IARETARUNKUAMR, AP/CIVIL, IARE

Engineering Drawings

WHAT ARE ENGINEERIN

G DRAWINGS?

Introduction A type of technical drawing that is used

to define requirements for engineered items.Such as...

Definition:

ViewsDimensions Details

Used In: Construction Automobiles Electronics

Fields Engineering drawings have specialized

drawings that apply to their respective fields:

Machine Drawings Structural Drawings Electrical Drawings

Aeronautical Drawings Marine Drawings

FoundationThe foundation comes from the geometrical

drawing.

Consists of: Plain Geometric Drawing

Solid GeometricDrawing

To archive the geometric form of the design. To communicate ideas between designers and

manufacturing personnel. To act as an analysing tool. To stimulate the design. To serve as a completing checker. To support large number of perspective

references.

Importance

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Steps involved in producing Engineering Drawings

Steps: 1. Engineer receives architectural drawing.

2. Produces engineering sketch (AutoCAD drawing)

Steps: 3. Structural scheme produced.4. Approval of architect.5. Submit to authorities for approval.

Steps: 6. Proceed to construction.7. Amendments of construction

drawings.8. As-built drawings drawn.9. Certificate of Completion and

Compliance awarded.

Elements in Engineering Drawings

LinesThe difference in lines represent different

meanings in an engineering drawing.

Types: Construction LinesThick active linesThin active linesHidden linesCentre linesBreak linesUnderground pipe linesDimension lines

ScalesEngineering Drawings are always to scale.

1:1001:501:251:101:5

Most Common Scales:

DimensionsFactors to take into consideration:method and line type that is used for dimensioning.

The linear dimension would be the overall, auxiliary depiction and the second form of dimensioning would be the diameter and radii of the structure.

A mixture of the two would depict the position of ‘The Hole’ in an engineering drawing.

- Shows the builder and others the required size for every parts of the building.

- Unbroken lines.

- 2 mm away from the object being dimensioned.

2-Dimensional (2D)There are multiple types of 2D Drawing Types in Structural Engineering.

- Plan: ‘Top View’, ‘Floor Plan’ & ‘Roof Plan’

- Sections: ‘Cross-Section’ & ‘Longitudinal Section’

- Elevations:‘Front Elevation’, ‘Right Elevation’, ‘Left Elevation’ and ‘Rear Elevation’

3-Dimensional (3D)3-Dimensional engineering drawings are also known as ‘Production Drawings’

The 3-Dimensional (3D) Drawing Types:

- Orthogonal Projections- Pictorial Drawing: Isometric & Oblique- ‘’Working Drawings’’

OrientationTo show the direction of

north relative to the plan.

Level MarksTo show the height of ceiling, etc

Projectionof Engineering

Drawings

Orthographic Projection

Orthographic projection drawings are used to describe buildings, structures or objects pictorially.

Showed through first and third angle projection.

Graphical Projection

Graphical Projection drawings have two different types:

1) Perspective projection2) Parallel projection

Perspective ProjectionPerspective Projective drawing is a linear projection where three dimensional objects are projected on a picture plane.This has the effect that distant objects appear smaller than nearer objects.

Types: - One-point projection.- Two-point projection.- Three-point projection.

Methods & Rules of Projection

Method:1. Select a view from the best position.  2. Observe the overall structure.3. Note: parallelism, proportions and alignment.

Rules of Projection: 4. Parallel lines remain parallel.5. Proportions remain unchanged.6. Circles are always ellipses with the major axis of ellipse 

perpendicular to the polar axis of circle.7. Transformation of 90°angles.

Other Types of Projection

AxonometricIsometricDiametricTrimetricOblique

Symbols& Icons

Symbols for Materials

Usually used in sectional views.

To show the materials of the structure cut by the section plane.

• B.S. 1192 : Part 1,2,3,4,5 Construction Drawing Practice• Construction Unit (1998), Computer-Aided Design using MicroStation 95, Industrial

Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.• Dennis Neeley (1996), CAD and the Practise of Architecture, New York, N.Y.: J. Wiley• Earle James H., (1991), Drafting Technology, Addison-Wesley• Elsheikh Ahmed (1995), An Introduction to Drawing for Civil Engineers, McGraw-Hill• Jude D.V., (1983), Civil Engineering Drawing London ; New York : Granada• Muller Edward J (1996). Reading Architectural Working Drawing , Prentice Hall• Pickup F. & Parker M. A. (1970) Engineering Drawing with Worked Example London :

Hutchinson.• Ratensky A. (1983), Drawing and Model making, Whitney Library of Design• Thompson Arthur, (1993). An Introduction to Construction Drawing, London : E.

Arnold.• ‘’ Engineering Drawings – Sixth Edition’’ by A.W Boundy (604.2)• ‘’Introduction to Engineering Drawing – Second Edition’’ by Warren J. Luzadder & Jon

M. Duff ( 604.2)

Guarantee at least 70% referencing from books!

References

Thank You End.