engineered solid fuel

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Introduction

Kim Erickson, President

612-750-1335

[email protected]

[email protected]

Engineered Solid Fuel

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● Background● Waste Processing Technology “Study”● The Technology - ESF● “Target Zero” – To Landfill


612-750-1335

[email protected]

[email protected]

Engineered Solid FuelContents

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● Currently Operate Two Processing Facilities Which Convert Non-Hazardous Municipal Solid Waste (“MSW”) Into A Fuel Source Called Refuse Derived Fuel (“RDF”)

● Annually- 830,000 Tons Of MSW Subscribed- 740,000 Tons Of MSW Processed- 625,000 Tons Of RDF Generated- 31,000 Metals Recovered & Recycled

-Waste Shed Serviced Already Has A Mature Recycling Program In Place

Engineered Solid FuelBackground

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● Annually (Continued)- RDF Supplied To Power Plants Generates Enough “Green”

Electricity To Power 55,000 Homes Annually- Supply Three Power Plants – Xcel Energy (two) & Great

River Energy


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● My Role- Drive Operational Efficiencies, In Light Of/Anticipation Of

Declining County Financial Support, To Maintain Viability Of The Existing Business

- Research Waste Processing Technologies For A Practical & Capable Alternative To The RDF Model


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● Not Married To Any One Technology● Goal - Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)● Objectives

- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions- Multiple End-Users- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties- Value Add Product

- Environmentally Friendly Operations- No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone

Engineered Solid Fuel Waste Processing Technology “Study”

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● Discovered That There Is No “Silver Bullet” / “One Size Fits All” Technology For All Waste Streams

Best Use Modeling● Reduction – Problematic Waste● Gasification – Biomass, Homogeneous Waste Feedstock● Anaerobic Digestion – Food & Animal Waste, Homogeneous

Waste Feedstock● Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial

Waste (MSW)

Engineered Solid FuelWaste Processing Technology “Study”

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Best Use Modeling● Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial

Waste (MSW)- Mass Burn – Combustion Of Non Processed MSW To

Generate On Site Steam And/Or Electricity (raw waste)- Refuse Derived Fuel – Combustion Of Processed MSW

To Generate Electricity At Modified Power Plants (fluff or compressed pellet)

- Engineered Solid Fuel – Combustion Of Highly Refined & Reformulated MSW Used As A Fuel Source By Potentially Any Coal Fired Combustor (extruded pellet)

Engineered Solid Fuel Waste Processing Technology “Study”

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● Goal – Achieved…..- Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

● Objectives – All Achieved…..- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions- Multiple End-Users- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties- Value Add Product


The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW

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Goal – Achieved● Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

- Proprietary Processes (later explained)- First Plant Commenced Operations In The Summer 2008- 220,000 Ton Facility In Vaughn, Ontario- Product Demand Exceeds Supply

- Plant Designs To 600,000 Tons MSW- Satisfies All Technology Objectives

Dongara

www.dongara.ca


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Objectives – All Achieved● High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions● Multiple End-Users● Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties● Value Add Product

● Environmentally Friendly Operations● No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone

Dongara

www.dongara.ca


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High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions● High Energy Content

- Coal Substitute….But With Lower Emissions- Customer Spec’d To 12,000+ BTU- Homogeneous Feedstock- “Complete” Burn

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved

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High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions● Low Emissions – How Achieved…..

- Processes Which Result In A Highly Refined & Reformulated MSW

-Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF)-Advanced Materials Separation-Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content-Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives

-120,000 +/- Tons For A 600,000 MSW Plant


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- Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF)-Metals (ferrous & non-ferrous)-Non-combustibles


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- Advanced Materials Separation-Remove Unacceptable Plastics Which Spike Emissions

-Utilize Optical Sensors-Currently Can Identify 128 Grades Of Plastics

-Remove “Fines” From Improperly Disposed Electronic Equipment & Batteries (transition (“heavy”) metals)

- = Lower Emissions


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- Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content-High Moisture Content Requires More Fuel Combustion To Attain Required Energy Output = Higher Emissions

-Inconsistent Moisture Content Results In Incomplete Burn; Incomplete Burn = Higher Emissions

-Processed Metro MSW Moisture Content Ranges From <5% To 40%+

-ESF Spec’d At A Constant 8% = Lower Emissions


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- Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives-Utilization Of Select Plastics Ensures

-High BTU Fuel-Homogeneous Fuel-Low Emissions Fuel

-Contracted Separately From MSW Stream-Generally Would End Up In Landfills


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High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions● Low Emissions

- Emissions Certifications In Progress-Cement Kilns-Green Houses-Results Showing Dramatically Reduced SOX, NOX & CO2

-Low To Substantially No Sulfur-NOX Lower Than Coal Mixture-CO2 Lower Than Coal Mixture


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- Have Conducted In Depth Analysis For Three States “Of Interest” Having Strict Standards

-Exceed State Requirements


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- Exceed Requirements Of Customer Coal Mixture-Of Particular Interest

-Sulfur-Mercury-Lead-Chromium


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High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions● Low Emissions – Chemical Analysis - Elements Measured

Antimony Chromium Silver

Arsenic Lead Thallium

Barium Mercury Vanadium

Beryllium Nickel Zinc

Cadmium Selenium Sulfur


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Multiple End-Users● Coal Fired Combustors

- Primary Target- Deemed To Be The Highest Emitter Of Greenhouse Gases

● Gasification Projects- Near Perfect Homogeneous Feedstock


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Multiple End-Users● Potentially Any Coal Fired Combustor

- Cement Kilns – ESF In Use- Power Plants- Green Houses – ESF In Use- Ethanol Plants

- Pulverized – ESF In Use- Chunk / Briquette – ESF In Use

- Low To Substantially No Chlorine (covalent compound)


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Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties● Stable

- Shelf Life Of Months / Years- Virtually No Odor

● Consistent- Spec’d To Customer Requirements- Reliable Supply – Inventory Reserves Addresses MSW

Supply Volatility● Transportable

- Trade Region Similar To Coal- Piggyback Coal Transportation Infrastructure


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Value Add Product● 500,000 Ton MSW ESF Facility

- ~5 MW Power Input Translates Into 80 - 90 MW Power Output

● Homogeneous With Coal But With Dramatically Lower Emissions- Value To End User? Self-Explanatory…..


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Environmentally Friendly Operations● Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities

- Essentially A Transfer Station- Mated To A Sorting & Recycling Plant

- Zero Processing Emissions-Power Source Solely Electricity-No Thermal Processing

- No Ground Contamination Risk

- Not A User Of Water, But A Net Generator Of Water


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Environmentally Friendly Operations● Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities

- All Commodities Are Transported Off Site-ESF-Recyclables-Reusable's


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● Zero Processed MSW To Landfill- ESF- Metals Recycled- Unacceptable Plastics Recycled- Non-Combustibles For Concrete Products

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)“Target Zero”

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● Goal – Achieved…..- Identify A Leading Edge, But Proven Technology

● Objectives – All Achieved…..- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions- Multiple End-Users- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties- Value Add Product


● “Target Zero” Waste To Landfill


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Dongarawww.dongara.ca


612-750-1335

[email protected]

[email protected]


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