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Common Core Initiatives

Shifts to Practice

The ELA Coordinator NetworkJanuary 16, 2014

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Our Focus Question

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What does it mean to be a NYS

High School Graduate?

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The 26/65% Concern

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New York's 4-year high school graduation rate is 74% for All Students.However, the percent graduating college and career ready is significantly lower.

June 2012 Graduation Rate

Completion Model Readiness Model% Graduating % Graduating

All Students 74.0 All Students 35.3

American Indian 58.5 American Indian 18.8

Asian/Pacific Islander 81.6 Asian/Pacific Islander 56.5

Black 58.1 Black 12.5

Hispanic 57.8 Hispanic 15.7

White 85.7 White 48.5

English Language Learners 34.3 English Language Learners 7.3

Students with Disabilities 44.7 Students with Disabilities 4.9*Students graduating with at least a score of 75 on Regents English and 80 on a Math Regents, which correlates with success in first-year college courses.Source: NYSED Office of Information and Reporting Services

College Remediation in NYS

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Over 50% of students in NYS two-year institutions of higher education take at least one remedial course.

Source: NYSED Administrative Data for all Public, Independent and Proprietary 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education

What Does Remediation Mean?

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Economic Impact?

Increased Urgency

• A large majority of jobs lost in the recession and in the recovery had been held by workers with a high school diploma or less.

• The only real gains made during the still struggling recovery have been in jobs filled by workers with at least some postsecondary education.

• The gradual shift to more-educated workers has been going on for decades, but the recession gave it a mighty push.

• It also left the country with an urgent need to find a way to train workers for the more skilled jobs.

Source: The College Advantage: Weathering the Economic Storm. Georgetown University Center for Education and the Workforce. 2012.

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Why Readiness Matters – Labor Market Is More Demanding

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A post-secondary education is the“Passport to the American Dream”

•Of the projected 47 million job openings between 2009-2018, nearly two-thirds will require workers to have at least some post-secondary education – and experts say this percentage will only increase.

•14 million job openings will go to people with an associate’s degree or occupational certificate and pay a significant premium over many jobs open to those with just a high school degree.

Sources: Pathways to Prosperity Project, Harvard University, February 2011; Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce, Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through 2018, June 2010.

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Where Are the 26%

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Slightly less than 46 percent of the nation’s young high school dropouts were employed on average during 2008. This implies an average joblessness rate during 2008 of 54% for the nation for young high school dropouts. Disaggregated, this paints a grim picture;

•Blacks at 69 % •Asians at 57 %•Whites at 54 %•Hispanics at 47 %

Source: The Consequences of Dropping Out of High SchoolJoblessness and Jailing for High School Dropouts and the High Cost for Taxpayers. 2009

What Would Kuhn Say?

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The Necessity of a New Paradigm

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Leadership Under the Paradigm of Readiness

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To meet challenges such as these we need a different idea of leadership and a new social contract that promotes our adaptive capacity rather than inappropriate expectations of [technical] authority

From Ronald Heifetz - Leadership Without Easy Answers

Domains of College and Career Readiness

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Defines the academic knowledge and skills students need to be successful in college and careers.

Specifies the non-cognitive, socio-emotional knowledge and skills that help students successfully transition from high school to college or careers.

Describes the career- specific opportunities for students to gain the knowledge, skills, and competencies they need to pursue and succeed in their chosen career.

The Critical Focus

• The only way to achieve dramatic improvements in student achievement is to impact the daily work that students and teachers are doing within the four walls of the American classroom.

Source: Embracing the challenge of classroom-level reform. Kathleen Porter-Magee. September 26, 2013. Located at http://www.edexcellence.net/commentary/education-gadfly-daily/embracing-the-challenge-of-classroom-level-reform#.UkRHaOhr0NU.twitter

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The Critical ShiftsThe How must be flexible, not the

What…

All students(IDEA)

All students must be challenged to excel within the general curriculum and be prepared for success in their post-school lives, including college and/or careers.

For students with disabilities,

the How must be flexible, not the What…

Accommodations

• Provide multiple means for students to learn the standards.

• Provide opportunities for students to express what they know and can do.

• Use devices, practices, interventions, or procedures to afford equal access to instruction or assessment.

• Reduce or eliminate the impact of the student’s disability so that he or she can achieve the standard.

• Maintain the rigor of the content being taught.• Maintain achievement expectations.

Modifications

Change the core content standard or the performance expectation.

ELA/ Literacy 7 RL 4

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of rhymes and other repetitions of sounds (e.g., alliteration) on a specific verse or stanza of a poem or section of a story or drama.

What must be protected…

In ELA/Reading, the standards…•establish a “staircase” of increasing complexity in what students must be able to read •require the progressive development of reading comprehension so that students advancing through the grades are able to gain more from whatever they read.•if followed from early grades ensure a level of background knowledge and academic vocabulary in secondary students

What must be protected…

In ELA/Writing:•The ability to write logical arguments based on substantive claims, sound reasoning, and relevant evidence is a cornerstone of the writing standards, with opinion writing—a basic form of argument—extending down into the earliest grades.•Research—both short, focused projects (such as those commonly required in the workplace) and longer term in depth research —is emphasized throughout the standards but most prominently in the writing strand since a written analysis and presentation of findings is so often critical.

What must be protected…

In ELA/Speaking and Listening:•The standards require that students gain, evaluate, and present increasingly complex information, ideas, and evidence through listening and speaking as well as through media.•An important focus of the speaking and listening standards is academic discussion in one-on-one, small-group, and whole-class settings. Formal presentations are one important way such talk occurs, but so is the more informal discussion that takes place as students collaborate to answer questions, build understanding, and solve problems

What must be protected…

In ELA/Language:•The standards expect that students will grow their vocabularies through a mix of conversations, direct instruction, and reading. The standards will help students determine word meanings, appreciate the nuances of words, and steadily expand their repertoire of words and phrases.•The standards help prepare students for real life experience at college and in 21st century careers. The standards recognize that students must be able to use formal English in their writing and speaking but that they must also be able to make informed, skillful choices among the many ways to express themselves through language.

What about Early Literacy?

In ELA/Early Literacy, the stakes are high:

•42%of 3rd grade boys and 34% of third grade girls in third grade read below grade level*

•One in six children who are not reading proficiently in third grade will not graduate high school*

* Hernandez, D. (2011).Double Jeopardy: How third grade reading skills and poverty Influence High school graduation. Annie E Casey Foundation.

The Double Deficit

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Solving for these Deficits:

•Frequent opportunities for students to learn and reinforce the spelling/sound patterns necessary for proficient decoding in these early grades.

•Frequent opportunities for oral comprehension, rich language experiences, background knowledge to keep students’ comprehension progressing.

•Frequent exposures to coherent texts which are connected to the primary materials.

Poverty: Make that a Triple Deficit

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•Deliberate skills instruction (Lisa Delpit was right!)•Frequent opportunities for oral comprehension, rich language experiences, background knowledge to keep students’ comprehension progressing •Frequent exposures to coherent texts which are connected to the primary materials. •Exposure to varied, spiraled, and sophisticated syntax, content knowledge, and vocabulary.•Leveled text structure does not prohibit domain specific acceleration

The CCSS ELA and Early Literacy

• The K-5 Reading, Language, and Reading: Foundational Skills standards demand a curriculum that addresses the triple deficit.

• The standards require a early literacy program that “overwhelms the problem” that is too frequently not addressed in traditional early literacy programs, including the imperative building of background knowledge/schema and academic vocabulary.

The ELA standards inherently address SWDs and Reluctant

learners• The CCSS in Reading require teachers slow

down—and go deep—with texts at grade-level complexity while encouraging students to read a volume of text of their choice, at their level, independently.

For readers with compounded skill deficits, this may mean slowing down to the paragraph, sentence, even word level….

“…  for students with disabilities reading should allow for the use of Braille, screen-reader technology, or other assistive devices, while writing should include the use of a scribe, computer, or speech-to-text technology. In a similar vein, speaking and listening should be interpreted broadly to include sign language.”

http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/introduction/key-design-consideration

In math…

• Focus: The CCSS in math also require teachers to slow down and dig deeply into content. Students get the gift of time. Teachers spend time on fewer concepts. Instead of a mile wide and an inch deep, take time to master essential content.

• Focus on the major work.

• The standards are yelling, “SLOW DOWN!”

Idea #1: Use PARCC MCFs to evaluate unit and grade-

level goalsExample, Grade 5:

Coherence:

• The CCSS call on us to carefully, logically connect standards from grade to grade. Connect to the way content was taught the year before. The standards are designed to be an escalator, not a roller coaster.

• Baked into the standards is a guide to understanding prerequisite content for a given cluster or domain.

Idea #2: Use domain and cluster headings to develop remediation

plans

Rigor – What It Really Means

In math, rigor simply means that our curriculum should be based on three ideas:

•Fluency: Students are practicing procedures efficiently and accurately

•Conceptual Understanding: Students know how, but also know why

•Application: Students can apply their thinking, often in real world situations

Idea #3: Build fluency with a dedicated block of time each day; use key fluencies to

differentiate

Idea #4: Emphasize visual models at every grade level to increase

conceptual understanding

Idea #5: Adapt curriculum modules to meet student

needs• At the grade and unit level:

Use Overviews to locate modules and topics that focus on the Major Work or to remediate within a domain or cluster

Modify assessments to focus on the Major Work

• At the lesson level: Adapt fluency activities to meet student needs (in

terms of content and timings) Use conceptual understanding activities on a daily

basis

• Go slow to go fast

EngageNY overview documents can guide to

curriculum on the Major Work

Assessment rubrics show standard alignment; use to choose items that

meet students’ needs

Assess, track, and celebrate improvement on fluencies from any grade

level

Dedicate daily time for work on conceptual understanding using

module examples

Importance of building a supportive culture

• Principals are central to empowering teachers and creating a culture that challenges everyone to grow without fear.

• Teachers have the power to to support students’ sense of well-being and confidence without propping them up and doing the work for them.

• The adults in a student’s life have the power to define efficacy. Hard work+ Effective Effort + Support + Strategies = Getting Smarter.

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“A few modern philosophers…assert that an individuals’ intelligence is a fixed quantity, a quantity which cannot be increased.”

We must protest and react against this brutal pessimism… With practice, training,

and above all, method, we manage to increase our attention, our memory, our

judgment…

and literally become more intelligent than we were before.”

Binet co-authored the IQ test.

Alfred Binet

Fixed Mindset

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Assumptions: Intelligence is a “thing.” Intelligence is innate and fixed. Intelligence is measurable and is unevenly distributed. Innate ability determines learning and achievement.

+

+

CONFIDENCE

Ability

Hard Work Strategies

EFFECTIVEEFFORT

ACHIEVEMENT

Assumptions: Innate ability explains only part of learning and

achievement. Intelligence is not fixed. Intelligence grows incrementally and is influenced by

expectations, confidence and effective effort. Effective effort=working hard and smart (using effective

strategies)

Growth Mindset

What You Need to Know

Think you can.

Smart is not something you are.

Smart is something you get.

Effective Effort

Strategic Support

Get Smart.

Fixed Mindset vs. Growth Mindset

The fixed mindset creates an urgency to prove yourself over and over.

If you have only a certain amount of intelligence, personality and moral character, then you’d better prove you have a healthy dose of these.

The growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts.

• Although everyone may differ in every way…everyone can change and grow through application and experience.

Jeff Howard on Dweck

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Very smart

Kinda smart

Kinda dumb

Quiet Reflection: Who are your VSs, KSs, KDs?

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Very smart

Kinda smart

Kinda dumb

Perceptions Count

• Our perceptions influence our:

Self Concept Expectations for future situations Feelings of power and efficacy Subsequent motivation to put forth

effort Language Behavior

Attribution Theory: Why

Do I Believe This?EXTERNAL FACTORS

TASK DIFFICULTY

LUCK

INTERNAL FACTORS

SUFFICIENT ABILITY

EFFORT

CALVIN AND HOBBES by Bill Watterson

Self reflection• What is your story?

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Students• How do you see fixed mindset

playing out in your work? How does it affect the behavior of adults and/or students around you?

• How do the beliefs we have about students play out in Common Core implementation?

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Smart is something you can get.

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Thank You