energy storage: revolution and evolution of the electric grid · supplying solar during evening...
TRANSCRIPT
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Energy Storage - Evolution and Revolution on the
Electric GridLon Huber March, 2017
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1660 Projects, 193594 MW
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A Sampling of Our Clients
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Strategen provides insight to global corporations, utilities and public sector leaders, helping them to develop impactful and financially sustainable clean energy strategies
Strategen
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Storage analytics and cost/benefit
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What is energy storage?
Value and services
Key trends and drivers
Moving forward
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Topics
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Energy storage is a very broad asset class
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Electro-Chemical
(Flow battery / Lithium Ion)
Mechanical
(Flywheel)
Bulk Mechanical
Thermal
(Ice / Molten Salt)
Bulk Gravitational
(Pumped Hydro)
Transportation and Chemical
(Electric and Hydrogen Vehicles)
(CAES)
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Size and Duration by Technology
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Source: Australian Renewable Energy Agency (7/2015): Energy Storage Study Funding and Knowledge Sharing Priorities
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What is energy storage?
Value and services
Key trends and drivers
Moving forward
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Topics
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Bulk Storage
Ancillary Services
DistributedStorage
DistributedStorage Commercial
Storage
ResidentialStorage
Broad electric power system applicability
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▪ Energy storage can be deployed quickly, relocate and scaled up or down as required. (Shift, scale-able, shift-able)
▪ This makes it a critical tool to navigate the rapid change that is occurring
May 27, 2016
• SCE issues Aliso ACES RFO and DBT RFP
Jul. 18, 2016
• SDG&E files application for 150 MWhs of storage
Aug. 15, 2016
• SCE files application for 108 MWhs of storage
Aug. 18, 2016
• CPUC approves SDG&E applications
Sept. 15, 2016
• CPUC approves SCE Round 1 applications
Dec. 31, 2016 – Feb. 2017
• Projects brought online
Aliso Canyon: from RFP to online in 7 months
Total: 94.5 MW / 342 MWh
Energy storage is flexible
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Resiliency: Dominican Republic
▪ 20 MW of storage in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic provides efficient frequency regulation to the grid
▪ Provided key services during September’s Hurricanes Irma and Maria, when about 50% of the island’s power plants were forced offline
SOURCE: AES ADVANCION CASE STUDY: HTTP://CDN2.HUBSPOT.NET/HUBFS/2810531/COLLATERAL/AES%20ES%20CASE%20STUDY%20-%20STORM%20RESILIENCE.PDF 11
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Provide Spin/ Non Spin
Provide Ramping
Provide Frequency Regulation Services
Provide Capacity
“Firm” Renewable Capacity
Shift Energy
Avoid dump energy and/or minimum load issues
Provide Black Start
Provide In-Basin GenerationSmooth Intermittent Resource Output
Improve Short-Driven Performance
Provide System Inertia
Avoid Congestion Fees
Defer System Upgrades
Improve System Reliability
Provide System Inertia Defer System Upgrades
Mitigate Outages
Integrate Intermittent Distributed Generation
Maintain Power Quality Self-consumption
Provide Uninterruptible Power Supply
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
End User
Demand Charge/ TOU
Energy Shifting Dynamic Response
Short (< 2 min)
Medium ( 2min – 1 hour)
Long (1 hour +)
Grid Location Minimum duration of output energy
Operational use cases for storage systems (There are many)
Source: Modified from SCE 2011 chart
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1. Identify primary need
3. Optimize value streams and understand tradeoffs
2. Explore combinations of stackable benefits; discard incompatible
value streams
Approach to evaluating storage opportunities
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Provide Spin/ Non Spin
Provide Ramping
Provide Frequency Regulation Services
Provide Capacity
“Firm” Renewable Capacity
Shift Energy
Avoid dump energy and/or minimum load issues
Provide Black Start
Provide In-Basin GenerationSmooth Intermittent Resource Output
Improve Short-Driven Performance
Provide System Inertia
Avoid Congestion Fees
Defer System Upgrades
Improve System Reliability
Provide System Inertia Defer System Upgrades
Mitigate Outages
Integrate Intermittent Distributed Generation
Maintain Power Quality Self-consumption
Provide Uninterruptible Power Supply
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
End User
Demand Charge/ TOU
Energy Shifting Dynamic Response
Short (< 2 min) Medium ( 2min – 1 hour) Long (1 hour +)
Grid Location Minimum duration of output energy
Main Use Case: Distribution deferral
Source: Modified from SCE 2011 chart
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Value stack example #1: Distribution deferral
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Provide Spin/ Non Spin
Provide Ramping
Provide Frequency Regulation Services
Provide Capacity
“Firm” Renewable Capacity
Shift Energy
Avoid dump energy and/or minimum load issues
Provide Black Start
Provide In-Basin GenerationSmooth Intermittent Resource Output
Improve Short-Driven Performance
Provide System Inertia
Avoid Congestion Fees
Defer System Upgrades
Improve System Reliability
Provide System Inertia Defer System Upgrades
Mitigate Outages
Integrate Intermittent Distributed Generation
Maintain Power Quality Self-consumption
Provide Uninterruptible Power Supply
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
End User
Demand Charge/ TOU
Energy Shifting Dynamic Response
Short (< 2 min) Medium ( 2min – 1 hour) Long (1 hour +)
Grid Location Minimum duration of output energy
Value stack example #2: Frequency regulation
Source: Modified from SCE 2011 chart
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Value stack example #2: Frequency regulation
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Potential benefits from additional use cases
SecondaryUse Case
PrimaryUse Case
StackedUse Cases
Value stacking: Dist. deferral + frequency regulation
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Regulation RenewableIntegration
Resilency Capacity T&D
De
plo
ym
en
t (M
W)
Energy Storage Applications by State
Other Regions Arizona Hawaii ERCOT ISO-NE NYISO PJM CAISO
Application Description
Regulation Market products for wholesale market participation
Renewable Integration
Storage sited with renewable projects
Resiliency Microgrids and Black Start applications
CapacityLocal Capacity and Resource Adequacy
T&DTransmission and Distribution Upgrade Deferral
Note: Pumped Hydro technology excluded. Some storage capacity may be double-counted if the system performs multiple applicationsSource: DOE Energy Storage Database Accessed Jan 11, 2018
US installed capacity by application
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% Time per YearSource: PG&E Demand Response Programs: An Overview Presentation
The power system is underutilized
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▪ Analysis finds that for every $1 spent on reducing peak demand, at least $2.62 can be saved by ratepayers in Illinois and $3.26 by ratepayers in Massachusetts.
▪ Cutting top 100 hours of peak demand could save New York State up to $1.7 billion per year
▪ 15% of total production assets run less than 7 days per year or less than 2% of that time
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MA DOER slide: Commissioner Judson presentation at Restructuring Roundtable, May 2016Source: https://info.aee.net/peak-demand-reduction-report
According to EIA:Average peaker plant runs about 2-7% of the yearOver 70 GW of new peaker plants will be built in the U.S. before 2026
Why peak demand is important
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What is energy storage?
Value and services
Key trends and drivers
Moving forward
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Topics
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Chapter 1Frequency regulation
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▪ Frequency regulation (FR) storage projects are low energy applications therefore lower cost for batteries
▪ Important but shallow market as renewable generation increases
▪ FR was largest front-of-meter storage application in USA until 2016
▪ 265 MW of fast-response storage in PJM
▪ Typically 30 minute to an hour capacity
▪ Volatile market pricing
Source: Energy Storage North America 2017solarprofessiobnal.com
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Use case attributes:▪ High T&D upgrade costs ▪ High peak-to-energy ratio▪ Modest projected load growth ▪ Uncertainty regarding the timing or likelihood of major load additions▪ T&D construction limitations (siting, line access local community opposition to new
power lines and infrastructure.)▪ An energy storage system used for T&D deferral will be able to provide additional
benefits (renewable integration, etc.)
Australia Example: Grid utility support system, 20 energy storage systems to support remote networks
Energy storage for T&D deferral is expected to grow from 332 MW in 2017 to 14,325 MW in 2026.
Chapter 2Niche transmission & distribution infrastructure deferral
Source: energy-storage.news, businesswire.com, ergon.com
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Chapter 3Battery peaker – local capacity
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SellerResource
TypeTotal
ContractsMW
Adv. MicrogridSolutions
BTM Battery 4 50.0
AES FTM Battery 1 100.0
Ice EnergyBTMThermal
16 25.6
NRG FTM Battery 1 0.5
Stem BTM Battery 5 85.0
Total 27 261.1
SCE Energy Storage LCR Procurement
▪ Aliso - 94.5 MW / 342 MwhPeaker Plants Constructed In 7-months
▪ Highlighted Fast Deployment Of Energy Storage
▪ Led To 100MW In 100 Days’ Deployment In Australia
▪ Primarily a Storage-only Application
SCE purchased 5X CPUC requirement (50MW)
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▪ Great River Energy Co-op in Minnesota issued RFP for 10 MW PV and 10 MW/20 MWh Storage system in 2018
▪ Primary use case for storage is to dispatch over 2-4 hours peak period for demand reduction
▪ Storage to be charged 100% by co-located PV
Irvine Company Hybrid Electric Buildings
▪ Batteries and advanced software
▪ 10 MW / 60 MWh
▪ 20 buildings
▪ 20% peak demand reduction
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Chapter 3.5C&I and Co-op Demand Charge Mitigation
Source: greatriverenergy.com, advmicrogrid.com,
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Australia: Cooktown Solar and Storage
▪ 33MW solar plus 1.4MW/5.4MWh Lithium based battery storage
▪ Fringe grid in Australia and will test the boundaries of operation of utility scale solar battery storage in these conditions.
▪ The Project is now in operation.
▪ Funding dependent on dispatchable/storage aspect to assist with supplying solar during evening peak
▪ Altogether, Lyon Group planning 1.7GW of PV and 1GW of battery storage by 2020
Arizona: Tucson Electric Power 100 MW solar plus storage plant
▪ 30 MW of four-hour duration batteries▪ 20 year PPA
▪ ~3 cents/kWh solar – ~4.5 cents/kWh with battery▪ Will be largest solar-plus-utility-scale-battery system in the US
Source: http://www.lyoninfrastructure.com/cooktown.html
Chapter 4Dispatchable solar – PV + storage peaker
Source: http://insights.globalspec.com/article/4139/solar-storage-peaker-plant-for-kaua-i
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New York: Brooklyn Queens Demand Management program
▪ 41 MW customer sited solutions
▪ 11 MW utility sited solutions
California: SCE & PG&E Energy Storage Solicitation for Local Capacity
▪ Several behind and in-front of meter energy storage resources procured
Australia: AGL virtual power plant.
▪ 1000 aggregated BTM storage systems, 5MW/7MWh total for customer, distribution and wholesale benefits
▪ Customer sited DER and embedded solutions will be leveraged more in the future to avoid utility infrastructure.
▪ New markets and compensation models will be required to encourage, guide and extract this value.
▪ New grid operation approaches will be required to compliment new markets
Chapter 4.5DER alternatives
Source: conedbqdmauction.com, arena.gov.au
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Chapter 5RE + longer duration storage
KIUC: The Lawai Project
▪ 28 MW solar farm
▪ 100 MWh 5 Hour Li-Ion Battery
▪ Expected 3.7 million gallon reduction in fossil fuel consumption per year.
▪ 25-year PPA, 11 cents/kWh
▪ Near the wholesale energy price!
▪ Supply power at peak evening times
Australia: Australia’s largest solar farm.
• Solar Q proposes to build 350MW solar PV + storage with a second phase to expand to 800MW
• 800MW would provide ~ 15% of the state's south-east electricity needs from PV and 4,000 MWh of batteries
• Storage is critical aspect to serve evening load
Source: theverge.com, abc.net.au, hawaiienergypolicy.hawaii.edu
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What is energy storage?
Value and services
Key trends and drivers
Moving forward
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Topics
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Bulk Storage
Ancillary Services
DistributedStorage
DistributedStorage Commercial
Storage
ResidentialStorage
✓ Market Rules✓ Market Study,
Valuation & Targets
✓ All Source Procurements and Resource Plans
✓ Renewable Energy Strategy
✓ Non-wires Alternatives
✓ Resiliency✓ Rate Design✓ EV Infrastructure
Chapters won’t happen by themselves
Making it a reality
Source: EPRI
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Source: ABB
FuturePast
Conceptual path forward Li-Ion batteries(Costs are proportional to energy/time)
Source: SCE 2011
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▪ Modest sales of EV/hybrids can have significant impact on global cell production
▪ Currently, significant underutilization in global cell production
The importance of demand
Source: CEMAC report to DOE
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▪ China are expecting Li-ion to play significant role in clean energy future
▪ China’s 13th 5 year plan guarantees payouts if manufacturers meet targets
▪ Directing and encouraging internal manufacturing to increase production and capture market
China targeting/investing in energy storage
Source: www.visualcapitalist.com
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What is at stake?
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Low Carbon Grid Study (February 2016): http://lowcarbongrid2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/PDFs/160307_PhaseIIResults.pdf
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Renewable curtailment & negative prices
SOURCE: (HTTPS://WWW.EIA.GOV/TODAYINENERGY/DETAIL.PHP?ID=30692) (HTTPS://WWW.CAISO.COM/DOCUMENTS/WIND_SOLARREAL-TIMEDISPATCHCURTAILMENTREPORTMAY13_2017.PDF)
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The RPS 2.0
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https://www.strategen.com/reports-1/2018/3/28/evolving-the-rps-implementing-a-clean-peak-standard
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Are your state policies ready?
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Coming in less than 5 years!
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Thank you!Lon HuberVice PresidentStrategen Consulting, LLC
▪ Email: [email protected]▪ Phone: 928-380-5540
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6th Energy Storage North America (ESNA) Conference + Expo: November 6-8, Pasadena,
CALargest grid-connected energy storage
conference in North America, covering all applications including EV charging
(www.esnaexpo.com)
https://www.strategen.com/new-blog/2016/12/1/evolving-the-rps-a-clean-peak-standard-for-a-smarter-renewable-future
Clean Peak Paper:
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Appendix
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▪ Storage is eligible for ITC if charged from solar
▪ Level of benefit dependent on ability to charge from solar-paired system
▪ Battery must be ≥75% charged from solar to receive ITC
▪ Retrofits eligible for ITC, if 100% RE charged
▪ Tax reform includes changes to depreciation/MACRS, and ITC – stay tuned for new IRS rules
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Adding solar to storage unlocks tax benefits
Source: NREL
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▪ By 2030 all new cars in the Netherlands must be emission free
▪ India announced that it would end sales of gas and diesel cars by 2030.
▪ Norway agreed to end sales of gas and diesel cars by 2025.
▪ France announced it would end sales of gas and diesel cars by 2040.
▪ Britain announced it would end sales of gas and diesel cars by 2040.
▪ The Scottish government announced it would phase out gas and diesel cars by 2032.
Others soon to announce
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Global drivers of EVs
Source: www.vox.com