Energy is a fundamental physical quantity, Energy is a fundamental physical quantity, describing the ability of a material body to describing the ability of a material body to perform a specific perform a specific workwork. The processes in . The processes in which one kind of energy turns into another which one kind of energy turns into another (eg (eg when when electric heater electric heater heats, heats, charges in charges in the spiral may turn into the spiral may turn into internal energy of internal energy of surrounding air and the radiator internal surrounding air and the radiator internal energy) is always associated with some sort energy) is always associated with some sort of interactions describing these forces work of interactions describing these forces work impact is equal to the amount of impact is equal to the amount of changed changed energenergyy..

Energy has always been Energy has always been and will be needed for and will be needed for people in their lives. Its people in their lives. Its use may be different, use may be different, but above all we need but above all we need it to produce electricityit to produce electricity forfor transportation, transportation, heating homes and heating homes and illuminatilluminationion..

Primary energy sources are:Primary energy sources are: Conventional sources (organic)Conventional sources (organic) fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) nuclear fuel,nuclear fuel, geothermal energygeothermal energy,, renewable energy sources.renewable energy sources.

For renewable energy sources are For renewable energy sources are included:included:

solar energy,solar energy, water,water, wind,wind, tidal and wave,tidal and wave, and biomass energy.and biomass energy.

Thermal energy is part of the internal Thermal energy is part of the internal energy system, which is associated with energy system, which is associated with the chaotic motion of molecules. A the chaotic motion of molecules. A measure of thermal energy is measure of thermal energy is temperature.temperature.

Processing of thermal energyProcessing of thermal energy into into electricityelectricity is the subject of is the subject of termoenergetics. The exchange of termoenergetics. The exchange of energy between systems through the energy between systems through the chaotic motion of molecules or atoms is chaotic motion of molecules or atoms is called a heat exchange.called a heat exchange.

Electricity Electricity is the energy of electric is the energy of electric charges - and its charges - and its electrodynamicelectrodynamic, if they , if they move, or electrostatic, if they are at move, or electrostatic, if they are at rest.rest.

In practice, the electrical energy means In practice, the electrical energy means electrical energy. It can be converted electrical energy. It can be converted into energy of electromagnetic radiation into energy of electromagnetic radiation (light bulb, LED luminescence, Electric (light bulb, LED luminescence, Electric heating device), or mechanical energy heating device), or mechanical energy (electric motors, (electric motors, sspeakers).peakers).

Mechanical energy is the energy Mechanical energy is the energy associated with the movement of associated with the movement of mechanical system as a whole or its mechanical system as a whole or its individual parts to each other.individual parts to each other.

Types of mechanical energy:Types of mechanical energy: kinetic energy - which applies to bodies in kinetic energy - which applies to bodies in

motionmotion potential energy - associated with the potential energy - associated with the

interaction.interaction.

Potential energy called the energy Potential energy called the energy of of body, which remains at rest.body, which remains at rest.

There are two types of potential There are two types of potential energy: energy: gravitational potential energy - for gravitational potential energy - for

example, the body can be exited at any example, the body can be exited at any height height

and potential energy of elasticity, such as and potential energy of elasticity, such as shot clock.shot clock.

Kinetic energy is energy Kinetic energy is energy ofof a body a body moving moving in relation toin relation to aa reference reference point. The kinetic energy point. The kinetic energy which is which is held by held by the body can be converted the body can be converted into other forms of energy, or it can into other forms of energy, or it can be transferred to another body (eg by be transferred to another body (eg by collision with him)collision with him).. The kinetic energy The kinetic energy can be consumed to perform some can be consumed to perform some work, for example, set in motion work, for example, set in motion another another bodybody, or overcome friction., or overcome friction.

Internal eInternal energy nergy of of body is the sum of body is the sum of kinetic energkinetic energyy of of all its all its particlesparticles which are in chaotic movementwhich are in chaotic movement and and their potential energy resulting from their potential energy resulting from mutual mutual iintermolecular force. ntermolecular force. IInner nner energy of the energy of the body body changes while changes while ddoinoing work g work when when you overcome the you overcome the force of friction such as rubbing force of friction such as rubbing handshands..

Nuclear energy Nuclear energy is the energy emitted is the energy emitted during nuclear transformations. The during nuclear transformations. The liberation of nuclear energy is the fission of liberation of nuclear energy is the fission of heavy atomic nucleus, consisting of heavy atomic nucleus, consisting of protons and neutronsprotons and neutrons into into two nuclei of two nuclei of lighter elements, releasing lighter elements, releasing heat dueheat due to to weight lossweight loss and freeing from and freeing from 00 to 8 to 8 neutrons. Emitted neutrons can hit other neutrons. Emitted neutrons can hit other nuclei, which undergo fission. As a result, nuclei, which undergo fission. As a result, more and more free neutronsmore and more free neutrons come into come into being andbeing and more nuclei of heavy atoms are more nuclei of heavy atoms are split, which increases the portion of energy.split, which increases the portion of energy.

Binding energy is the energy Binding energy is the energy needed to separate the system needed to separate the system to its component parts.to its component parts.

This term is usually used in nuclear This term is usually used in nuclear physics and relates to the atomic physics and relates to the atomic nucleus. Binding energy of atomic nucleus. Binding energy of atomic nucleus determines the energy required nucleus determines the energy required to separate the nucleus of protons and to separate the nucleus of protons and neutrons. Binding energy is an important neutrons. Binding energy is an important criterion in determining the stability of criterion in determining the stability of the atomic nucleus.the atomic nucleus.

Hydropower energy deals Hydropower energy deals with the acquisition of with the acquisition of waterwater energy energy and its and its processingprocessing into into the the mechanical and electrical mechanical and electrical energy using water engines energy using water engines (turbines) and (turbines) and hydrogenerators (eg mills)hydrogenerators (eg mills) inin hydro hydross, and other , and other devices.devices.

Solar energy can be direct source of energy Solar energy can be direct source of energy through the use of so-called solar cells. through the use of so-called solar cells. Solar cell is a flat plate consisting of two Solar cell is a flat plate consisting of two very thin layers. very thin layers. The sunThe sun''s rays fs rays falling on alling on the the cell cell give rise to electric current give rise to electric current which which is sent to the electric circuits or batteries. is sent to the electric circuits or batteries. Solar cells are constantly being improved. Solar cells are constantly being improved. Maybe in the future Maybe in the future they will be deployed they will be deployed on on vast areas of desert because of its high vast areas of desert because of its high heat. In this way, the energy obtained in heat. In this way, the energy obtained in these areas would be sent to recipients in these areas would be sent to recipients in other countries.other countries.