2006-2007 AP Biology

Endocrine SystemHormones

Reproduction

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Hormones Why are hormones needed?

chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body

communication needed to coordinate whole body

__________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________

growth hormones

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Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones

__________________________ __________________________

chemicals cause changes in other parts of body

slow, long-lasting responsegrowth hormonessex hormonesresponse hormonesmetabolism hormonesand more….

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Regulation by chemical messengers

axon

endocrine gland

________________

target cell

___________________ released by neurons ______________ release by endocrine glands

________________

hormone carried by blood

neurotransmitter

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Glands __________________

melatonin __________________

many hormones: master gland

__________________ thyroxine

__________________ adrenaline

__________________ insulin, glucagon

__________________ estrogen

__________________ testosterone

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Body Regulation

hormones hormones

Nervous system & Endocrine system work together _________________________

“__________________________” receives information from

nerves around body about internal conditions

communicates with _________________________

“________________________” releases many hormones

sexual development, growth, milk production, pain-relief

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Maintaining homeostasis

high

low

hormone 1

lowersbody condition

hormone 2

gland

specific body condition

raisesbody condition gland

Negative FeedbackModel

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Negative Feedback Response to changed body condition

every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level

once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off

high

hormone 1

lowersbody condition

gland

specific body condition

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Controlling Body Temperature

high

low

nerve signals

sweat

nerve signals

brain

body temperature

shiver brain

dilates surfaceblood vessels

constricts surfaceblood vessels

Nervous System Control Feedback

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liver

pancreas

liver

Regulation of Blood Sugar

blood sugar level

insulin

body cells takeup sugar

from blood

liver storessugar

reducesappetite

pancreas

liver releases

sugartriggershunger

high

low

FeedbackEndocrine System Control

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Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body

changes how do they work

_________________ start new processes

in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant”

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Pituitary gland hormones Sex & reproductive hormones

________________ _______________________________ stimulates egg & sperm production

________________ _______________________________ stimulates ovaries & testes prepares uterus for fertilized egg

oxytocin stimulates childbirth contractions releases milk in nursing mothers

prolactin milk production in nursing mothers

hormones hormones

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Reproductive hormones _______________

_______________ sperm production

& secondary sexual characteristics

_______________ _______________ egg production,

preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics

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Sperm production over 100 million produced per day! ~2.5 million released per drop!

Male reproductive system

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spermatocytes

seminiferoustubule

sperm

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Male reproductive system

Testes & epididymis sperm production &

maturation Glands

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal

produce seminal fluid

nutrient-rich

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Male reproductive system ______________________________

produces sperm & hormones ______________________________

sac that holds testicles outside of body ______________________________

where sperm mature ______________________________

tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles,

Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm

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Female reproductive system

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Female reproductive system ______________________________

produces eggs & hormones ______________________________

nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month ______________________________

tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus ______________________________

opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby ______________________________

birth canal for birthing baby

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Female reproductive system

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Egg maturation in ovary

releasesprogesterone

maintainsuteruslining

produces estrogen

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LH

FSH

estrogenprogesterone

lining of uterus

egg developmentovulation = egg release

corpus luteum

0 7 14 21 28days

Menstrual cycle Controlled by

interaction of 4 hormones FSH & LH estrogen progesterone

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corpusluteumovary

Female reproductive cycle

pregnancy

maintainsuterus lining

no

yes

Feedback

estrogenegg

matures &is released(ovulation)

builds up uterus lining

FSH & LH

progesterone

fertilized egg

HCG

corpus luteum breaks downprogesterone drops

menstruation

maintainsuterus lining

GnRH

hypothalamus

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Female hormones FSH & LH

_______________________________________ stimulates egg development & hormone release peak release = release of egg (ovulation)

Estrogen _______________________________________ stimulates growth of lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation

Progesterone _______________________________________

cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation

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Fertilization

2006-2007 AP Biology

Any Questions??

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What do they do? Maintain homeostasis

blood sugar level temperature control

Start a new process growth fetal development sexual development

Body Temperature

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Negative Feedback Negative feedback

every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back body temperature control of blood sugar