Employment in Canada Jobs Employment by industry Canada is unusual among developed countries because Primary Industries such as logging and the oil industries are two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, based in Central Canada, with the automobile industry and aircraft industry being especially important.som/l01/cst01/econ40-eng.htmsom/l01/cst01/econ40-eng.htm There are many different types of industry. We can classify industry into four main categories: SecondaryPrimary Tertiary How can industrial activity be classified ? Quaternary What is a primary industry? These industries extract raw materials directly from the earth or sea. The primary sector includes establishments involved in the exploitation and initial processing of natural resources.resources Coal miningCoal mining includes establishments that break, wash, grade or otherwise prepare coal for use as a fuel. Other examples include mining precious and other metals, oil and gas, and forestry.forestry Gross Domestic Product: The total market value for all goods and services produced in a country for a given year For centuries, Canada's primary industries agriculture, fishing and trapping, mining, fuel and energy, and logging and forestry were the foundation of the economy. % of Jobs Canada exports food products worth $24 billion to 180 countries. Farming is practised on about 7% of Canada's land area, primarily in two main ecozones: Prairies Mixedwood Plains Primary Industry Major products: Crops Horticulture Vegetable gardens Viticulture - Grapes Livestock Domesticated animals Dairy, poultry and eggs Major agricultural regions: fruits and vegetables in B. C. and Ontario beef cattle in Alberta wheat and canola in Saskatchewan and Manitoba mixed farming and dairy cattle in Ontario and Quebec potato farming in P.E. I. and New Brunswick Canada has the second largest continuous forested area on earth, after Russia. Forests cover 50% the nation's land mass and constituting 10% of the globe's forest cover. World's largest exporter of wood pulp, paper, sawn wood and wood-based panels. Who owns Canadas forests? 94% publicly owned (majority provincial)Primary Industry Making Connections 2014 page 113 Industrial Minerals Metallic Minerals Challenges to mining Primary Industry o Naturally occurring, pure, non-living substance found in rocks 1. Industrial minerals e.g. sand and gravel 2. Fossil fuels e.g. coal, oil, natural gas 3. Metallic minerals e.g. gold, copper Value $ millions Gold$5,560 Iron Ore$5,318.9 Copper$4,478.2 Nickel$3,418.0 Uranium$1,040 Zinc$1,181 Potash$6,981.4 Diamonds$2,005.2 Cement$1,702.5 Coal$6,389.0 o Nickel o Gold o Platinum o Cobalt o Copper o Silver o Zinc Sudbury Canada is worlds largest potash exporter (43% of world trade) Exports potash to over 40 countries. 95% of the worlds potash consumption is for fertilizers Fertilizer: key components are nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K), which comes from potash. Southern Saskatchewan supplies the world with potash. Making Connections 2014 page 154 Potash is produced in only 12 countries because high- quality, economically mineable deposits are geographically concentrated. Canadas oldest industry 16% of the world's coastline is Canadian Peaked in 1990s ~100,000 Canadians had commercial licenses Today 0.1% of Canadian economy 80% of catch is exported to 80 countries ($4.7 billion 2002) Important recreational activity48 lbs. Ling Cod Winter Harbour. B.C. CategoryDescriptionExamples Groundfish Feed and are caught near the ocean floor Cod, halibut, haddock Pelagic fish Feed and are caught near the surface Salmon, tuna, herring Shell fish Animals without backbones & had protective shells Lobster, shrimp, oysters, scallops CodTrout Lobster Decline in East Coast fishery since 1990 Newfoundland: Employed 24,500 people in 1987 (peak) Only 10,300 people in 2009 Decline due to: Overfishing by Canadians Improved technology Foreign factory ships Changes in natural conditions Sport Fishing Aquaculture Seafood Production Commercial Sturgeon, B.C. Aquaculture: Fish or shell fish raised under supervision, either on land in tanks or in cornered-off sections of the ocean The manufacturing, sector is made up of primary and secondary manufacturing establishments.manufacturing Primary manufacturing companies process raw materials to produce such supplies as iron and steel, pulp and paper, and petroleum products.iron and steelpulp and paperpetroleum Secondary manufacturing establishments are those that produce consumer goods (e.g., clothing) and capital goods (i.e. goods used to make other goods, for example, machinery, equipment, parts).clothing What is a secondary industry? These industries process and manufacture products from raw materials. 1. Nickel 2. Natural gas 3. Potash 4. Gold 5. Sand 6. Aluminum 7. Copper 8. Iron ore 9. Uranium 10. Oil 11. Zinc 12. Limestone A.Electrical wire B.Glass and ceramics C.Fertilizer D. Sun screen E.Heat in your home F.Baseball bats G.Stainless steel knives and forks H.Plastic CD case I.Fort Knox J.Cement K.Steel Auto assembly plants, Greater Toronto area Making Connections 2014 page 175 Steeltown, Hamilton Making Connections 2014 page 181 Founded in a small warehouse in Toronto 60 years ago, Canada Goose has grown into one of the world's leading makers of luxury apparel. What is a tertiary industry? These industries provide a service. Service industriesService industries, sector includes establishments in both the private and public sectors. These range from food services to laundries to the Bank of Canada.Bank of Canada These are establishments that do not harvest or make goods, but provide services to the population (including the sale of commodities and goods to people). CP Christmas Train 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_jWaScptQ4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_jWaScptQ4 Whistler Zipline https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=CZnFTJjd530 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=CZnFTJjd530 White water rafting, Fraser canyon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2Fr2IufciM KURIOS - Cabinet of Curiosities from Cirque du Soleil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyCjt6WRw2Y There are also quaternary industries. These industries incorporate a high degree of research and technology in their processes and employ highly qualified people. Biotechnology and computer programming are examples of quaternary industries. What is a quaternary industry? Canadas International Trade 2013 Making Connections 2014 page 187 Canadas biggest companies 2014 Making Connections 2014 page 195