EMPHASIZED EMOTIONS EMPHASIZED EMOTIONS && FEELINGS OVER FEELINGS OVER RATIONALLITYRATIONALLITY

In 1886, a In 1886, a nature organizationnature organization took his took his name……name……

…………………………..the ..the Audubon SocietyAudubon Society

Saw Saw CHURCHCHURCH as as reactionaryreactionary & & STIFLINGSTIFLING to to

SELF SELF -- EXPRESSION EXPRESSION

Was the term used to describe activist journalists who wrote Was the term used to describe activist journalists who wrote exposes of business and government misconduct during the exposes of business and government misconduct during the early 1900searly 1900s..

Famous muckrakers included Famous muckrakers included Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair (who (who exposed the seamy underbelly of the exposed the seamy underbelly of the meatpacking industry in the book THE meatpacking industry in the book THE JUNGLE),JUNGLE), Ida TarbellIda Tarbell (who revealed oil (who revealed oil company corruption in the book History of company corruption in the book History of Standard Oil),Standard Oil), and and Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens (who called out (who called out urban mismanagement in THE SHAME of CITIES).urban mismanagement in THE SHAME of CITIES).

MUCKRAKING reporting fueled Progressives’ arguments for MUCKRAKING reporting fueled Progressives’ arguments for SOCIAL REFORMSOCIAL REFORM

““THE JUNGLETHE JUNGLE”” After reading After reading The JungleThe Jungle by by Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair, ,

Teddy Roosevelt pushed for passage of Teddy Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat the Meat Inspection Act of 1906.Inspection Act of 1906.

The Act mandated cleaner cleaner conditionsconditions for meatpacking plants.An instant best-seller, Sinclair's book reeked with the An instant best-seller, Sinclair's book reeked with the

stink of the Chicago stockyards.stink of the Chicago stockyards.

He told how He told how dead ratsdead rats were shoveled into were shoveled into sausage-grinding machinessausage-grinding machines; how bribed ; how bribed inspectors looked the other way when diseased inspectors looked the other way when diseased cows were slaughtered for beef, and how cows were slaughtered for beef, and how filth filth and and guts wereguts were swept off the floor and swept off the floor and packaged as "packaged as "potted hampotted ham."."

Written by Captain Written by Captain Alfred T. Alfred T. MahanMahan, fueled the U.S. , fueled the U.S. Government’s Government’s drive to drive to control foreign control foreign territoryterritory, a practice known as , a practice known as IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM..

The Book argued that to succeed The Book argued that to succeed in trade a country must have in trade a country must have access to foreign ports and access to foreign ports and control overseas control overseas coloniescolonies..

The USA soon turned its attention The USA soon turned its attention to to foreign acquisitions foreign acquisitions using its newly using its newly revamped naval forcesrevamped naval forces..

Refers to the principle that the president has the Refers to the principle that the president has the right right to withhold information from Congress and the to withhold information from Congress and the public when doing so would protect the NATIONAL public when doing so would protect the NATIONAL SECURITYSECURITY..

The The PRECEDENTPRECEDENT was established by George was established by George Washington in 1797, in response to the House of Washington in 1797, in response to the House of Representative's request to review all documents Representative's request to review all documents related to the Washington administration of the related to the Washington administration of the Treaty of San LorenzoTreaty of San Lorenzo ( the treaty is not consequential to our ( the treaty is not consequential to our study of History at this point in time, Executive Privilege is)study of History at this point in time, Executive Privilege is)

4747

Before it became a movie, Before it became a movie, (published in 1900),(published in 1900), it was a it was a popular book by L. Frank Baum. Some believe the popular book by L. Frank Baum. Some believe the story is allegory for the politics of the time: story is allegory for the politics of the time: Dorothy represents the common manDorothy represents the common man, the , the scarecrow represents the FARMERscarecrow represents the FARMER, Dorothy's silver , Dorothy's silver shoes (ruby in the movie) represents shoes (ruby in the movie) represents the silver the silver standardstandard, the , the TIN Man represents the industrial TIN Man represents the industrial workerworker, and the cowardly Lion was modeled after , and the cowardly Lion was modeled after William Jennings Bryan…who ran for President 4 William Jennings Bryan…who ran for President 4 times.times.

Refers to the sensational reporting that became popular in the Refers to the sensational reporting that became popular in the nineteenth century, replacing the said journalism of the past.nineteenth century, replacing the said journalism of the past.

Publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were Publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were credited as yellow journalism ‘s most skilled practitioners.credited as yellow journalism ‘s most skilled practitioners.

Yellow Journalism featured bold headlines and emphasized Yellow Journalism featured bold headlines and emphasized scandal and corruption.scandal and corruption.

4949

ALLOCATED land and resources for agricultural colleges across ALLOCATED land and resources for agricultural colleges across the USA.the USA.

The Act was passed as part of a federal effort to develop the The Act was passed as part of a federal effort to develop the nation’s agriculture.nation’s agriculture.

Nearly all of the colleges established were public.Nearly all of the colleges established were public.

Is a poem by Rudyard Kipling Is a poem by Rudyard Kipling published in response to the published in response to the annexation of the Philippines by annexation of the Philippines by the USA. the USA. The poem’s title The poem’s title was adopted as a was adopted as a slogan by those who slogan by those who favored annexation favored annexation and imperialism.and imperialism.

Many Americans believed that the Many Americans believed that the USAUSA, as an advanced nation, had , as an advanced nation, had a duty to “a duty to “CHRISTIANIZE CHRISTIANIZE AND CIVILIZEAND CIVILIZE” less ” less developed nations.developed nations.

Argued that by the 1890 census, Argued that by the 1890 census, the American frontier the American frontier – and – and thus the first period of American history – thus the first period of American history – was gonewas gone..

According to Frederick Jackson Turner, the According to Frederick Jackson Turner, the frontier shaped the American spirit and frontier shaped the American spirit and

character, fostered democracy, and provided character, fostered democracy, and provided a place to which people facing economic a place to which people facing economic

distress could flee.distress could flee.

As settlers filled the Western territoriesAs settlers filled the Western territories, the frontier , the frontier lost it lost it unique characterunique character..

Wrote Democracy in America, reflecting his interest in Wrote Democracy in America, reflecting his interest in the American Democratic processthe American Democratic process

Assessed the American attempt to have Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty and equalityboth liberty and equality

Provided an outsider’s objective view of the AGE Provided an outsider’s objective view of the AGE ofof JACKSONJACKSON

Was written by the Was written by the Frenchman Frenchman Tocqueville, who traveled the USA in the Tocqueville, who traveled the USA in the 1830s. The Book is a 1830s. The Book is a studystudy of the of the American political cultureAmerican political culture..

In it, he expresses his admiration for the In it, he expresses his admiration for the lack of a PERMANENT ARISTORCRACY lack of a PERMANENT ARISTORCRACY in the USAin the USA, which, combined with , which, combined with untapped land and resources of the untapped land and resources of the West, provides Americans with West, provides Americans with numerous opportunities to better numerous opportunities to better themselves through hard work and themselves through hard work and education.education.

Ida TarbellJohn James AudubonFrederick J. Turner Upton SinclairL. Frank Baum George Washington William Randolph HearstRudyard Kipling Alfred T. Mahan Alexis de TocquevilleThe W W of OzExecutive PrivilegeYellow JournalismMorrill Land Grant ACT

RomanticismTranscendentalismWhite Man’s BurdenDemocracy in AmericaFrontier ThesisInfluence of Sea Power

A. Romanticism B. John James Audubon C. Upton SinclairD. L. Frank Baum E. Alexis de Tocqueville F. Rudyard KiplingG. Alfred T. Mahan H. George Washington I. William Randolph HearstJ. Ida Tarbell K. Turner L. Thomas Jefferson

___1. Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty & equality___2. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had disappeared___3. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing industry___4. Wrote about control of the seas and American Imperialism___5. A “PRECEDENT” established by ________________called Executive Privilege___6. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the politics of the time ((1900)1900)

___7. Publisher……headlines that emphasized scandal & corruption….helped start the Spanish American War___8. Emphasized emotions & feelings over rationality___9. Romantic – Era Artist, member of the Hudson River School__10. Exposed oil company corruption, a Muckraker__11. Poet…duty to “christianize & civilize” less developed nations

A. Morrill Land Grant Act F. Yellow Journalism J. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

B. “White Man’s Burden” G. Muckrakers K. Alexis de TocquevilleC. “The Jungle” H. Transcendentalism L. Executive PrivilegeD. Romanticism I. John James Audubon M. The Influence of Sea PowerE. Turner on Frontier Thesis Upon History

___12. In 1886, a nature organization took his name…demonstrated emotion of nature, especially birds & animals___13. Journalists who exposed corruption, especially in business___14. indicated that to succeed in trade, must have access to foreign ports and control overseas colonies___15. Sensational reporting featuring bold headlines and scandal___16. Withhold information from Congress to protect National Security___17. passed as part of a federal effort to develop the nations agriculture___18. Some believe the story is an allegory for the politics of the time___19. A poem that favored annexation & imperialism, America’s duty___20. Wrote a book that indicated Americans had numerous opportunities to better themselves through hard work & education___21. mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants___22. Transcends intellect…strives for emotional unity with God___23. Belief in the innate goodness of man, nature, traditional values___24. Provided a place to which people facing economic distress could

flee to, fostered democracy, American spirit & character

A. Romanticism B. John James Audubon C. Upton SinclairD. L. Frank Baum E. Alexis de Tocqueville F. Rudyard KiplingG. Alfred T. Mahan H. George Washington I. William Randolph HearstJ. Ida Tarbell K. Turner L. Thomas Jefferson

___1. Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty & equality___2. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had disappeared___3. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing industry___4. Wrote about control of the seas and American Imperialism___5. A “PRECEDENT” established by ________________called Executive Privilege___6. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the politics of the time ((1900)1900)

___7. Publisher……headlines that emphasized scandal & corruption….helped start the Spanish American War___8. Emphasized emotions & feelings over rationality___9. Romantic – Era Artist, member of the Hudson River School__10. Exposed oil company corruption, a Muckraker__11. Poet…duty to “christianize & civilize” less developed nations

A. Morrill Land Grant Act F. Yellow Journalism J. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

B. “White Man’s Burden” G. Muckrakers K. Alexis de TocquevilleC. “The Jungle” H. Transcendentalism L. Executive PrivilegeD. Romanticism I. John James Audubon M. The Influence of Sea PowerE. Turner on Frontier Thesis Upon History

___12. In 1886, a nature organization took his name…demonstrated emotion of nature, especially birds & animals___13. Journalists who exposed corruption, especially in business___14. indicated that to succeed in trade, must have access to foreign ports and control overseas colonies___15. Sensational reporting featuring bold headlines and scandal___16. Withhold information from Congress to protect National Security___17. passed as part of a federal effort to develop the nations agriculture___18. Some believe the story is an allegory for the politics of the time___19. A poem that favored annexation & imperialism, America’s duty___20. Wrote a book that indicated Americans had numerous opportunities to better themselves through hard work & education___21. mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants___22. Transcends intellect…strives for emotional unity with God___23. Belief in the innate goodness of man, nature, traditional values___24. Provided a place to which people facing economic distress could

flee to, fostered democracy, American spirit & character

1 = E1 = E2 = K2 = K3 = C3 = C4 = G4 = G5 = H5 = H6 = D6 = D7 = I7 = I8 = A8 = A9 = B9 = B10 = J10 = J11 = F11 = F

12 = I12 = I13 = G13 = G14 = M14 = M15 = F15 = F16 = L16 = L17 = A17 = A

18 = J18 = J19 = B19 = B20 = K20 = K21 = C21 = C22 = H22 = H23 = D23 = D24 = E24 = E

___ 1. Ida Tarbell ___ 2. Alfred T. Mahan ___ 3. Upton Sinclair___ 4. L. Frank Baum ___ 5. George Washington ___ 6. William Randolph Hearst___ 7. Rudyard Kipling ___ 8. Alexis de Tocqueville___ 9. Turner ___ 10. John James Audubon ___ 11. Romanticism

A. Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty & equalityB. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had disappearedC. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing industryD. Wrote about control of the seas and American ImperialismE. A PRECEDENT established by _______________, called

Executive PrivilegeF. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the politics of the time (1900)

G. Publisher……headlines that emphasized scandal &

corruption…….helped start the Spanish American WarH. Emphasized emotions & feelings over rationalityI. Romantic – Era Artist, member of the Hudson River SchoolJ. Exposed oil company corruption – Standard Oil, a MuckrakerK. Poet…duty to “christianize & civilize” less developed nations

____1. Admiration for a lack of a permanent Aristocracy in the USA____2. fueled Progressives’ arguments

for Social Reform____3. Imperialism, control of the seas____4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906____5. Protect the National Security____6. A popular book____7. Public Colleges established across the USA____8. Emphasized scandal & corruption with bold headlines____9 Christianize and Civilize____10. Emotional unity with God____11. Emotions & feelings over rationality____12. Emotion of nature, birds, animals____13. Shaped American spirit & character

___ 1. Ida Tarbell ___ 2. Alfred T. Mahan ___ 3. Upton Sinclair___ 4. L. Frank Baum ___ 5. George Washington ___ 6. William Randolph Hearst___ 7. Rudyard Kipling ___ 8. Alexis de Tocqueville___ 9. Turner ___ 10. John James Audubon ____11. Romanticism

A. Assessed the American attempt to have both liberty & equalityB. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had disappearedC. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing industryD. Wrote about control of the seas and American ImperialismE. A “PRECEDENT” established by ________________called

Executive PrivilegeF. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the politics of the time (1900)(1900)

G. Publisher……headlines that emphasized scandal & corruption….helped start the Spanish American War

H. Emphasized emotions & feelings over rationalityI. Romantic – Era Artist, member of the Hudson River SchoolJ. Exposed oil company corruption, a MuckrakerK. Poet…duty to “christianize & civilize” less developed nations

____1. Admiration for a lack of a permanent Aristocracy in the USA____2. fueled Progressives’ arguments

for Social Reform____3. Imperialism, control of the seas____4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906____5. Protect the National Security____6. A popular book____7. Public Colleges established across the USA____8. Emphasized scandal & corruption with bold headlines____9 Christianize and Civilize____10. Emotional unity with God____11. Emotions & feelings over rationality____12. Emotion of nature, birds, animals____13. Shaped American spirit & character

1 = J1 = J2 = D2 = D3 = C3 = C4 = F4 = F5 = E5 = E6 = G6 = G7 = K7 = K8 = A8 = A9 = B9 = B10 = I10 = I11 = H11 = H

1 = M1 = M2 = D2 = D3 = F3 = F4 = E4 = E5 = J5 = J6 = I6 = I7 = H7 = H

8 = G8 = G9 = K9 = K10 = B10 = B11 = A11 = A12 = C12 = C13 = L13 = L

“The process which society pays for the law of competition…is great; but the advantages of this law are also

greater….Whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it: It is here; we cannot evade it;….it is best for the race,

because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department.”

The principle of

“popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty” stated that

A. settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territory

B. whenever a new area was settled, all United States citizens were required to vote on the slave status of that area

C.any settlers disagreeing with federal laws governing slavery were free to ignore those laws

D.slavery would be permitted in any area after 1848

E. The president, after meeting with public interest groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be allowed in a given territory

MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERS furthered the causes of the furthered the causes of the Progressive movement byProgressive movement by

A.A. organizing grassroots campaigns for political reform at the organizing grassroots campaigns for political reform at the state levelstate level

B.B. suing large companies and donating their court awards to suing large companies and donating their court awards to Progressive campaignsProgressive campaigns

C.C. staging large, violent protests in support of Progressive goalsstaging large, violent protests in support of Progressive goals

D.D. warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such radical warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such radical movements as communism and socialismmovements as communism and socialism

E.E. alerting the public to the social ills and corporate corruption alerting the public to the social ills and corporate corruption targeted by Progressivestargeted by Progressives

Someone who emigrated to the USA during the nineteenth century (1800’s)(1800’s) probably chose his or her new hometown based on

whereA.jobs were plentiful

B.relatives already lived

C.premiums were paid to new settlers

D.the climate was most healthful and warm

E.passage by boat was available at the time

“The process which society pays for the law of competition…is great; but the advantages of this law are also

greater….Whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it: It is here; we cannot evade it;….it is best for the race,

because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department.”

Someone who emigrated to the USA during the nineteenth century (1800’s)(1800’s) probably chose his or her

new hometown based on where

A. jobs were plentiful

B. relatives already lived

C.premiums were paid to new settlers

D. the climate was most healthful and warm

E. passage by boat was available at the time

The majority of immigrants during the 19The majority of immigrants during the 19thth Century came Century came from places in which from places in which family concerns were of PRIMARY and family concerns were of PRIMARY and SOMETIMES SOLITARY IMPORTANCESOMETIMES SOLITARY IMPORTANCE. So, they usually . So, they usually headed for a location where FAMILY had already headed for a location where FAMILY had already SETTLEDSETTLED. .

The same, by the way, is pretty much still TRUE today.The same, by the way, is pretty much still TRUE today.

The principle of “popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty” stated that

A. settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territory

B. whenever a new area was settled, all United States citizens were required to vote on the slave status of that area

C.any settlers disagreeing with federal laws governing slavery were free to ignore those laws

D.slavery would be permitted in any area after 1848

E. The president, after meeting with public interest groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be allowed in a given territory

………………a policy was sought to appease the abolitionist and a policy was sought to appease the abolitionist and slaveholdersslaveholders. By allowing the settlers to decide the slave . By allowing the settlers to decide the slave status of an area, popular sovereignty status of an area, popular sovereignty took some took some pressure offpressure off CongressCongress, which was , which was growing DIVIDED over the issuegrowing DIVIDED over the issue. . Henry Henry ClayClay invoked the idea of Popular Sovereignty in the invoked the idea of Popular Sovereignty in the Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850..

MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERS furthered the causes of the furthered the causes of the Progressive movement byProgressive movement by

A.A. organizing grassroots campaigns for political reform at the state levelorganizing grassroots campaigns for political reform at the state level

B.B. suing large companies and donating their court awards to Progressive suing large companies and donating their court awards to Progressive campaignscampaigns

C.C. staging large, violent protests in support of Progressive goalsstaging large, violent protests in support of Progressive goals

D.D. warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such radical movements warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such radical movements as communism and socialismas communism and socialism

E.E. alerting the public to the social ills and corporate corruption targeted by alerting the public to the social ills and corporate corruption targeted by ProgressivesProgressives

….Progressive era movement. “MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERS” is a term Theodore Roosevelt coined to describe the investigative to describe the investigative

journalists of his dayjournalists of his day. They included Ida Tarbell whose book on Standard OiL revealed corruption in the oil industry.

MUCKRAKERS helped fuel the public outcry for government reform, the main goal of the PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.the main goal of the PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.

Anglo-American women in Anglo-American women in COLONIAL TIMESCOLONIAL TIMES

A.could own property or execute legal documents only if they were widowed or unmarried

B.enjoyed more liberties and rights than did Native American women

C.attended church less frequently than did Anglo-American men

D.were more likely than men to do agricultural work

E.were required by law by learn to read and write, in order to teach their children

All of the following Supreme Court decision All of the following Supreme Court decision during JOHN MARSHALL’S tenure as Supreme during JOHN MARSHALL’S tenure as Supreme

Court Justice to strengthen the federal Court Justice to strengthen the federal government government exceptexcept

A.A. Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824

B.B. Marbury v. Madison, 1803Marbury v. Madison, 1803

C.C. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

D.D. Worcester v. Georgia, 1831Worcester v. Georgia, 1831

E.E. McCulloch v. Maryland,1819McCulloch v. Maryland,1819

During the seventeenth century, colonists’ daily life was influenced the most by

A. The Baptists in the Carolinas

B. The Puritans in Massachusetts

C. The Baptists in Rhode Island

D. The Catholics in Maryland

E. The Anglicans in Virginia

Jacob Riis was a famous “muckraker” who wrote about

A. Governmental corruption

B. The powerful union of the 19th century

C. The misery of tenement life

D. The civil rights movement

E. Global warming

The carton drawn in 1754 served asA. Thomas Paine’s warning against political repression

B. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against the French

C. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against British authority

D. the Committee of Correspondence’s warning of impending attack against the colonies.

E. the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party

Anglo-American women in COLONIAL TIMESAnglo-American women in COLONIAL TIMES

A. could own property or execute legal documents only if they were widowed or unmarried

B. enjoyed more liberties and rights than did Native American women

C.attended church less frequently than did Anglo-American men

D.were more likely than men to do agricultural work

E. were required by law by learn to read and write, in order to teach their children

Those few women who reached the age of maturity and remained unmarried Those few women who reached the age of maturity and remained unmarried had the same legal standing as menhad the same legal standing as men, except they were denied the right to vote. , except they were denied the right to vote. Widows had the same legal rights as unmarried women but Widows had the same legal rights as unmarried women but ALL married ALL married women forfeited nearly all their rights to the HUSBANDS.women forfeited nearly all their rights to the HUSBANDS.

Anything a woman owned prior to marriage Anything a woman owned prior to marriage BECAME her BECAME her husbands property.husbands property.

All of the following Supreme Court decision during All of the following Supreme Court decision during JOHN MARSHALL’S tenure as Supreme Court Justice JOHN MARSHALL’S tenure as Supreme Court Justice

to strengthen the federal government to strengthen the federal government exceptexcept

A.A. Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824

B.B. Marbury v. Madison, 1803Marbury v. Madison, 1803

C.C. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

D.D. Worcester v. Georgia, 1831Worcester v. Georgia, 1831

E.E. McCulloch v. Maryland,1819McCulloch v. Maryland,1819

The Dred Scott case The Dred Scott case actually limited the actually limited the power of the federal power of the federal governmentgovernment by by stating that stating that Congress had no Congress had no authority to authority to determine where determine where slaveryslavery couldcould and and could notcould not go. go. Furthermore, Furthermore, this this was was not a Marshall not a Marshall decisiondecision..

During the seventeenth century, colonists’ daily life was influenced the most by

A. The Baptists in the Carolinas

B. The Puritans in Massachusetts

C. The Baptists in Rhode Island

D. The Catholics in Maryland

E. The Anglicans in Virginia

Jacob Riis was a famous “muckraker” who wrote about

A. Governmental corruption

B. The powerful union of the 19th century

C. The misery of tenement life

D. The civil rights movement

E. Global warming

The carton to the right drawn in 1754 served as

A. Thomas Paine’s warning against political repression

B. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against the French

C. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against British authority

D. the Committee of Correspondence’s warning of impending attack against the colonies.

E. the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party