Emerging Technology in Emerging Technology in Education: Mobile DevicesEducation: Mobile Devices

ITEC 7445ITEC 7445

Summer 2013Summer 2013

Joe HilliardJoe Hilliard

General Purpose of Mobile Devices General Purpose of Mobile Devices (tablets, smart-phones, handheld (tablets, smart-phones, handheld entertainment systems, etc.)entertainment systems, etc.)

““Anywhere, anytime learning”Anywhere, anytime learning” Gather, access, and process info in and outside of Gather, access, and process info in and outside of

classclass Reach underserved childrenReach underserved children

Low cost and accessibilityLow cost and accessibility Improve 21Improve 21stst Century social interaction Century social interaction

Promote and foster collaboration and communicationPromote and foster collaboration and communication Fit with learning environmentsFit with learning environments

Overcome challenges associated with larger Overcome challenges associated with larger technologiestechnologies

Enable a personalized learning experienceEnable a personalized learning experience Adaptable to individual and diverse learnersAdaptable to individual and diverse learners

Replacement for textbooksReplacement for textbooks

How Mobile Devices Can Support the Vision of How Mobile Devices Can Support the Vision of Technology in Cobb County Technology in Cobb County

The mission of Cobb County Technology, as an integral part of curriculum, instruction, The mission of Cobb County Technology, as an integral part of curriculum, instruction, assessment and learning, prepares students to succeed in a global community. Our assessment and learning, prepares students to succeed in a global community. Our students will be equipped with twenty-first century technology skills to demonstrate, apply students will be equipped with twenty-first century technology skills to demonstrate, apply and communicate their learning. College and career ready graduates must have these skills and communicate their learning. College and career ready graduates must have these skills (Three Year Technology Plan, 2011, p. 3).(Three Year Technology Plan, 2011, p. 3).

Engages students in quality learning Engages students in quality learning experiences requiring higher-order experiences requiring higher-order thinking skills to solve authentic thinking skills to solve authentic problems. problems.

Students will use next generation Students will use next generation technology tools to access, analyze technology tools to access, analyze and apply increasingly complex and apply increasingly complex information to draw conclusion and information to draw conclusion and make informed decisions. make informed decisions.

Student learning will be enhanced Student learning will be enhanced through open access and equitable through open access and equitable distribution of online communication distribution of online communication tools and information resources.tools and information resources.

Students and teachers will be Students and teachers will be technologically literate and will model technologically literate and will model responsible digital citizenship through responsible digital citizenship through the ethical use of information.the ethical use of information.

Students and teachers will use Students and teachers will use technology to extend learning beyond technology to extend learning beyond the classroom and the school day.the classroom and the school day.

Students will use technology to Students will use technology to connect and collaborate with connect and collaborate with classmates, educators, and experts classmates, educators, and experts around the world. Students, around the world. Students, teachers, and educational leaders teachers, and educational leaders will use technology to assess, will use technology to assess, monitor, analyze, and report.monitor, analyze, and report.

Student performance data Student performance data immediately to inform instructional immediately to inform instructional planning and provide timely planning and provide timely targeted feedback to students and targeted feedback to students and teachers.teachers.

Improve communication between Improve communication between district stakeholders, ensuring that district stakeholders, ensuring that students, parents, teachers, students, parents, teachers, administrators, support personnel, administrators, support personnel, board members, and community board members, and community members receive relevant members receive relevant information.information.

(Three Year Technology Plan, 2011, (Three Year Technology Plan, 2011, p. 3)p. 3)

Specific Examples of How Mobile Specific Examples of How Mobile Devices Can Support the Vision of Devices Can Support the Vision of

Technology In Cobb CountyTechnology In Cobb County Call up information, narrative Call up information, narrative

text, video, and audio outside of text, video, and audio outside of the classroom (NETS-S 3)the classroom (NETS-S 3)

Simulations allow students to Simulations allow students to work collaboratively or work collaboratively or competitively to reach a goal competitively to reach a goal (NETS-S 2)(NETS-S 2)

Special Education (assistive Special Education (assistive technology) – voice output or technology) – voice output or communication apps (NETS-S 2)communication apps (NETS-S 2)

Peer collaboration like texting, Peer collaboration like texting, blogs, blogs, SkypeSkype, or , or Today’s MeetToday’s Meet (NETS-S 3)(NETS-S 3)

The International Children’s The International Children’s Digital Library (ICDL), the Digital Library (ICDL), the world’s largest collection of world’s largest collection of children’s literature available children’s literature available freely on the Internet, recently freely on the Internet, recently announced the release of the announced the release of the ICDL for iPhone application ICDL for iPhone application (NETS-S 3)(NETS-S 3)

Accessing the wealth of Accessing the wealth of knowledge, tools, programs, and knowledge, tools, programs, and experts on the web (NETS-S 3)experts on the web (NETS-S 3)

Environmental Detectives - an Environmental Detectives - an outdoor game in which players outdoor game in which players using GPS-guided handheld using GPS-guided handheld computers try to uncover the computers try to uncover the source of a toxic spill by source of a toxic spill by interviewing virtual characters, interviewing virtual characters, conducting large-scale simulated conducting large-scale simulated environmental measurements, environmental measurements, and analyzing data (NETS-S 3)and analyzing data (NETS-S 3)

Mobile Learning Institute - Mobile Learning Institute - delivers engaging, personalized, delivers engaging, personalized, project-based learning right to project-based learning right to classrooms and community classrooms and community centers across the U.S. (NETS-S centers across the U.S. (NETS-S 6)6)

Record a video podcast for an Record a video podcast for an oral history project (NETS-S 1)oral history project (NETS-S 1)

Age and Grade LevelAge and Grade Level

From kindergarten to 12From kindergarten to 12thth Grade – mobile devices can Grade – mobile devices can work at all levelswork at all levels Kindergarten through 5Kindergarten through 5thth Grade – Grade –

tablets, entertainment systems tablets, entertainment systems (Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), (Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), & as assistive technology& as assistive technology

6-126-12thth Grade – tablets, smart Grade – tablets, smart phones (BYOD), entertainment phones (BYOD), entertainment systems, and as assistive systems, and as assistive technology technology

Equipment Required Including Equipment Required Including Peripheral EquipmentPeripheral Equipment Tablet – Android powered touchscreen (Wi-Fi Tablet – Android powered touchscreen (Wi-Fi

or 4G) - includes all textbooks, lessons, tests or 4G) - includes all textbooks, lessons, tests and e-books. and e-books.

Teacher dashboard (for use with tablet) - Teacher dashboard (for use with tablet) - allows for monitoring, conducting polls, and allows for monitoring, conducting polls, and “raise-your-hand capability,” & “eyes on “raise-your-hand capability,” & “eyes on teacher” button that all students would teacher” button that all students would receive instantly.receive instantly.

For BYOD: students would use their own For BYOD: students would use their own device, but measures would have to be taken device, but measures would have to be taken for students who do not have one (funding for students who do not have one (funding for low income or extras in the closet).for low income or extras in the closet).

Technical Support Available for Teachers, Technical Support Available for Teachers, Administrators, and StudentsAdministrators, and Students

TabletsTablets company furnishing tablets will provide training and company furnishing tablets will provide training and

technical support for teachers and administrators for the technical support for teachers and administrators for the first three years of implementation.first three years of implementation.

company will provide technical and educational support for company will provide technical and educational support for tablets through 1-800 number and website for five years.tablets through 1-800 number and website for five years.

district instructional technology support specialists will district instructional technology support specialists will receive extra training to support teachers and their use of receive extra training to support teachers and their use of tablets. tablets.

BYODBYOD guidelines for BYOD and what teachers need to know about guidelines for BYOD and what teachers need to know about

engaging students, parent permission, age requirements for engaging students, parent permission, age requirements for certain sites, etc. and the Edmodo website updates, posts, certain sites, etc. and the Edmodo website updates, posts, and sharing of resources from other teacher across the and sharing of resources from other teacher across the district who are engaged in BYOD (from Cobb Professional district who are engaged in BYOD (from Cobb Professional Learning Community in Edmodo).Learning Community in Edmodo).

Limitations & IssuesLimitations & Issues Updating devicesUpdating devices Intermittent Intermittent

connectivity & slow connectivity & slow speedsspeeds

Cost & easy to breakCost & easy to break Adapting it for special Adapting it for special

needsneeds Negative aspects of Negative aspects of

mobile learningmobile learning Potential for distractionPotential for distraction Unethical behavior Unethical behavior

(cheating, cyberbullying, (cheating, cyberbullying, etc.) etc.)

Physical health concerns (of Physical health concerns (of using too much)using too much)

Data privacy issuesData privacy issues Increased screen timeIncreased screen time Growing acceptance of Growing acceptance of

slangslang Difficulty monitoring access Difficulty monitoring access

to & inappropriate contentto & inappropriate content

Only pockets of Only pockets of implementation right implementation right nownow

Lack of well-financed, Lack of well-financed, coherent, or highly coherent, or highly visible efforts in mobile visible efforts in mobile learninglearning

Model initiatives are Model initiatives are fragmentedfragmented

Multi-sectored Multi-sectored leadership is needed to leadership is needed to connect effortsconnect efforts

School liabilitySchool liability Limited physical Limited physical

attributesattributes Restricted text entryRestricted text entry Small screen sizeSmall screen size Limited battery lifeLimited battery life

Cost (including training and Cost (including training and technical support)technical support) Tablet with Wi-Fi: $200-299Tablet with Wi-Fi: $200-299 Tablet with 4G: $250-349 Tablet with 4G: $250-349 Two years service and materials contract: Two years service and materials contract:

$99 for a WiFi and $179 for 4G$99 for a WiFi and $179 for 4G Tablet prices are expected to drop to $263 Tablet prices are expected to drop to $263

in 2015 (Should Tablets Replace in 2015 (Should Tablets Replace Textbooks?, 2013)Textbooks?, 2013)

The Los Angeles School District will spend The Los Angeles School District will spend $30 million to provide teachers and $30 million to provide teachers and students with iPads in 47 schools (31,000 students with iPads in 47 schools (31,000 iPads for 640,000 students at $678 an iPad)iPads for 640,000 students at $678 an iPad)(Plummer, M. 2013). (Plummer, M. 2013).

Potential Funding Sources to Potential Funding Sources to Support ImplementationSupport Implementation Special Local Option Sales Tax (SPLOST) – Special Local Option Sales Tax (SPLOST) –

previous SPLOSTs have not supported any previous SPLOSTs have not supported any funding for mobile devices fro students.funding for mobile devices fro students.

SPLOST IV – the plan is to provide students SPLOST IV – the plan is to provide students with computing devices for online with computing devices for online assessments for Common Core Performance assessments for Common Core Performance Based Assessment.Based Assessment.

General Fund, Title I, Title IID, Title III, General Fund, Title I, Title IID, Title III, Professional Learning for professional Professional Learning for professional development and curriculum development.development and curriculum development.

How Mobile Devices Can Help Cobb How Mobile Devices Can Help Cobb County Meet the Content Standards & County Meet the Content Standards &

Student Technology StandardsStudent Technology Standards Formative assessments Formative assessments

(improved feedback) by texting (improved feedback) by texting answers to quiz questionsanswers to quiz questions

Google Apps - reads Google Apps - reads documents aloud with dual-documents aloud with dual-color highlight, provides access color highlight, provides access to a text or picture dictionary, to a text or picture dictionary, and allows students to and allows students to highlight, then place highlight, then place highlighted text into a separate highlighted text into a separate document to build vocabulary document to build vocabulary listslists

Casual multiplayer games that Casual multiplayer games that involve player-to-player involve player-to-player interaction interaction

Windows Mobile handheld Windows Mobile handheld computers. The immersive computers. The immersive simulations include science, simulations include science, math, and some social science–math, and some social science–based games that are played based games that are played as a whole class.as a whole class.

Combine computer gaming Combine computer gaming and curriculum conceptsand curriculum concepts

JUMP game - hybrid JUMP game - hybrid vocabulary instructional vocabulary instructional program and role-playing program and role-playing adventure game designed to adventure game designed to teach and assess word-teach and assess word-learning strategies and to learning strategies and to increase the student’s increase the student’s vocabulary through an vocabulary through an innovative mix of teaching innovative mix of teaching methods, storytelling, and methods, storytelling, and game play.game play.

How Mobile Devices Promote Specific How Mobile Devices Promote Specific Student Learning Goals, Higher Order Student Learning Goals, Higher Order Thinking, Research-Based Learning, Thinking, Research-Based Learning, Writing Process, Language Domains, Writing Process, Language Domains, etc.etc.

Accessing digital information that overlays Accessing digital information that overlays the real world around them (augmenting the real world around them (augmenting reality) reality) Augmented reality simulations engage people in Augmented reality simulations engage people in

games that combine real-world experiences games that combine real-world experiences with additional information supplied to them by with additional information supplied to them by location-aware handheld computers.location-aware handheld computers.

Can increase student engagement and Can increase student engagement and accountability and promote collaborative accountability and promote collaborative problem-solving and interdependenceproblem-solving and interdependence

Students can send and receive problem Students can send and receive problem solving strategies solving strategies

How Mobile Devices can be How Mobile Devices can be used to Differentiate used to Differentiate InstructionInstruction Gives students in math multiple ways to learn a Gives students in math multiple ways to learn a

conceptconcept Teachers can use data from mobile technologies Teachers can use data from mobile technologies

to personalize education by selecting content and to personalize education by selecting content and instructional strategies that best meets the needs instructional strategies that best meets the needs of individual students.of individual students.

iRead - highly personalized, media-based literacy iRead - highly personalized, media-based literacy intervention system that targets the instructional intervention system that targets the instructional needs of individual students.needs of individual students.

Allows for a 360 degree approach to learningAllows for a 360 degree approach to learning In-school learning is aligned with afterschool and home In-school learning is aligned with afterschool and home

settings settings Scaffolding learning across different setting by helping Scaffolding learning across different setting by helping

make connections make connections

How Mobile Devices Promote How Mobile Devices Promote Communication Locally and Globally with Communication Locally and Globally with Students, Parents, Peers, and the Larger Students, Parents, Peers, and the Larger CommunityCommunity Students can link to mobile devices at Students can link to mobile devices at

home that offers educational softwarehome that offers educational software Peer collaboration (i.e. texting, Peer collaboration (i.e. texting, Today’s Today’s

MeetMeet, blogging)., blogging). Instead of having to find the time to log Instead of having to find the time to log

onto a website or attend a meeting, parents onto a website or attend a meeting, parents can receive messages on their cell phones.can receive messages on their cell phones.

GeohistorianGeohistorian project: students can use project: students can use mobile phones to take photos, video ,and mobile phones to take photos, video ,and audio clips of local landmarks and use them audio clips of local landmarks and use them to make short movies for the internet. QR to make short movies for the internet. QR codes can then be accessed by regular codes can then be accessed by regular citizens. citizens.

Research Available on the Effectiveness of Mobile Research Available on the Effectiveness of Mobile Devices in a School EnvironmentDevices in a School Environment

Onslow County, North Carolina - Project K-Nect: pilot education Onslow County, North Carolina - Project K-Nect: pilot education program used smart-phones with advanced mobile broadband program used smart-phones with advanced mobile broadband technologies to deliver educational material to ninth-grade technologies to deliver educational material to ninth-grade students in North Carolina. 75 percent of participating classes students in North Carolina. 75 percent of participating classes outperformed other cohorts in math subjects. Students also outperformed other cohorts in math subjects. Students also displayed increases in average study time and significant gains displayed increases in average study time and significant gains in parental involvement (Shuler, 2009, p. 16).in parental involvement (Shuler, 2009, p. 16).

A group of teachers in California used iPod devices paired with A group of teachers in California used iPod devices paired with Belkin recorders improved student reading. Data collected Belkin recorders improved student reading. Data collected from a small group of fourth-graders found that using iPod from a small group of fourth-graders found that using iPod devices to practice fluency resulted in more rapid improvement devices to practice fluency resulted in more rapid improvement rates compared with a control classroom (Shuler, 2009, p. 15).rates compared with a control classroom (Shuler, 2009, p. 15).

Research has shown that augmented reality games are Research has shown that augmented reality games are successful in engaging secondary-school students in large-successful in engaging secondary-school students in large-scale scientific investigations, and is particularly appropriate scale scientific investigations, and is particularly appropriate for investigating socio-scientific issues such as those involving for investigating socio-scientific issues such as those involving environmental and public health concerns (Shuler, 2009, p. 40)environmental and public health concerns (Shuler, 2009, p. 40)

The Mooresville Graded School District in North Carolina The Mooresville Graded School District in North Carolina reported a 64% reduction in disciplinary suspensions since the reported a 64% reduction in disciplinary suspensions since the implementation of Digital Conversion, a 1:1 laptop program; implementation of Digital Conversion, a 1:1 laptop program; they also noted a 21% composite gain on state end-of-course they also noted a 21% composite gain on state end-of-course tests during the same period (Fritschi & Wolf, 2012, p. 26.)tests during the same period (Fritschi & Wolf, 2012, p. 26.)

Plan for Implementing Mobile Devices in the Plan for Implementing Mobile Devices in the School Environment (including professional School Environment (including professional learning to initiate and sustain Mobile learning to initiate and sustain Mobile Devices)Devices) 11stst Phase - limited/pilot program in 10% of all county schools (2 Phase - limited/pilot program in 10% of all county schools (2

years)years) 11stst year – training for teachers (and administrators); includes 6 year – training for teachers (and administrators); includes 6

training in-services during school year and preplanning (roll out training in-services during school year and preplanning (roll out phase). phase).

22ndnd year – implementation with selected schools; continued support year – implementation with selected schools; continued support with 3 inservices; data analysis for evaluationwith 3 inservices; data analysis for evaluation

22ndnd Phase – full implementation in the remaining county schools Phase – full implementation in the remaining county schools (2 years)(2 years) 11stst year – training for teachers (and administrators); includes 6 year – training for teachers (and administrators); includes 6

training in-services during school year and preplanning (roll out training in-services during school year and preplanning (roll out phase). phase).

22ndnd year – county wide implementation in remaining schools (90%); year – county wide implementation in remaining schools (90%); continued support with 3 inservices; data analysis for evaluation continued support with 3 inservices; data analysis for evaluation

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 11stst and 2 and 2ndnd phase together will last three years. phase together will last three years. The second year of the 1st phase and the first year of the 2nd The second year of the 1st phase and the first year of the 2nd

phase will run concurrently.phase will run concurrently. Training will include both tablet (purchased by the county), BYOD Training will include both tablet (purchased by the county), BYOD

devices, and assistive technology training.devices, and assistive technology training. Training and implementation for the second phase will incorporate Training and implementation for the second phase will incorporate

lessons learned from the 1lessons learned from the 1stst phase. phase.

What I Learned About Mobile What I Learned About Mobile DevicesDevices Students prefer them Students prefer them

over laptopsover laptops MDs motivates studentsMDs motivates students They are cheaper and They are cheaper and

more plentiful than more plentiful than laptops or desktop laptops or desktop workstationsworkstations

There is a shorter There is a shorter learning curve – learning curve – students are used to students are used to themthem

They are physically less They are physically less obtrusiveobtrusive

ReflectionReflection

I have learned that mobile devices I have learned that mobile devices have great potential in the have great potential in the classroom. Like so many things at a classroom. Like so many things at a teacher’s disposal it will take teacher’s disposal it will take teachers who are motivated and teachers who are motivated and have the proper training and support have the proper training and support to make the most of their to make the most of their implementation. When all is said and implementation. When all is said and done it is just one of the many tools done it is just one of the many tools that can help them get the job done. that can help them get the job done.

(2011). Three Year Technology Plan. (2011). Three Year Technology Plan. Cobb County School DistrictCobb County School District. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://www.cobbk12.org/centraloffice/InstructionalTechnology/TechPlan/http://www.cobbk12.org/centraloffice/InstructionalTechnology/TechPlan/2012_2015_CCSD_District_Technology_Plan.pdf.2012_2015_CCSD_District_Technology_Plan.pdf.

(2013). Should Tablets Replace Textbooks in K-12 Schools? ProCon.org. Retrieved from (2013). Should Tablets Replace Textbooks in K-12 Schools? ProCon.org. Retrieved from http://tablets-textbooks.procon.org/#background.http://tablets-textbooks.procon.org/#background.

Allen, R. (2011). Can Mobile Devices Transform Education?. Allen, R. (2011). Can Mobile Devices Transform Education?. Education UpdateEducation Update. . Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/education-update/feb11/Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/education-update/feb11/vol53/num02/Can-Mobile-Devices-Transform-Education%C2%A2.aspx.vol53/num02/Can-Mobile-Devices-Transform-Education%C2%A2.aspx.

Fritschi, J. & Wolf, M. (2012). Turning on Mobile Learning in North America. UNESCO. Fritschi, J. & Wolf, M. (2012). Turning on Mobile Learning in North America. UNESCO. Retrieved from http://www.cobbk12.org/centraloffice/instructionaltechnology/IL/BYOD/Retrieved from http://www.cobbk12.org/centraloffice/instructionaltechnology/IL/BYOD/MobileLearningIn NorthAmerica.pdf.MobileLearningIn NorthAmerica.pdf.

Plummer, M. (2013). Tablets in the Classroom Bring Cutting Edge Problems too. Plummer, M. (2013). Tablets in the Classroom Bring Cutting Edge Problems too. Pass/Fail. O89.3KPCC. Retrieved from Pass/Fail. O89.3KPCC. Retrieved from http://www.scpr.org/blogs/education/2013/06/24/14087/tablets-in-the-classroom-bring-http://www.scpr.org/blogs/education/2013/06/24/14087/tablets-in-the-classroom-bring-cutting-edge-proble/. cutting-edge-proble/.

Schaffhauser, D. (2013). The Surprising Ways BYOD, Flipped Classrooms, and 1-to-1 Are Schaffhauser, D. (2013). The Surprising Ways BYOD, Flipped Classrooms, and 1-to-1 Are Being Used in the Special Ed Classroom. Being Used in the Special Ed Classroom. The JournalThe Journal. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://thejournal.com/Articles/2013/06 /04/The-Surprising-Ways-BYOD-Flipped-http://thejournal.com/Articles/2013/06 /04/The-Surprising-Ways-BYOD-Flipped-Classrooms-and-1-to-1-Are-Being-Used-in-the-Special-Ed-Classroom.aspx?Page=2. Classrooms-and-1-to-1-Are-Being-Used-in-the-Special-Ed-Classroom.aspx?Page=2.

Shuler, C. (2009). Pockets of Potential. Shuler, C. (2009). Pockets of Potential. The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop. Workshop. Retrieved from http://pbskids.org/read/files/pockets_of_potential.pdf.Retrieved from http://pbskids.org/read/files/pockets_of_potential.pdf.

Trotter, A.(2009). Mobile Devices Seen as Key to 21st-Century Learning. Trotter, A.(2009). Mobile Devices Seen as Key to 21st-Century Learning. Education Education WeekWeek. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2009/01/09/04mobile.h02.html.. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2009/01/09/04mobile.h02.html.

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