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Emergency Response Plan and Preparedness.

OBJECTIVES:By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:-

Explain the definition of emergency.Explain the definition of accident.Explain emergency response plan.Identify prevention and planning strategy.

Emergency definitiona sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or occasion requiring immediate action. a state, especially of need for help or relief, created by some unexpected event

An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation.Definition Accident definitionAn unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in harm, damage , loss or injury.

An accident, mishap, or misadventure, is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity. It usually implies a generally negative outcome which might have been avoided or prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence. Injury prevention refers to activities designed to foresee and avoid accidents.

In the modern workplace, there are many different types of accident prevention programs ranging from the simple to the complex.

In the early 1800s, employers had little concern for the safety of workers and little incentive to be concerned. Consequently, organized safety programs were nonexistent, a situation that continued for many years.Accident prevention programs5This, in turn, led to the development of organized safety programs sponsored by management. Early safety programs were based on the three Es of safety:Engineering Education Enforcement Accident prevention programs6The engineering aspects of a safety program involve making design improvements to both product and process. By altering the design of a product, the processes used to manufacture it can be simplified and, as a result, made less dangerous. In addition, the manufacturing processes for products can be engineered in ways that decrease potential hazards associated with the processes.Accident prevention programs7The education aspect of a safety program ensures that employees know how to work safely, why it is important to do so, and that safety is expected by management, safety education typically covers the what, when, where, why, and how of safety.

The enforcement aspect of a safety program involves making sure that employees abide by safety policies, rules, Regulations, practices, and procedures. Supervisors and fellow employees play a key role in the enforcement aspects of modern safety programs. Accident prevention programs8An emergency is a potentially life-threatening situation, usually occurring suddenly and unexpectedly. Emergencies may be the result of natural or human causes.Rationale for emergency preparation9Some common emergencies are:-

FireExplosionBlackout or electrical/ power failuresAccidental release of hazardous substances/pollutions.Natural disasters Bomb threatsHysteriaDrowningTypes of common emergenciesDeveloping an Emergency Respond Preparedness (ERP) or Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is a major step in planning and preparing for emergencies.Emergencies plan

When an emergency occurs, immediate reaction is essential, speed in responding can mean the difference between life and death or between minimal damage and major damage.

Ideally , all those involved should be able to respond properly with minimum hesitation.

This can happen only if all emergencies have been planned for and planned procedures have been practiced, evaluated, and improved.Rationale for emergency preparation

12a) Emergency Respond Preparedness Procedures. Elements of emergency preparation

13Steps of Emergency Respond Plan (ERP)Emergency Respond Plan (ERP) should have following elements:-

Identify types of emergencyDetermine emergency response proceduresDetermine the ERP routes and floor plansDetermine shut down on procedures for critical plant operations.Procedures for after emergency evacuation situation.

Cont..Identify roles and responsibilities of ERP teamsDetermine fire fighting procedures and chemical spill response procedures.Means of communication.

A quick and proper response, which results because of proper preparation can prevent panic, decrease the likelihood of injury and damage, and bring the situation under control in a timely manner. Because no workplace is immune to emergencies, preparing for them is critical.

An important component of preparation is planning.Rationale outcome for emergency preparation16Good coordination is critical during an emergency situation. All personnel in charges should listed their names, coordination's, and also their contact numbers.

b) Coordination

Emergency Response Teams (ERT) are the first line of defense in emergencies. The fire fighting squad members should be trained on handling hazards that arise during the emergency such as chemical hazards, spills, explosion ,etc. The first aid team members should be well trained on handling any injured worker, and to provide an early medical treatment.

Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans

Every person who will be involved in responding to a given emergency should know his or her assignment. Each persons responsibilities should be clearly spelled out and understood. One person may be responsible for conducting an evacuation of the affected area, another for the immediate shutdown of all equipment, and another for telephoning for medical, fire, or other types of emergency assistance. When developing this part of the EAP , it is important to assign a backup person for each area of responsibility. c) Assignments and responsibilities.20These strategies are suppose to be implemented and to be monitored on day by days basis to prevent the outbreak of emergencies.d) Accident Prevention StrategiesAll plans, procedures should be evaluated and tested for practicability.Fire drill trainings and emergency simulation trainings must be carried once in two years of periodically to train the employees so as to remain active and aware of the emergency respond procedures and plan.e) Schedules and Trainings

Once fire is out of control, the first important step to do is the prompt evacuation of all personnel to a safe place.Every exit must be clearly visible, so that every occupant of the building will readily know the direction of escape from any point.The management must ensure all exits and egress are not blocked at all times.f ) Means of escape

An emergency plans should include emergency procedures after the emergency situation has been put under control, such as cleaning up, safe storage and disposal of contaminated or burnt substances.Post mortem shall need to be carried out to review emergency plan, coordination, and its overall effectiveness.Records shall need to be kept for review and future tracking.g ) Recovery and Evaluation

Emergency planning checklist25a) If you discover a fire:

Active the nearest fire alarmNotify your supervisor or nearest superiorNotify the safety and health coordinator, or security or safety officer: give the location, nature of fire, your name, department.Identify and authorized staff to notify the fire services and Rescue Department or Police.

Example: Fire Emergency proceduresb) Fight the fire ONLY if:

The fire is small and confined in originYou have a way out and can fight the fire with your back to exit.You have access and able to use the fire extinguisher and it is in good working order.If you are not able to arrest the fire, then leave the area.Cont..C ) If your hear a fire alarm :

Seek confirmation from the superior and wait for instructions.Evacuate the area. Close window turn of gas valves, electrical points switch off machinesLeaves the building and move towards the exist/ stair cases (NO LIFTS)Evacuate orderly, walk briskly and do not run or pushCont..Assemble in the designated area, open space such as car park, road Report to the assembly controller on total number of personnel and any missing personRemain until further notice or instruction form the authorities that indicated it is safe to re-enter.Cont..

Questions ?