emergency preparedness of disasters bang jiang sing 17 goh chun pei 15 leong mee ann 13

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

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Page 1: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESSOF DISASTERS

BANG JIANG SING 17GOH CHUN PEI 15LEONG MEE ANN 13

Page 2: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

FIRES

Page 3: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Characteristics of Fire In just 2 minutes, a fire can become

life-threatening. In 5 minutes, a residence can be engulfed in

flames. Heat and smoke from fire can be more

dangerous than the flames. Inhaling the

super-hot air can sear your lungs. Fire produces poisonous gases that make you

disoriented and drowsy. Instead of being awakened by a fire, you may

fall into a deeper sleep. Asphyxiation is the leading cause of fire

deaths, exceeding burns by a 3 to 1 ratio.

Page 4: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

During a Fire

Question: What should you do if your clothes are on fire?

Page 5: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

ANS:If your clothes catch on fire, you should:• Stop, drop, and roll—until the fire is extinguished. Running only makes the fire burn faster.

Page 6: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Question:You need to escape a fire through a closed door. What, if anything,should you do before opening the door?

Page 7: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

ANS:you should: Check closed doors for heat before you open them. use the back of your hand to feel the top of the door,the doorknob, and the crack between the door and door frame before you open it.

Page 8: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Cool Door Hot Door

Open slowly and ensure fire and /or smoke is not blocking your escape route.If your escape route is blocked, shut the door immediately and use an alternate escape route, such as a window. If clear,leave immediately through the door and close it behind you. Be prepared to crawl.

Do not open. Escape through a window.

If you cannot escape,

hang a

white or light-colored sheet

outside the window,

alerting fire fighters to

your

presence.

Page 9: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Question:To escape in thick smoke, what should you do?

Page 10: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

ANS: Crawl low under any smoke to your exit—heavy smoke

and poisonous gases collect first along the ceiling.

Close doors behind you as you escape to delay the spread of the fire.

Page 11: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

And the most important thing,

Call the emergency telephone number in Malaysia

999

Page 12: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Basic Disaster Supplies Kit• Three-day supply of non-

perishable food.• Three-day supply of water – one gallon of water per person, per day.• Portable, battery-powered radio or television and extra batteries.• Flashlight and extra batteries.• First aid kit and manual.• Sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet paper).

Page 13: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

• Matches and waterproof container.• Whistle.• Extra clothing.• Kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, including a can opener.• Photocopies of credit and identification cards.• Cash and coins.• Sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person).

Page 14: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13
Page 15: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

If a flood is likely in your area, you should:

• Listen to the radio or television for information.

• Be aware that flash flooding can occur.

flash floods have a dangerous wall of roaring 咆哮 water that carries rocks, mud 泥浆 , and other debris 碎片 and can sweep away most things in its path

If there is any possibility of a flash flood,

move immediately to higher ground.

Do not wait for instructions to move.

Page 16: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

• Be aware of streams, drainage channels 排水道 , canyons 峡谷 , and other areas known to flood suddenly.

Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical 特有的 warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.

Page 17: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

If you must prepare to evacuate 疏散 , you should do the following:

• Secure 使安全 your home.

If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture.

Move essential items to an upper floor.

• Turn off utilities 公共设施 at the main switches if instructed to do so.

Disconnect electrical appliances.

Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.

Page 18: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:

• Do not walk through moving water. o Six inches ( 15.24cm ) of moving water can make you fall. o If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving.o Use a stick to check the firmness 坚固度 of the ground in front of

you.

• Do not drive into flooded areas. o If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to

higher ground.

Page 19: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

The following are important points to remember when driving in flood conditions:

• Six inches ( 15.24cm ) of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling 拖延 .

• A foot ( 30.48cm ) of water will float many vehicles.

• Two feet ( 60.96cm ) of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.

Page 20: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13
Page 21: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

There are 3 water treatment methods. They are as follows:Boiling

Chlorination

Distillation

Page 22: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

BoilingBoiling is the safest method of treating water.

In a large pot or kettle, bring water to a rolling boil for 1 full minute, keeping in mind that some water will evaporate.

Let the water cool before drinking.

Page 23: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

ChlorinationYou can use household liquid bleach 漂白 to kill

microorganisms.

Use only regular household liquid bleach that contains 5.25 to 6.0 percent sodium hypochlorite.

Do not use scented 有香味的 bleaches, color safe bleaches, or bleaches with added cleaners.

Because the potency 效力 of bleach diminishes with time, use bleach from a newly opened or unopened bottle.

Page 24: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Add 16 drops (1/8 teaspoon) of bleach per gallon of water, stir 搅拌 , and let stand for 30 minutes. The water should have a slight bleach odor. If it doesn’t, then repeat the dosage 剂量 and let stand another 15 minutes.

If it still does not smell of chlorine, discard 抛弃 it and find another source of water.

Other chemicals, such as iodine or water treatment products sold in camping or surplus 过多的 stores that do not contain 5.25 to 6.0 percent sodium hypochlorite as the only active ingredient, are not recommended and should not be used.

Page 25: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Distillation involves boiling water and then collecting only the vapor

that condenses.

condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities.

To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot’s lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.

Page 26: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Effectiveness of WaterTreatment Methods

Methods Kills

Microbes

Removes other contaminants (heavy metals,

salts, and most other chemicals)

Boiling √

Chlorination √

Distillation √ √

Page 27: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Thunderstorms and

Lightning

Page 28: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

The following are facts about thunderstorms:

• They may occur singly, in clusters, or in lines.• Some of the most severe occur when a

single thunderstorm affects one location for an extended time.

• Thunderstorms typically produce heavy rain for a brief period, anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour.

Page 29: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

The following are facts about lightning:

• Lightning often strikes outside of heavy rain and may occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall.

• “Heat lightning” is actually lightning from a thunderstorm too far away for thunder to be heard. However, the storm may be moving in your direction!

• Your chances of being struck by lightning are estimated to be 1 in 600,000, but could be reduced even further by following safety precautions.

.

Page 30: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Knowledge about protective measure of thunderstorms

and lightning

Page 31: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Can we wear rubber-soled shoes and rubber tires at

that time?• Remember, rubber-soled shoes and rubber tires provide NO protection from

lightning.

• However, the steel frame of a hard-topped vehicle provides increased protection if you are not touching metal.

(law of Faraday’s Cage)

Page 32: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Can we take a shower or bath?• Avoid showering or bathing.

• Plumbing and bathroom fixtures can conduct electricity.

Page 33: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Can we shut all the windows and

doors in a building? • Shutter windows and secure outside

doors.

• If shutters are not available, close window blinds, shades, or curtains.

Page 34: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Is it safe to use the cell phone

during lightning?• Use a corded telephone only for emergencies.

• Cordless and cellular telephones are safe to use.

Page 35: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

If you are: Then:

In a forest Seek shelter in a low area under a thick growth of small trees.

In an open area Go to a low place such as a ravine or valley. Be alert for fl ash floods.

Page 36: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

On open water Get to land and find shelter immediately.

Anywhere you feel your hair stand on end (which indicates that lightning is about to strike)

Squat low to the ground on the balls of your feet. Place your hands over your ears and your head between your knees. Make yourself the smallest target possible and minimize your contact with the ground. DO NOT lie flat on the ground.

Page 37: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Recovering from Disaster

Page 38: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Aiding the Injured• If the victim is not breathing, carefully

position the victim for artificial respiration,

clear the airway, and commence mouth-to-

mouth resuscitation.

• Maintain body temperature with blankets.

Be sure the victim does not become

overheated.

• Never try to feed liquids to an unconscious

person.

Page 39: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Health•Be aware of exhaustion. Don’t try to do too

much at once. Set priorities and pace

yourself. Get enough rest.

• Drink plenty of clean water.

• Eat well.

• Wear sturdy work boots and gloves.

• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and

clean water often when working in debris.

Page 40: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Returning Home• Use a battery-powered flash light to inspect a

damaged home.

Note: The flashlight should be turned on outside before entering—the battery

may produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.

• Stay off the streets. If you must go out,

watch for fallen objects; downed electrical

wires; and weakened walls, bridges, roads, and sidewalks.

Page 41: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

Do not enter if:

• You smell gas.

• Floodwaters remain around the building.

• Your home was damaged by fire and the authorities have not declared it safe.

Page 42: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF DISASTERS BANG JIANG SING 17 GOH CHUN PEI 15 LEONG MEE ANN 13

The following are ways to ease

disaster-related stress:• Talk with someone about your feelings

• Do not hold yourself responsible for the disastrous event or be frustrated because

you feel you cannot help directly in the rescue work.

• Do healthy eating, rest, exercise, relaxation, and meditation.

• Spend time with family and friends.