Emancipation Proclamation

The War - 1862• Merrimac vs. Monitor (March)• Peninsular campaign begins (March)• Battle of Shiloh (Tennessee) (April)• New Orleans occupied (April)• Lee turns back McClellan (July)• 2nd Bull Run (August)• Lee begins advance into Maryland (Aug/Sept)• Antietam (Sept. 17)• Prelim. Emancipation Proclamation (Sept. 22)

Situation in the East

• McClelland commands Federal army• Refuses to move into Virginia

– Fear of larger enemy– Desire to avoid casualties– Not in favor of liberating slaves

• New plan emerges

Peninsula Campaign

• Begins March 1862. McClellan’s plan

• Early June: North lays siege to Richmond

• End of June: Confederate attacks lead to pull back

Situation in the West

• Control of rivers

• Battle of Fort Donelson

• Battle of Fort Henry

Situation in the West

• U. S. Grant

• ”Unconditional Surrender” Grant

• Battle of Shiloh

Shiloh

• U.S. Grant• William T. Sherman

• North: 13,000 casualties• South: 10,000 casualites• Realization that war will

be long & bloody

New Orleans occupied

• Sea invasion• Cut off major city from

Confederacy• Hampered trade• Butler seizes slaves as

”contraband”

July 1862 - East

• Robert E. Lee takes charge

• Take war to North– Rally Maryland to South– Bring in British

July 1862

2nd Bull Run

• Confederate victory• Union army forced out of Virginia

• North: 14,000 casualties• South: 8,000 casualties

• 5x the casualites of 1st Bull Run

Antietam

• Lee takes war to the North, enters Maryland

• Battle is a draw, but...

• North: 12,000 casualites (25%)• South: 10,000 casualties (31%)

• Lee retreats, McClelland waits

Emancipation Proclamation

• Battle allow Lincoln to issue E.P.

• Frees only slaves in states in Confederacy• Effective only 3 months later• Changes nature of war• Prevents British intervention

Emancipation

• Lincoln pressured to declare emancipation• Would add black troops to North• Congress already passed version of it• Pressure from border states not to

• Lincoln desires to free slaves?• Forced to free slaves?

I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be "the Union as it was." ... My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.

What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views. I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men everywhere could be free.