ElenaElena 548A 548A

Genre:Genre: Historical Non-FictionHistorical Non-Fiction Real characters, events, and settings Real characters, events, and settings

combine with non-fictional elements.combine with non-fictional elements. Summary:Summary:

With the Mexican Revolution nearing, With the Mexican Revolution nearing, Elena courageously decides to move Elena courageously decides to move

her family to safety in the United her family to safety in the United StatesStates..

Background Background 548K548K

The stories in this theme are about The stories in this theme are about people from a variety of backgrounds people from a variety of backgrounds

who are part of America’s past.who are part of America’s past. This story is about a real Mexican This story is about a real Mexican

woman who brings her family to woman who brings her family to California during the turbulent years of California during the turbulent years of the Mexican Revolution.the Mexican Revolution.

Read “A Revolution in Mexico” pg. 548 Read “A Revolution in Mexico” pg. 548

What are some difficulties a family might What are some difficulties a family might face while fleeing the Mexican face while fleeing the Mexican Revolution. Revolution.

BackgroundBackground 548K 548K

Let’s discuss these key Let’s discuss these key vocabulary words.vocabulary words.

dictatordictator transformedtransformed

franticfrantic notorious notorious

banditbandit refugeerefugee

VocabularyVocabulary 549A 549A Trans 5-25 PB 323

condolencescondolences: expressions of : expressions of sympathy for a deathsympathy for a death

dictatordictator: a ruler who has : a ruler who has complete power over a countrycomplete power over a country

notoriousnotorious: well known for : well known for having a bad reputationhaving a bad reputation

ruggedrugged: very rough and : very rough and unevenuneven

VocabularyVocabulary 549A 549A

sombrerossombreros: Spanish hats with : Spanish hats with wide brimswide brims

transformedtransformed: changed in : changed in appearanceappearance

urgentlyurgently: in a manner that : in a manner that calls for immediate actioncalls for immediate action

woundswounds: injuries in which the : injuries in which the skin is brokenskin is broken

Vocabulary LinkVocabulary Link haven: a safe placehaven: a safe place symbol: something that strands for symbol: something that strands for

or represents something elseor represents something else opportunities: chances to improve opportunities: chances to improve

oneself and be successfuloneself and be successful tablet: a slab of stone or claytablet: a slab of stone or clay tyranny: a government in which one tyranny: a government in which one

ruler has total power and often acts ruler has total power and often acts unjustlyunjustly

Phonics/Decoding Phonics/Decoding SkillsSkills 549A 549A

What are our What are our Phonics/Decoding skills?Phonics/Decoding skills?

They are They are chunkingchunking, , words we words we knowknow, , beginning and beginning and endingsendings, , affixesaffixes, , syllablessyllables, , try different vowel soundstry different vowel sounds, , base words or root words, base words or root words, blendingblending, , look carefullylook carefully,,

Phonics/Decoding Phonics/Decoding SkillsSkills 549A 549A

““It’s not proper for a woman It’s not proper for a woman to travel to travel unprotectedunprotected like like that,” they said.that,” they said.

Help me figure out this word Help me figure out this word using our Phonics/Decoding using our Phonics/Decoding Strategies.Strategies.

Reading Strategy Reading Strategy 549B549B

SummarizeSummarize As you read, think about the As you read, think about the

characters, their problem, and characters, their problem, and how they solve it to how they solve it to summarizesummarize the events of the the events of the story.story.

Remember that a good story Remember that a good story summary contains only the summary contains only the most important events.most important events.

Comprehension Skill Comprehension Skill 549C549C

Story StructureStory Structure Trans 5-26 PB 324

As you read Elena, focus on important As you read Elena, focus on important story elements such as characters, the story elements such as characters, the setting, and the plot.setting, and the plot.

characterscharacters: are the people around : are the people around whom the story events revolvewhom the story events revolve

settingsetting: is the time and place in which a : is the time and place in which a story occursstory occurs

plotplot: is the sequence of story events, : is the sequence of story events, which often includes a problem and a which often includes a problem and a resolution.resolution.

Problem Solving and Problem Solving and Decision Making Decision Making 555555

Define the problemDefine the problemConsider possible solutionsConsider possible solutions Examine possible solutions Examine possible solutions

and decide which one works and decide which one works bestbest

Choose the best solutionChoose the best solutionCarry out the solutionCarry out the solution

Story StructureStory Structure 559559

Characters are the people around Characters are the people around whom the story events revolve.whom the story events revolve.

The setting is the time and place The setting is the time and place in which a story occurs.in which a story occurs.

The plot is the sequence of story The plot is the sequence of story events, which often includes a events, which often includes a problem and a resolution.problem and a resolution.

PropagandaPropaganda 561 561

Propaganda is information or ideas Propaganda is information or ideas used to influence how others think. used to influence how others think. These are the ways to influence These are the ways to influence others.others.

overgeneralizationovergeneralization: Makes : Makes general statements based on only general statements based on only a few facts.a few facts.

testimonialtestimonial: Uses a celebrity or an : Uses a celebrity or an expert to make a statement expert to make a statement supporting a product.supporting a product.

PropagandaPropaganda 561 561

bandwagonbandwagon: Persuades consumers to do : Persuades consumers to do something because “everyone else” is something because “everyone else” is doing it.doing it.

transfertransfer: Associates a person with a : Associates a person with a product so that consumers will transfer product so that consumers will transfer their admiration for the person to the their admiration for the person to the product.product.

faulty cause and effectfaulty cause and effect: Says consumers : Says consumers will be happier simply as a result of using will be happier simply as a result of using the product.the product.

Decoding Longer WordsDecoding Longer Words569E569E

Changing Final y to iChanging Final y to i Papa’s absence filled our house with Papa’s absence filled our house with

emptinessemptiness.. When a word ends in a consonant When a word ends in a consonant

followed by a y, the final y changes to followed by a y, the final y changes to an i before certain endings are added.an i before certain endings are added.

If you remove the ending and see an If you remove the ending and see an unfamiliar word ending in i, you might unfamiliar word ending in i, you might recognize it with a y .recognize it with a y .

Some endings that can change a y to Some endings that can change a y to an i are –es, -ed, -er, -est, and –ness.an i are –es, -ed, -er, -est, and –ness.

Decoding Longer WordsDecoding Longer Words569E569E

Changing Final y to I Changing Final y to I PB328

We were We were happierhappier there, because it there, because it was warmerwas warmer..

Think aloud to figure out this word.Think aloud to figure out this word. Try these words:Try these words:

countriescountries countrycountry armiesarmies armyarmy

PhonicsPhonics469F469F

Initial and Medial DigraphsInitial and Medial Digraphs Recognizing the sounds that consonant Recognizing the sounds that consonant

digraphs can stand for at the beginning digraphs can stand for at the beginning and in the middle of words can help and in the middle of words can help decode unfamiliar words.decode unfamiliar words.

A consonant digraph is a pair of different A consonant digraph is a pair of different consonants that stand for a single sound.consonants that stand for a single sound.

A consonant digraph can appear at the A consonant digraph can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.beginning, middle, or end of a word.

ex. ch, sh, th, wh, ph, and gh ex. ch, sh, th, wh, ph, and gh

PhonicsPhonics469F469F

Initial and Medial DigraphsInitial and Medial Digraphs Mother knelt down and gathered us Mother knelt down and gathered us

in her arms.in her arms. Help me decode this word using your Help me decode this word using your

phonics/decoding strategy.phonics/decoding strategy. Help me find the digraphs in these Help me find the digraphs in these

words:words: whisperedwhispered

kitchenkitchen emphasisemphasis laughinglaughing

SpellingSpelling569G569G Changing Final y to iChanging Final y to i PB 329

army + es = armiesarmy + es = armies spy + ed = spiedspy + ed = spied

dirty + er = dirtierdirty + er = dirtier scary + est = scariestscary + est = scariest

happy + ness = happinesshappy + ness = happiness These base words end with a These base words end with a

consonant + yconsonant + y. Whenever you want . Whenever you want to add a suffix, change the to add a suffix, change the yy to an to an ii and add the suffix. and add the suffix.

VocabularyVocabulary 569G569G PB 330

antonymsantonyms AntonymsAntonyms means the opposite of. means the opposite of. Tell me the antonyms for these words:Tell me the antonyms for these words:

largestlargest sorrowsorrow defeatsdefeats cleanercleaner

gentlemengentlemen friendsfriends

Vocabulary SkillsVocabulary Skills569I569I

Dictionary: Word HistoriesDictionary: Word Histories PB 332 villagevillage: A small group of dwellings in a : A small group of dwellings in a

rural area [Lat. Villa, country estate]rural area [Lat. Villa, country estate] Many English words have their origins in Many English words have their origins in

other languages, such as Latin or Greek.other languages, such as Latin or Greek. The history of an entry word include where it The history of an entry word include where it

came from what its earlier forms meantcame from what its earlier forms meant The village comes from a Latin word, The village comes from a Latin word,

villavilla, meaning “country estate”, meaning “country estate” Word histories will help you recognize Word histories will help you recognize

word families.word families.

Grammar SkillsGrammar Skills 569K 569K

AdverbsAdverbs Trans 5-28 PB 333

An adverb is a word that An adverb is a word that tells how, when, or where.tells how, when, or where.

Adverbs can describe Adverbs can describe verbs.verbs.

Many adverbs end with –ly.Many adverbs end with –ly.

Grammar SkillsGrammar Skills 569K 569K

AdverbsAdverbs Trans 5-29 PB 334

To compare To compare twotwo actions, use –er actions, use –er with most one-syllable adverbs; with most one-syllable adverbs;

Use Use moremore with adverbs of two or with adverbs of two or more syllables.more syllables.

To compare To compare three or morethree or more actions, use actions, use –est with most one-syllable adverbs;–est with most one-syllable adverbs;

Use Use mostmost with adverbs of two or with adverbs of two or more syllablesmore syllables

Improving Your WritingImproving Your Writing 569L PB335 569L PB335

Expanding Sentences with Expanding Sentences with AdverbsAdverbs

A good writer expands A good writer expands sentences with adverbs in order sentences with adverbs in order to describe action more clearly.to describe action more clearly.

ex. Carlos spotted his aunt in ex. Carlos spotted his aunt in the crowd and waved to her.the crowd and waved to her.

Improved: Carlos finally spotted Improved: Carlos finally spotted his aunt in the crowd and his aunt in the crowd and waved frantically to her.waved frantically to her.

InferencesInferences

Inference worksheet

Reading Standard – 2.3Reading Standard – 2.3 Inference means what Inference means what

conclusion can you come conclusion can you come up with after reading a up with after reading a passage. passage.

Use story clues to figure Use story clues to figure out something the out something the author doesn’t tell you.author doesn’t tell you.

Read between the lines. Read between the lines.

Main IdeaMain Idea

Main Idea worksheet

Main Idea worksheet

Reading Standard Reading Standard 2.3 – ALS2.3 – ALS

Main Ideas – What Main Ideas – What is the main point of is the main point of the passage or the passage or paragraph. paragraph.

What is the topic of What is the topic of the paragraph the paragraph

Spiral ReviewSpiral Review 569Q569Q

The past tense of regular The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding verbs is formed by adding –d–d or or –ed–ed..

Irregular verbsIrregular verbs have special have special forms to show past tense.forms to show past tense.

A verb phrase is made up of a A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and a helping verb.main verb and a helping verb.

Spiral ReviewSpiral Review 569Q569Q

GrammarGrammar teach: to give instructionteach: to give instruction

learn: to receive instructionlearn: to receive instruction let: to permitlet: to permit

leave: to go away from, to let leave: to go away from, to let remainremain

sit: to restsit: to rest set: to place or putset: to place or put

Spiral ReviewSpiral Review 569Q 569Q

GrammarGrammarcan: to be able to docan: to be able to domay: to be allowedmay: to be allowed

lie: to rest flatlie: to rest flat lay: to put downlay: to put down

rise: to get uprise: to get upraise: to liftraise: to lift

Spiral Review Spiral Review 569R569R

Inflected FormsInflected Forms jumpedjumped

-ed is an inflected ending, which -ed is an inflected ending, which changes the form of the wordchanges the form of the word In the dictionary, words with In the dictionary, words with inflected endings can be found inflected endings can be found

under the base word.under the base word. Tell me the base words in these Tell me the base words in these

words:words: hops, shortest, surviving, escapedhops, shortest, surviving, escaped

Spiral ReviewSpiral Review 569R569R

Prefixes sub- sur-Prefixes sub- sur- We had a We had a surplussurplus of food after our of food after our

shopping trip.shopping trip. sur- means “over, above, or additional”sur- means “over, above, or additional” Surplus is an amount above what is Surplus is an amount above what is

needed.needed. The workers dug into the The workers dug into the subsoilsubsoil at the at the

site.site. sub- means “secondary part, under, sub- means “secondary part, under,

down, or beneath”down, or beneath”

PrefixesPrefixes

Prefixes are wordparts that are added to base words or word rootsthat will change the meaning of theword.

Spelling Test 1. liberties1. liberties 2. victories2. victories 3. countries3. countries 4. spied4. spied 5. enemies5. enemies 6. armies6. armies 7. scariest7. scariest 8. dirtier8. dirtier 9. happiness9. happiness 10. abilities10. abilities

11. pitied11. pitied 12. ladies12. ladies 13. busier13. busier 14. duties14. duties 15. lilies15. lilies 16. worthiness16. worthiness 17. tiniest 17. tiniest 18. emptiness18. emptiness 19. replies19. replies 20. dizziness20. dizziness

Challenge WordsChallenge Words

21. unified21. unified 22. levied22. levied

23. colonies23. colonies 24. loveliest24. loveliest

25. strategies25. strategies

Study GuideStudy Guide

SummarizeSummarize Story structureStory structure Decision makingDecision making PropagandaPropaganda Changing y to IChanging y to I Final diagraphsFinal diagraphs AntonymsAntonyms Word historiesWord histories AdverbsAdverbs Past tense irregular verbsPast tense irregular verbs prefixesprefixes