ELEMENTE DE GEOGRAFIE POLITICAPart 1

GEOGRAFIA POLITICA• Domeniu al Geografiei

umane care studiaza relatiile intre geografie si politica;

• Se refera la:

• Categoria fundamentala in Geografia politica este STATUL

– ENTITATE POLITICO-GEORGRAFICA INDEPENDENTA SI • Se refera la:

– studiul statelor, teritoriilor dependente si al altor entitati politico-geografice

– modul de reflectare a deciziilor politice in teritoriu

– relatiile internationale– conflictele

GEORGRAFICA INDEPENDENTA SI SUVERANA;

• Harta politica-reprezentarea cartografica a statelor si a altor ctg. de teritorii, la nivel mondial,

• La nivel de tara/stat se numeste harta politico-administrativa

nivel mondial, continental sau regional

• Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane

• state, teritorii dependente, teritorii disputate si alte entitati politico-teritoriale

Populatia Terrei: 6,8 mild. Loc (2011)

contemporane sunt:

teritoriale

– STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194

• Statul a aparut in antichitate odata cu surplusul de produse si clasele sociale

• Statul modern, cu teritoriu, frontiere, functii precise a aparut in Europa, in sec 13-14.

• Aparitia statului modern • Aparitia statului modern este legata de formarea natiunilor (natiune= forma istorica de comunitate umana, caracterizata prin comunitatea de teritoriu, limba, viata economica, factura psihica)

Cate state independente sunt pe Glob?

• Este o intrebare dificila iar raspunsurile sunt diferite in functie de sursa: 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 or 196.

NOTE: 9. 07. 2011, Sudul Sudanului si-a declarat independenta in urma unui razboi civil de 6 ani (South Sudan.).

2008 – ONU: 192 membri oficiali, fara Vatican si Kosovo

Cea mai mare parte a statisticilor internationale :193 state, fara Kosovo, Palestina, Groenlanda, Western Sahara si acum South Sudan

Departamentul de stat al SUA: 194 state independente (inclusiv Kosovo, dar fara Taiwan, stat pe care China il considera doar o provincie a sa)

Diviziunile geopolitice ale lumii contemporane

Stateindependente

Statul papal (independent cu recunoastere internationala)

State independente

cu recunoastere

partiala

Teritorii dependente

Teritorii recunoscute prin unele tratate

internationale speciale

Regiuni administrative

cu statul peciale ale Chinei

194 1 9 38 5 2

Vatican -Taiwan, -Kosovo, -Sahara Occidentala, -Abhazia, -Ossetia de Sud, -R T a Ciprului de Nord, -Nagorno Karabakh, -Somaliland,

Australia-3Danemarca -2Franta-7Olanda – 2N. Zeelanda-3U K-16SUA-5

ex Teritoriile palestiniene ocupate de Israel

-Hong Kong -Macau

STATUL INDEPENDENT

Conform art. 1 alCONVENTIEI INTERNATIONALE DE LA MONTEVIDEO

(1933), criteriile pe care

– (a) sa abia o populatie permanenta;

– (b) sa aiba un teritoriubine definit;

– (c) sa fie guvernat; – (d) celelalte state sa-i (1933), criteriile pe care

trebuie sa le indeplineasca un teritoriu pentru a fi un stat inependent sunt:

– (d) celelalte state sa-i recunoasca si sa-i respecte independena si suveranitatea.

•

Caracteristicile fundamentale ale statelor

• INDEPENDENTA• se refera la politica externa - dreptul statului de a avea deplina libertate in

• SUVERANITATEA• se refera la politica interna - dreptul statului de a-si alege regimul politic, forma de guvernamant, deplina libertate in

raport cu celelalte state.

• Statul independent nu depinde de niciun alt stat.

guvernamant, organizarea administrativa, politica externa, de a stapani si gestiona propriile resurse

– STATE INDEPENDENTE: 194

AFRICA (54) •Algeria •Angola•Benin•Botswana•Burkina•Burundi•Cameroon•Cape Verde•Central African Republic•Chad•Comoros•Congo•Congo, Democratic Republic of•Djibouti•Egypt•Equatorial Guinea•Eritrea•Ethiopia•Gabon•Gambia•Ghana•Guinea•Guinea-Bissau•Ivory Coast•Kenya•Lesotho•Liberia

ASIA (44) •Afghanistan•Bahrain•Bangladesh•Bhutan•Brunei•Burma (Myanmar)•Cambodia•China•East Timor•India•Indonesia•Iran•Iraq•Israel•Japan•Jordan•Kazakhstan•Korea, North•Korea, South•Kuwait•Kyrgyzstan•Laos•Lebanon•Malaysia•Maldives•Mongolia•Nepal

EUROPE (47) •Albania•Andorra•Armenia•Austria•Azerbaijan•Belarus•Belgium•Bosnia and Herzegovina•Bulgaria•Croatia•Cyprus•Czech Republic•Denmark•Estonia•Finland•France•Georgia•Germany•Greece•Hungary•Iceland•Ireland•Italy•Latvia•Liechtenstein•Lithuania•Luxembourg•Liberia

•Libya•Madagascar•Malawi•Mali•Mauritania•Mauritius•Morocco•Mozambique•Namibia•Niger•Nigeria•Rwanda•Sao Tome and Principe•Senegal•Seychelles•Sierra Leone•Somalia•South Africa•South Sudan•Sudan•Swaziland•Tanzania•Togo•Tunisia•Uganda•Zambia•Zimbabwe

•Nepal•Oman•Pakistan•Philippines•Qatar•Russian Federation•Saudi Arabia•Singapore•Sri Lanka•Syria•Tajikistan•Thailand•Turkey•Turkmenistan•United Arab Emirates•Uzbekistan•Vietnam•Yemen

•Luxembourg•Macedonia•Malta•Moldova•Monaco•Montenegro•Netherlands•Norway•Poland•Portugal•Romania•San Marino•Serbia•Slovakia•Slovenia•Spain•Sweden•Switzerland•Ukraine•United Kingdom •Vatican City

N. AMERICA (23) •Antigua and Barbuda•Bahamas•Barbados•Belize•Canada•Costa Rica•Cuba•Dominica•Dominican Republic•El Salvador•Grenada•Guatemala•Haiti•Honduras•Jamaica•Mexico•Nicaragua

OCEANIA (14) •Australia•Fiji•Kiribati•Marshall Islands•Micronesia•Nauru•New Zealand•Palau•Papua New Guinea•Samoa•Solomon Islands•Tonga•Tuvalu•Vanuatu

S. AMERICA (12) •Argentina•Bolivia•Brazil•Chile•Colombia•Ecuador•Guyana•Paraguay•Peru•Suriname•Uruguay•Venezuela

•Nicaragua•Panama•Saint Kitts and Nevis•Saint Lucia•Saint Vincent and the Grenadines•Trinidad and Tobago•United States

Short-form name

Long-form nameFIPS Code

Capital

Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan AF Kabul

Albania Republic of Albania AL Tirana

Algeria People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

AG Algiers

Andorra Principality of Andorra ANAndorra la Vella

Angola Republic of Angola AO LuandaAngola Republic of Angola AO Luanda

Antigua andBarbuda

(no long-form name) AC Saint John's

Argentina Argentine Republic ARBuenos Aires

Armenia Republic of Armenia AM Yerevan

Australia Commonwealth of Australia AS Canberra

Austria Republic of Austria AU Vienna

Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan AJ Baku

Bahamas, The Commonwealthof The Bahamas

BF Nassau

Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BA Manama

Bangladesh People's Republicof Bangladesh

BG Dhaka

Barbados (no long-form name) BB Bridgetown

Belarus Republic of Belarus BO Minsk

Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BE Brussels

Belize (no long-form name) BH Belmopan

Benin Republic of Benin BN Porto-Novo

Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan BT Thimphu

Bolivia State of Bolivia BLLa Paz (administrative)Sucre (legislative/judiciary)

Bosnia andHerzegovina

(no long-form name) BK Sarajevo

Botswana Republic of Botswana BC Gaborone

Brazil Federative Republic of Brazil BR Brasília

Brunei Brunei Darussalam BX Bandar Seri Begawan

Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BU Sofia

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso UV Ouagadougou

Burma Union of Burma BMRangoonNay Pyi Taw (administrative)

Burundi Republic of Burundi BY Bujumbura

Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia CB Phnom Penh

Cameroon Republic of Cameroon CM Yaoundé

Canada (no long-form name) CA Ottawa

Cape Verde Republic of Cape Verde CV Praia

CentralAfrican Republic

Central African Republic CT Bangui

Chad Republic of Chad CD N'Djamena

Chile Republic of Chile CI Santiago

China People's Republic of China CH Beijing

Colombia Republic of Colombia CO Bogotá

Comoros Union of the Comoros CN Moroni

Congo (Brazzaville) Republic of the Congo CF Brazzaville

Congo (Kinshasa) Democratic Republicof the Congo

CG Kinshasa

Costa Rica Republic of Costa Rica CS San José

Côte d'Ivoire Republic of Côte d'Ivoire IV Yamoussoukro

Croatia Republic of Croatia HR Zagreb

Cuba Republic of Cuba CU Havana

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus CY Nicosia

Czech Republic Czech Republic EZ Prague

Denmark Kingdom of Denmark DA Copenhagen

Djibouti Republic of Djibouti DJ Djibouti

Dominica Commonwealth of Dominica DO Roseau

Dominican Republic Dominican Republic DR Santo Domingo

Ecuador Republic of Ecuador EC Quito

Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt EG Cairo

El Salvador Republic of El Salvador ES San Salvador

Equatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea EK MalaboEquatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea EK Malabo

Eritrea State of Eritrea ER Asmara

Estonia Republic of Estonia EN Tallinn

Ethiopia Federal DemocraticRepublic of Ethiopia

ET Addis Ababa

Fiji Republic of theFiji Islands

FJ Suva

Finland Republic of Finland FI Helsinki

France French Republic FR Paris

Gabon Gabonese Republic GB Libreville

Gambia, The Republic of The Gambia GA Banjul

Georgia Georgia GG Tbilisi

Germany Federal Republic of Germany GM Berlin

Ghana Republic of Ghana GH Accra

Greece Hellenic Republic GR Athens

Grenada (no long-form name) GJ Saint George's

Guatemala Republic of Guatemala GT Guatemala

Guinea Republic of Guinea GV ConakryGuinea Republic of Guinea GV Conakry

Guinea-Bissau Republic of Guinea-Bissau PU Bissau

Guyana Co-operativeRepublic of Guyana

GY Georgetown

Haiti Republic of Haiti HA Port-au-Prince

Holy See Holy See VT Vatican City

Honduras Republic of Honduras HO Tegucigalpa

Hungary Republic of Hungary HU Budapest

Iceland Republic of Iceland IC Reykjavík

India Republic of India IN New Delhi

Indonesia Republic of Indonesia ID Jakarta

Iran Islamic Republic of Iran IR Tehran

Iraq Republic of Iraq IZ Baghdad

Ireland (no long-form name) EI Dublin

Israel State of Israel IS Jerusalem Israel State of Israel IS Jerusalem

Italy Italian Republic IT Rome

Jamaica (no long-form name) JM Kingston

Japan (no long-form name) JA Tokyo

Jordan HashemiteKingdom of Jordan

JO Amman

Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan KZ Astana

Kenya Republic of Kenya KE Nairobi

Kiribati Republic of Kiribati KR Tarawa

Korea, North Democratic People's Republic of Korea KN Pyongyang

Korea, South Republic of Korea KS Seoul

Kosovo Republic of Kosovo KV Pristina

Kuwait State of Kuwait KU Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic KG Bishkek

Laos Lao People'sDemocratic Republic

LA VientianeLaos Democratic Republic

LA Vientiane

Latvia Republic of Latvia LG Riga

Lebanon Lebanese Republic LE Beirut

Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho LT Maseru

Liberia Republic of Liberia LI Monrovia

Libya Great Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahiriya

LY Tripoli

Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein LS Vaduz

Lithuania Republic of Lithuania LH Vilnius

Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg LU Luxembourg

Macedonia Republic of Macedonia MK Skopje

Madagascar Republic of Madagascar MA Antananarivo

Malawi Republic of Malawi MI Lilongwe

Malaysia (no long-form name) MY Kuala Lumpur

Maldives Republic of Maldives MV Male

Mali Republic of Mali ML Bamako

Malta Republic of Malta MT Valletta

Marshall Islands Republic of theMarshall Islands

RM Majuro

Mauritania Islamic Republicof Mauritania

MR Nouakchottof Mauritania

Mauritius Republic of Mauritius MP Port Louis

Mexico United Mexican States MX Mexico

Micronesia,Federated States of

Federated Statesof Micronesia

FM Palikir

Moldova Republic of Moldova MD Chisinau

Monaco Principality of Monaco MN Monaco

Mongolia (no long-form name) MG Ulaanbaatar

Montenegro Montenegro MJ Podgorica

Morocco Kingdom of Morocco MO Rabat

Mozambique Republic of Mozambique MZ Maputo

Namibia Republic of Namibia WA Windhoek

Nauru Republic of Nauru NRYaren District(no capital city)

Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal NP Kathmandu

Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands NLAmsterdamThe Hague (seat of gov't)

New Zealand (no long-form name) NZ Wellington

Nicaragua Republic of Nicaragua NU Managua

Niger Republic of Niger NG NiameyNiger Republic of Niger NG Niamey

Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria NI Abuja

Norway Kingdom of Norway NO Oslo

Oman Sultanate of Oman MU Muscat

Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan PK Islamabad

Palau Republic of Palau PS Melekeok

Panama Republic of Panama PM Panama

Papua New Guinea Independent Stateof Papua New Guinea

PPPort Moresby

Paraguay Republic of Paraguay PA Asunción

Peru Republic of Peru PE Lima

Philippines Republic of the Philippines RP Manila

Poland Republic of Poland PL WarsawPoland Republic of Poland PL Warsaw

Portugal Portuguese Republic PO Lisbon

Qatar State of Qatar QA Doha

Romania Romania RO Bucharest

Russia Russian Federation RS Moscow

Rwanda Republic of Rwanda RW Kigali

Saint Kitts and Nevis Federation of SaintKitts and Nevis

SC Basseterre

Saint Lucia (no long-form name) ST Castries

Saint Vincent andthe Grenadines

(no long-form name) VC Kingstown

Samoa Independent State of Samoa WS Apia

San Marino Republic of San Marino SM San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe Democratic Republic ofSao Tome and Principe

TP São Tomé

Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SA Riyadh

Senegal Republic of Senegal SG Dakar

Serbia Republic of Serbia RI Belgrade

Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan TI Dushanbe

Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania TZDar es SalaamDodoma (legislative)

Thailand Kingdom of Thailand TH Bangkok

Timor-Leste Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste TT Dili

Togo Togolese Republic TO Lomé

Tonga Kingdom of Tonga TN Nuku'alofaTonga Kingdom of Tonga TN Nuku'alofa

Trinidad and Tobago Republic ofTrinidad and Tobago

TD Port-of-Spain

Tunisia Tunisian Republic TS Tunis

Turkey Republic of Turkey TU Ankara

Turkmenistan (no long-form name) TX Ashgabat

Tuvalu (no long-form name) TV Funafuti

Seychelles Republic of Seychelles SE Victoria

Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone SL Freetown

Singapore Republic of Singapore SN Singapore

Slovakia Slovak Republic LO Bratislava

Slovenia Republic of Slovenia SI Ljubljana

Solomon Islands (no long-form name) BP Honiara

Somalia (no long-form name) SO Mogadishu

South Africa Republic of South Africa SFPretoria (administrative)Cape Town (legislative)Bloemfontein (judiciary)

Spain Kingdom of Spain SP MadridSpain Kingdom of Spain SP Madrid

Sri Lanka Democratic SocialistRepublic of Sri Lanka

CEColomboSri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)

Sudan Republic of the Sudan SU Khartoum

Suriname Republic of Suriname NS Paramaribo

Syrian Arab Republic SYDamascus

Mbabane (administrative)Lobamba (legislative)

Sweden Kingdom of Sweden SW Stockholm

Switzerland Swiss Confederation SZ Bern

Syria

Uganda Republic of UgandaUG

Kampala

Ukraine (no long-form name) UP Kyiv

United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AE Abu Dhabi

United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

UK

London

United States United States of America USWashington, DC

Uruguay Oriental Republic of Uruguay UY Montevideo

Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan UZ Tashkent

Vanuatu Republic of Vanuatu NH Port-Vila

Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela VE Caracas

Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam VM Hanoi

Yemen Republic of Yemen YM Sanaa

Zambia Republic of Zambia ZA Lusaka

Zimbabwe Republic of Zimbabwe ZI Harare

TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE

• NU SUNT INDEPENDENTE SI SUVERANE,

• SUNT

– COLONII,– PROTECTORATE– STATE ASOCIATE,– TERITORII DE PESTE MARI ETC.

• SUNT CONTROLATE(TUTELATE) DE ALTE STATE

• AU DENUMIRI DIFERITE:

MARI ETC.

(A) American Samoa (Pago Pago) usa Anguilla (The Valley) britishAruba (Oranjestad) netherlandsAshmore & Cartier Islands (na) australian

(B) Baker & Howland Islands (na) usa Bermuda (Hamilton) british Bouvet Island (na) norwegian British Indian Ocean Territory (Diego Garcia) british British Virgin Is (Road Town) british

(C) Cayman Islands (George Town) british Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove) australian Cocos Islands (West Island) australian

(H) Heard & MacDonald Islands (na) australian Hong Kong (na) now controlled by China

(I) Isle of Man (Douglas) british

(J) Jan Mayen (na) norwegian Jarvis Island (na) usa Jersey (St. Helier) british Johnston Atoll (na) usa

TERITORIILE DEPENDENTE(alfabetic)

Cocos Islands (West Island) australian Cook Islands (Avarua) new zealand Coral Sea Islands (na) australian

(F) Faeroe Islands (Torshavn) denmark Falkland Islands (Stanley) british French Guiana (Cayenne) frenchFrench Polynesia (Papeete) french

(G) Gibraltar (Gibraltar) british Greenland (Nuuk) denmark Guadeloupe (Basse-Terre) french Guam (Agana) usa Guernsey (St. Peter Port) british

(K) Kingman Reef (na) usa

(M) Macao (Macao) now controlled by china Martinique (Fort-de-France) french Mayotte (Mamoudzou) french Midway Islands (na) usa Montserrat (Plymouth) british

(N) Navassa Island (na) usa Netherland Antilles (Willemstad) netherlands New Caledonia (Noumea) french Niue (Alofi) new zealand Norfolk Island (Kingston) australian Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan) usa

(P) Palmyra Atoll (na) usa Paracel Islands (Woody Island) disputed by china, taiwan and vietnam Puerto Rico (San Juan) usa Peter Island (na) norwegian Pitcairn Islands (Adamstown) british

(R) Reunion (Saint-Denis) french

(S) (S) St. Helena & Dependencies (Jamestown) british St. Pierre & Miquelon (St. Pierre) french South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (Grytviken) british Spratly Islands (na) disputed by china, vietnam, malaysia, and more Svalbard (Longyearbyen) norwegian

(T) Tokelau(na) new zealand Turks & Caicos Islands (Cockburn Town) british

(V) Virgin Islands (Charlotte Amalie) usa

(W) Wake Island (na) usa Wallis & Futuna (Mata Uta) french

Componentele statului

componenta geografica

componenta demografica

componenta politico-administrativa

Teritoriul Populatia -Forma de guvernamant-Regimul politic-Forma de organizare -Forma de organizare interna

Componenta geografica: teritoriul

• Teritoriu de stat -suprafata ocupata de stat, cu toate conditiile si resursele sale

• Este delimitat de

• Elementele teritoriului:

– Uscatul (continental si /sau insular)

– Apele teritoriale• Este delimitat de frontiere/granite.

– Apele teritoriale– Subsolul geologic– Spatiul aerian– Toate conditiile si

resursele care apartin solului, subsolului, apelor si aerului

componenta teritoriala (teritoriul de stat)

• Clasificarea statelor dupa pozitia geografica a teritoriului:

• 1.state continentale (situate in interiorul uscatului, fara iesire la mare sau ocean)

• 2. state enclava (enclave)• 3.state cu iesire la mare (au

in componenta ape teritoriale):teritoriale):– a) st. insulare– b) st. peninsulare– c) st. cu fatade maritime

• 4 state continental -insulare• 5.state insulare/arhipelag

1.State continentale

• -44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare (suprafata lor se desfasoara exclusiv pe uscat)

• Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia,\Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad,Czech Republic,Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,Lesotho,Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Swaziland,Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

ENCLAVE

STATUL AL CARUI TERITORIU ESTE INCONJURAT COMPLET DE

EX:-VATICAN, -SAN MARINO, -LESHOTO, -SWAZILAND,COMPLET DE

TERITORIUL ALTUI STAT MAI MARE, SE NUMESTE ENCLAVA

-SWAZILAND,-ALININGRAD-NAGORNO KARABACH

Enclave

2. state situate pe continent dar cu iesire la mare

• Conform Conventiei ONU asupra Dreptului Marii(1982), statele cu iesire

la mare detin

• 1. apele teritoriale: 12 mile marine

• 2. zona economica exclusiva (ZEE)

• 4. state insulare/arhipelag

• limitele teritoriului de stat

GRANITELE (frontierele)

• Granite naturale

• Granite conventionaleconventionale

• -Suprafata Terrei: 510 072 000 kmp din care – uscat:148,94 mil kmp (29,2%)– apa: 361 132 kmp( 70,8%)

• -Lungimea granitelor pe uscat: – 250 708 km

• 2 state se invecineaza fiecare cu cate 14 state: – China si Rusia

• -44 state si teritorii nu au iesire la mare

• 94 state si teritorii sunt insule si nu se invecineaza cu niciun alt stat (decat la

• American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, (decat la

nivelul apelor teritoriale):

Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

• Granite naturale• obstacole naturale intre state

• au, in general, un

• rauri, • fluvii, • lacuri,• au, in general, un

traseu sinuos • lacuri,• fasii maritime;• creste muntoase

GRANITE CONVENTIONALE

• Stabilite intre state in doua moduri:– de comun acord, prin negocieri si tratate internationale

• se traseaza pe harti si apoi pe

• Au traseu: – Sinuos (linii curbe)

internationale– Impuse cu forta in urma unor conflicte intre state

– Sinuos (linii curbe)– Rectiliniu:de-a lungul paralelelor si/sau meridianelor

– linii frante

STATELE CU CELE MAI LUNGI GRANITE:

China 13,759 miles Russia 12,514 miles Brazil 9,129 miles India 8,763 miles USA 7,611 miles Democratic Republic of Congo 6,382 miles Argentina 6,006 miles Canada 5,526 miles Mongolia 5,042 miles Sudan 4,783 miles

• Cea mai lunga frontiera intre 2 state:

• Canada - SUA , 8.893 km (nepazita), de-a lungul paralelei de 490 lat N

• Rusia: 57 000 km de granita cu 14 tari diferite:

• Coreea de Nord, • China, • Mongolia,• Kazakhstan,• Azerbaijan,• Georgia,

Ucraina, • Ucraina, • Belarus, • Letonia, • Estonia, • Finlanda, • Norvegia, • Lituania, • Polonia

Romania2,508

Bulgaria: 608 kmHungary: 443 kmMoldova: 450 kmRomania

kmMoldova: 450 kmSerbia: 476 kmUkraine : 531 km

• Pozitia geografica si traseul frontierelor determina forma statelor;

• State alungite in lungul unor lanturi muntoase sau tarmuri: Chile, Argrntina, Somalia, Nepal

• State extinse de-a lungul unor zone climatice: Rusia, Canada, SUA,

• State cu forma cvasicirculara: Romania

• State cu forma poligonala: Franta• State cu forma suprapusa unor bazine

hidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistanhidrografice:Venezuela, Pakistan• State -continent: Australia• State –peninsula: India, Turcia• State- insula: Madagascar, Islanda,

Nauru• State-arhipelag: Indonezia, UK• State continental-insulare: Grecia,

Italia, Danemarca• State enclava; Leshoto, Swaziland

Clasificarea statelor dupa marimea teritoriului

• Statele ocupa supr.diferite pe cont. si insule.

• SINGURUL continent neteritorializat (fara state) esteANTARCTICA

• Marimea teritoriului influenteaza: – evolutia si dezv. ec. si

soc. a statelor,– organizarea

administrativa, – repartitia geografica si

state) esteANTARCTICA – repartitia geografica si

densitatea populatiei,– sistemul de cai de

comunicatii si transporturi, etc.

• Cu cat e mai extins un stat are o mai mare varietate de cond. si resurse

• 1.) state cu dimensiuni continentale, >7 mil km2 )

• impreuna, ocupa 42% din suprafata

Rank

Country Total Area (km2) Coastline (km)

1. Federatia Rusa 17,075,000 37,650

2. Canada 9,985,000 202,080suprafata uscatului Terrei

3. China 9,634,000 16,840

4. USA 9,631,400 19,920

5. Brazil 8,512,000 7,490

6. Australia 7,686,850 25,760

• 2.) state f. mari (1-3 mil km2)

Rank

Country Total Area (km2) Coastline (km)

7. India 3,287,600 7,000

8. Argentina 2,760,000 4,900

9. Kazakhstan 2,717,300 0

10.

11

12

Sudan

Algeria

R D Congo

2,505,000 850

13 Arabia SauditaMexicIndoneziaLybiaIranMongoliaPeruChadNigerAngolaMaliR S AColumbiaEtiopiaBoliviaMauritaniaEgipt

2 149 6901 964 375

1 002 000

• 3.) state mari(500 km2 - 1 mil km2)

• Tanzania• Nigeria• Venezuela• Namibia• Mozambic• Pakistan• Turcia• Chile• Zambia• Myanmar• Afganistan• Somalia• Somalia• Franta• R. Central Africana• Ucraina• Madagascar• Botswana• Kenia• Yemen• Thailanda• Spania

• 4. state mijlocii

(500 km2 -100 000

• Ex: Turkmenistan 488 100 km2

• Islanda 103 000 km2

100 000 km2

55 state, inclusiv Romania

• 4. state mici(10 000 - 100 000 km2)

• Ex:• Corea: 99 678 km2

• Liban: 10 452 km2

• 5. state f. mici(<10 000 km2)

1 Vatican: 0,44 km2 ; 1000 loc.

2 Monaco: 1,95 km2 ; 32 000loc

3 San Marino: 3 San Marino: 60,57km2 ; 30 000 loc

4 Liechtenstein: 160km2 ; 30 000loc

5 Andorra: 430 km2 ; 70 000 loc

Componenta demograficaPOPULATIA CU TOATE

CARACTERISTICILE EI GEOEMOGRAFICE

• NATIUNEA• forma istorica de comunitate umana, caract. prin unitatea caract. prin unitatea de:

• teritoriu• limba• viata sociala• cultura si civilizatie

No.

Country Population

1. China 1,347,380,882

2. India 1,184,130,123

3. United States 310,207,441

4. Indonesia 243,001,006

5. Brazil 201,122,152

6. Pakistan 179,674,399

7. Bangladesh 158,067,060

8. Nigeria 152,198,748

9. Russia 139,387,254

10 Japan 126,835,958

Statele cel mai putin populate

• 1. Vatican City – Europa – 826 loc• 2. Tuvalu – Pacific – 12 373• 3. Nauru – Pacific – 14 019 • 4. Palau – Pacific – 20 000• 5. San Marino – Europa – 30,167• 5. San Marino – Europa – 30,167• 6. Monaco – Europa – 32 9657. • 7.Liechtenstein – Europa – 35 446• 8. Saint Kitts and Nevis – Caribbean- 52 000• 9. Marshall Islands – Pacific –62 000• 10. Dominica – Caribbean – 72 660

GLOBALIZAREAGLOBALIZAREA