S122 Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 229S (2014) S40–S252

P-2.90Interest shown in environmental toxicology bypostgraduate students of the specialty“Specialist in Industrial Pharmacy andGalenicals”

Antonio Pena-Fernández 1, Maria del Carmen Lobo-Bedmar 2,∗,Maria José González-Munoz 1, Guillermo Torrado 3, Maria de losÁngeles Pena 3

1 Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Docente de Toxicología,Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid,Spain, 2 IMIDRA, Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental,Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain, 3 Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad deFarmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Departamento de CienciasBiomédicas, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Environmental toxicology is the branch of toxicology that stud-ies the effects of environmental toxins on human health. Its studyin all the health sciences in the “European Higher Education Area”is therefore crucial. The health sector is attracting more workers,and environmental health is currently gaining in prominence asa result of the large burden of disease and mortality caused bypollutants. However, we consider that environmental toxicology isnot treated in sufficient depth in health sciences such as pharmacyor medicine, and postgraduate students currently need to enrol inspecialised courses or master’s degrees to study it. Our group col-laborated with the University of Alcalá (Spain) in the specialisation“Specialist in Industrial Pharmacy and Galenicals” in 2013/2014 toprovide an introduction to environmental health (5 h). This spe-cialization is only available to pharmacists who are enrolling in aspecialized health training (FIR) programme and is regulated bythe Spanish Government. The objective was to introduce thesestudents to the world of environmental toxicology from a prac-tical viewpoint. At the end of our training, the students should beable to identify potential human risks and develop some actionsto solve them. The training included a practical exercise involvingpharmaceuticals and personal care products, emerging pollutantsthat are frequently found in water environments. The feedbackquestionnaire, completed after our presentation, revealed a highstudent interest in our training (88%). The students reported thatthe practical exercise was very valuable as an introduction to thepractice of public health.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.436

P-2.91Elemental soil contamination in urban soilscollected in Alcalá de Henares and thechallenges of remediation

Antonio Pena-Fernández 1, Maria Jose González-Munoz 1, Mariadel Carmen Lobo-Bedmar 2,∗

1 Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Docente de Toxicología,Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid,Spain, 2 IMIDRA, Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental,Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

The presence of trace elements is being progressively increasingin the urban media due to the economical development and theirinorganic characteristics. Protection and remediation of metals inurban soils will be required to protect human health. However,urban soils or anthroposoils have different characteristics to ‘nat-ural’ soils and will require different approaches for remediation.The present study analysed Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb,

Sn, Ti, Tl, V and Zn in soils collected in public parks in Alcalá deHenares (Spain). An assessment of risk for the population was alsoperformed following the methodology described by the US EPA. Theresults suggest that As, Be, Cr and Pb may require remedial actionto reduce their levels in Alcalá’s soils, especially As and Cr as thesehave been found to exceed safe levels for human health. Herbaceousand woody ornamental plants could be used to decontaminate thestudied soils, since they are aesthetically pleasing, add ornamentalvalue and will be appreciated by its citizens. Evergreen ornamentalshrubs commonly used in Mediterranean urban landscapes can beused to remediate roadside soil in urban areas but are not selectivefor all trace elements. Phytostabilisation may be a more success-ful technique for removing As and Pb from the soils investigated,as these pollutants present a complex environmental distribution.Pinus sylvestris L. may accumulate Be in its organs, although morestudies are required. Cr(VI) is toxic to plants, although Albizia amaraand Silene vulgaris may be potential Cr phytoaccumulators.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.437

P-2.92In vitro metabolism of permethrin and twometabolites by human primary hepatocytes

Marie-Emilie Willemin 1,2,∗, Ali Kadar 3, Georges De Sousa 3,Roger Rahmani 3, Céline Brochot 1

1 Ineris, Unité Meto, Verneuil En Halatte, France, 2 UTC, Compiègne,France, 3 Inra, Umr 1331 Toxalim, Sophia Antipolis, France

Permethrin, an insecticide of the pyrethroid family, is sus-pected to induce hormonal and neuronal disorders. Permethrinis usually sold and found in the environment as a mixture oftwo isomers cis/trans. In a previous study, Scollon et al. (2009)characterized the metabolism of permethrin in human hepaticmicrosomes and observed that the metabolism of isomers wasaltered when incubated together. In this study, we propose todetermine the metabolism of isomers of permethrin alone andas a mixture in primary human hepatocytes, recognized as themost suitable in vitro model for such studies. The formation oftwo metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid(DCCA), was also assessed.

Platted primary human hepatocytes were incubated with eithercis or trans-permethrin at 7 concentrations (5–125 �M) for 10 min,30 min, 1 h and 3 h. The depletion of permethrin and the forma-tion of two metabolites were analysed using the Michaelis Mentenmodel. Metabolism was also evaluated at low concentrations belowKm to estimate the intrinsic clearance when cells are exposed toboth isomers.

As observed in previous studies, the metabolism ofcis-permethrin is slower than trans-permethrin one.Michaelis–Menten parameters were estimated for all compoundsexcept DCCA because the saturation phase was not reached atthe highest exposure concentration. No significant differencesfor the metabolic rates of parent compounds and metaboliteswere observed for cis- and trans-isomers incubated alone or inmixture. Our results could be integrated in physiologically basedpharmacokinetic models.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.438