electrical machines

Electrical MachinesTechnology and

Electrical Power Systems

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Electrical Machines Technologyand Power Systems

Electrical engineering courses benefit immensely frompractical experimentation. It lets students see theoryin practice, enhancing the learning experience andreinforcing knowledge obtained from lectures.Sometimes, because of the scale, nature or cost ofelectrical training products, students have not alwaysbeen given the opportunity to use genuinelycomprehensive, representative equipment for hands-on experiments.

The TQ Electrical Machines Technology andElectrical Power Systems ranges give truly uniqueand comprehensive laboratory support for lectureroom delivered theory. It includes unmatched, world-class products specially designed to provide cost-effective, realistic and highly productive teaching.

For maximum teaching value, laboratory equipmentneeds to reproduce real-life characteristics. Theseproducts are completely realistic. All equipment isrepresentative of full-scale industrial systems. Theexpert designs ensure students get the highestquality practical experience possible.

When you invest in equipment like this, youll wantto make the best use of it. Every product hasextensive teaching materials for safety, operation,experimental work and maintenance. Thedocumentation, as well as the products themselves,has been developed working with experteducationalists and electrical power systemsengineers with years of experience and thoroughsubject understanding.

As a professional educator, you need the supportof professional teaching equipment. The supportthis exceptional equipment will give your teachingis unmatched.

For all academic levels, the modular nature of the teachingsystem enables electrical machines laboratories to beeconomically set up and extended as necessary to fulfildeveloping needs.

The compact, lightweight design enables quick and easyinstallation, and experiment manuals cover each aspect of therange. Power electronic drives enable investigations intothyristor speed control of d.c. motors, stepper motors anddrives, and variable frequency inverters, and the range

includes computer interfacesfor data logging andopen/closed-loop control. Cleardiagrams on the apparatushelp students understandexperiments, and high levels ofin-built safety mean studentscan use the equipment withminimal supervision.

Manufactured to extremelyhigh quality standards, thehard-wearing, robust designswithstand many years ofcontinual student use.

The Electrical MachinesTeaching System is made upof the following units:

TQs Electrical Machines Teaching System is a highly popular,established and comprehensive modular teaching system for acomplete range of practical investigations into electricalmachines, their operation, characteristics and applications.

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Electrical Machines Teaching System

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Test Bed Provides power supplies and other essential services,as well as providing full support for machinesunder test. The Test Bed includes an integraleddy current dynamometer, with variablepower supply with speed and torque displays.It also has facilities for monitoring and controlby external instruments.

The equipment is robust and hard-wearing.Combining this with high levels of safety meansit is ideal for use by students on their own or ingroups, or for class demonstrations. Minimal installationand commissioning are required, and the test bed isergonomically designed to fit on a workbench or desk.

Test Bed FH2

Instrumentation FrameA support frame which holds instrumentation and controlmodules from TQs Electrical Machines Teaching System.Usually placed over the rear of the Test Bed, it provides easyaccess and support for all rack-mounting instrumentation andcontrol modules. It also provides a convenient storage facilityfor modules not in use.

The lightweight, portable frame is strong and sturdy towithstand many years of student use. It also includes an earthconnection for safety.

Instrumentation Frame FH3

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Electrical MachinesA wide selection of interchangeable, industrial-type electricalmachines for educational use. The selection includes d.c., a.c.,single-phase and three-phase motors and generators whichgive operating characteristics typical of their type. Ideal forsupporting classroom-taught theory, each machine fitsconveniently on to the Test Bed using a simple, fast alignmentprocedure. Each machine includes an overlay panel showingwinding details. All the machines have similar frame sizes,which enables meaningful comparison between differentmachine type operating characteristics.

Fully compatible with all other products in the ElectricalMachines Teaching System, the machines include high levelsof built-in safety including an integral earth interlock.

Instrumentation andControl ModulesA comprehensive selection of quality instrumentation, loadingand control modules provides everything needed to completea full and comprehensive range of test circuits for eachelectrical machine. Supplied in hardwearing, ruggedenclosures, the modules conveniently mount on theInstrumentation Frame. All indicators, controls and sockets areergonomically positioned, easy to read and adjust. Whereappropriate, diagrammatic representations on the front panelsof the modules aid student understanding of the circuits. Themodules include appropriate safety and protection, such asovercurrent, voltage or thermal cut-outs.

Transformer ModuleA single-phase, double-wound transformer held in a robustenclosure. The multiple primary and secondary windings andtappings allow students to investigate a wide range oftransformer principles, including Scott Connection. Threeunits may be interconnected to enable three-phasetransformer experiments.

Transformer Module TR1

Variable TransformerFor investigations into single-phase variable transformeroperation. Housed in a rugged enclosure which fits on to anInstrumentation Frame. By connecting three of these modulestogether, students can also investigate three-phase operation.

Variable Transformer VTM1

D.C. Ammeter A2A.C. Ammeter A3Triple A.C. Ammeter A30D.C. Voltmeter V2Triple A.C. Voltmeter V3Wattmeter W1Speed and Slip Indicator S1Frequency Meter F1Power Factor Meter PF1Synchroscope SY1Synchronising Panel SY2Resistive Load Bank R1Rheostat R2Three-Phase Resistive Load Bank R3LCapacitive Load Bank C1Inductive Load Bank L10Direct On Line Starter FH200Remote Control Unit FH200/RAutomatic Star Delta Starter FH201Auto-Transformer Starter FH202Utility Switch FH203Resistive Load Bank R5LVariable Transformer VTM1Automatic Speed Controller FH210Transformer Module TR1

D.C. Compound Machine FH50Shaded Pole Motor FH60Split Phase Motor FH70Capacitor Motor FH80Cage Rotor Induction Motor FH90Wound Rotor Machine FH100A.C. Series Motor FH110Two-Speed Induction Motor FH130Synchronous Reluctance Motor FH140Stepper Motor FH150

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Thyristor Drive System A frame-mounting module for use with TQs ElectricalMachines Teaching System to enable investigations intothyristors controlling the speed of a d.c. motor. This is undervarious open and closed-circuit conditions and with differentsources of feedback. These include studies of open and closed-loop control using armature voltage, variable armature currentand tachogenerator feedback. The equipment includes inputsfor external controller signals, monitoring points for powerrated voltage and current signal waveforms. It also includes abuilt-in meter for control signal monitoring.

Thyristor Drive System TDS2

Variable Frequency InverterIllustrates the principles and operation of variable frequencyand speed control of a cage rotor induction motor using apulse width modulated (PWM) three-phase inverter. Fullycompatible with equipment in the TQ Electrical MachinesTeaching System range, the apparatus consists of a self-contained pulse width modulated variable frequency inverter.It enables internal and external control of frequency andspeed, acceleration and deceleration, and direction ofrotation. The bench-mounting unit has fully buffered currentand voltage monitoring points for safe monitoring anddisplay by oscilloscope. A meter is included to display speed,slip and frequency.

Variable Frequency Inverter MPM1015

Stepper Motor Drive System Fits on to an Instrumentation Frame for studying the steppingand dynamic characteristics of a stepper motor and driveconfiguration. Enables students to use standard industrialtechniques to obtain speed and positional control. Includesinputs for variable analogue d.c. and digital signals for externalcontrol of speed, acceleration and position. For use with TQsElectrical Machines Teaching System.

Stepper Motor Drive System SMS2

Supply Converter UnitA transformer unit to provide the 230 volts line voltagerequired by the Test Bed. Can supply up to three test bedsfrom a three-phase mains supply.

Supply Converter Unit MPM1004

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The teaching strategy of TQs Electrical Power Systemsrange is to introduce the student to power systemengineering by giving a thorough understanding ofthe individual elements of a power system. A selectionof equipment is available to cover each of the relevantelements, allowing students to investigate anextensive variety of behaviour. This includes problemsolving and analysis, as each product can accept awide range of faults.

The products available cover every aspect of powersystems: generation, transformation, transmission,distribution, utilisation and protection. The range iscompleted by total system study on the award-winning Power System Simulator.

Alternatively, all major products are available inmodular form, and can be linked together using theSwitched Busbar Module. This option allowseducation or training institutions to gradually build up

Thyristor and DiodeTeaching UnitEven for electrical engineers who do not specialise in powerelectronics, knowledge of the properties and circuitry ofpower semiconductor devices is of paramount importance.TQs Thyristor and Diode Teaching Unit is a versatile teachingaid which provides all the facilities needed to investigate theprinciples and applications of thyristors, diodes andconverters. The scope of experimentation ranges frominvestigating the operating characteristics of individualdevices, through to their use in basic and advanced powerelectronic drives. A wide range of a.c. and d.c. experiments ispossible, as is single-phase and three-phase operation.

The equipment consists of a floor-standing, self-containedmobile console. All components, transformers,instrumentation, power supplies and control devices aremounted on the control panel of the console. A mimicdiagram details the connection requirements.

Thyristor and Diode Teaching Unit NE9023

Portable Resistive Loadbank NE7026

Portable Inductive Loadbank NE7028

Analogue/Digital Oscilloscope OS2

laboratories and combine individual power systemcomponents until they have a full laboratorysimulation of a typical industrial power system.

TQs Electrical Power Systems products make it simplefor educational institutions to set up a completepower systems engineering course in a short time andin a cost-effective way. Our experts can help youdetermine the configuration thats right for yourcourse and your environment.

Electrical PowerSystems

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Educational TransformerFor comprehensive investigations into the principles andoperating characteristics of single-phase and three-phasepower and distribution transformers. This ergonomicteaching console enables a wide range of experiments andinvestigations into transformer operation and applications.

The apparatus contains one three-phase double-woundtransformer and three single-phase triple-woundtransformers with tertiary windings. The console has fullinstrumentation including a numerical protection relaywith a wide range of functions. Parallel operationexperiments are simplified and the transformers have awide range of winding tappings and winding pairs. Avariable auto transformer is also included.

Educational Transformer NE9240


Portable Capacitive Loadbank NE7027


Three-Phase MobileEducational TransformerA mobile 3 kVA, three-phase, multi-tapped transformer. Aswell as general laboratory use, the open and flexible design ofthe equipment makes it suitable for a wide variety of single-phase or three-phase experiments. The design makes it easy todemonstrate transformer principles in single-phase or three-phase delta or star configuration. All tappings are connectedto colour-coded shrouded sockets for safety.

Students can measure core and winding temperature, andmultiple tappings and extra (tertiary) windings enable avariety of output voltages.

Single-Phase TransformersA set of three single-phase, multi-tapped transformers for awide range of single-phase or three-phase experiments.

The apparatus consists of three separate transformers, eachfitted inside a robust enclosure. Each transformer has aselection of high-voltage (primary) and low-voltage(secondary) windings to select a range of output voltages. Theopen, flexible design allows students to use the transformersfor many different types of experiment.

All tappings are accessible so that the transformers may beconfigured for delta or star connection. All tappings areconnected to colour-coded, shrouded sockets for safety. Tomake transformer principles easy to demonstrate, thetransformers operate at one volt per turn. This means that theoutput (no load) voltage corresponds exactly to the numberof turns. The transformers also enable students to measure thetemperatures of the primary windings, the secondarywindings and the core of the blue-phase transformer.

Three-Phase Mobile Educational Transformer NE9042




Single-Phase Transformers NE9043




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Salient Pole GeneratorAllows comprehensive investigations into the principlesand operating characteristics of salient pole generators.The floor-standing educational console includes a fullyinstrumented salient pole generator with facilities to allowno-load tests and synchronising and parallelling withthree-phase supplies. When used with external load banks(available separately), the equipment also allows full-loadgenerator tests, load sharing, protective relaying, shortcircuit and zero-power factor tests.

The base of the console houses the generator and prime-mover. The steady state and transient performancecharacteristics of the motor and generator combinationare typical of industrial turbine and generator sets. Thisallows meaningful generator investigations, includingstudies into performance envelope stability limits.

The equipment has comprehensive instrumentation andcontrols, plus a numerical protection relay forinvestigations into a wide range of protective functionsand analysis.

The console includes a detailed mimic diagram and clearlabelling to help student understanding. It also has aconvenient work surface.

TQs Salient Pole Generator can easily be incorporatedinto a modular power system using a Switched BusbarModule (NE9200, available separately).

Salient Pole Generator NE9250




Transmission Line Simulator For comprehensive investigations into short, mediumand long transmission line performance, including thecharacteristics of single-phase and three-phase systems.The Transmission Line Simulator enables realistic studiesunder variable load and power factor conditions, as wellas with inserted faults. The equipment also enableseffective demonstrations of the Pi or Tee methodsof loss profiling.

The floor-standing teaching console includes allessential instrumentation, power supplies, loads,controls and protection devices. A fault applicationswitch and earth fault resistors allow studies of earthfault currents and the operation of relays of varyingsensitivity. In addition, a numerical protection relayprovides a wide range of functions.

The console has a convenient work surface for studentuse during experiments, and a detailed mimic diagramwith clear labelling helps student understanding. TheTransmission Line Simulator can easily be incorporatedinto a modular power system, using a Switched BusbarModule (NE9200).

Transmission Line Simulator NE9280

Power Factor Loadbank and Static Compensator NE9060

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Power Factor Load Bank andStatic CompensatorThe ideal equipment for introducing and providing a basicunderstanding of three-phase systems. Balanced andunbalanced load effects, neutral displacement, effect of powerfactor are all available on the unit, as is independent variationof each of the phases of the three-phase load. Phases can bepre-set to unity, or one of several lagging or leading powerfactors. The unit upholds the selected power factor,irrespective of load.

Using this product with the Transmission Line Simulatorenables convenient production of regulation characteristics.For example, students can use a Kapp diagram as amanually controlled static VAr compensator for lineregulation experiments. The ability to vary load whilemaintaining constant power factor also makes this an idealload for TQs Educational Transformer or Salient PoleGenerator teaching units.

Power Factor Load Bank and Static Compensator NE9060

Circuit Breaker TrainerA compact, bench-mounting teaching product whichdemonstrates operational control of high and mediumvoltage three-phase switchgear with circuit protection.Ideal for demonstrations or laboratory experiments, theCircuit Breaker Trainer includes four different feeder circuits,each with their own protection devices. Earth faultsimulation is included, as is simulation of remote and localcontrol of circuit contactors.

Industry-standard switchgear, protection devices andcomponents are used throughout.

Circuit Breaker Trainer NE9111


Switched Busbar Module TQs Electrical Power System range consists of products toallow students to investigate the principles associated with allelements of a typical electrical power system. These includegeneration, transformation, transmission, distribution,utilisation and protection. Once students fully understand theprinciples associated with each of these elements, they canadvance to more complex electrical power systems. Theseinclude combinations of two or more of these elements.

TQs Switched Busbar Module cost-effectively interconnectsproducts from TQs Electrical Power Systems range, allowinginvestigations into more complex electrical power systems.The Switched Busbar Module is a versatile, safe and cost-effective laboratory solution to support a complete course inelectrical power system training, theory and practice. Itinterconnects products in TQs Electrical Power Systems rangein a realistic and meaningful way, producing circuits withcharacteristics typical of industrial electrical power systems.

The Switched Busbar Module can be hard-wired to two ormore TQ Power System modules. These are the Salient PoleGenerator, Educational Transformer, A.C. Transmission LineSimulator and Distribution Trainer.

Students use the individual products for practicalexperiments in the topics involved. Using the sameequipment, linked by a Switched Busbar Module, minimisesthe difficult transition from fundamental principles to studiesof more complex systems.

Students observe the effects on overall system performanceand also the interaction between each element.

An essential feature of the Switched Busbar Module design isits simplicity. Students easily and quickly construct andinvestigate circuits. Connections remain clearly visible so theschematic of the circuit is always apparent to the student.

The Switched Busbar Module is a floor-standing enclosure. It isan industry-standard configuration of switches, isolators,incoming and outgoing feeders, busbars, currenttransformers, circuit breakers and instrumentation. A mimicdiagram clearly details the location and functionality of allcircuit components and test points.

Switched Busbar Module NE9200




Educational Transformer NE9240

Salient Pole Generator NE9250

Transmission Line Simulator NE9280

Distribution Trainer NE9202

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Distribution Trainer An educational d.c. and single-phase and three-phasea.c. line simulator, for a comprehensive range ofpractical investigations into the principles of electricaldistribution. From fundamental concepts to theoperation and protection of a typical industrial powerdistribution system, this versatile equipment is suitablefor teaching a wide variety of technical levels.

The distribution trainer is straightforward to use,while effective in teaching with a student-friendlydesign. It reflects current engineering practice andteaching trends, and includes an up-to-datenumerical protection relay which provides a widerange of functions.

Lecturers can use the equipment to promoteawareness of fundamental electrical effects and laws,and for student experiments into radial and ringmain distribution circuits. Balanced and unbalancedloads are configurable, and faults may be appliedand their effects observed. The Distribution Trainercan easily be incorporated into a modular powersystem using a Switched Busbar Module (NE9200).

Distribution Trainer NE9202

Protection Relay Test Set A teaching console which gives studentstheoretical and practical experience with a varietyof industrial relays. This includes experimentsinvestigating overcurrent, earth fault, differential, circulating current and distance numerical protection. It

also covers relay setting and tripping characteristics, aswell as grading and discrimination under fault conditions.

TQs Protection Relay Test Set uses genuine industrialprotection equipment and techniques, not simulation. Arange of modern industrial relays, specially adapted byTQ for educational use, is available separately.

The equipment allows students to compare individualrelay characteristics, as well as simultaneous comparison

of any two relays to introduce thetopic of discrimination.

The console incorporatesinstrumentation, power supplies,transformers and controls. It also hasan ergonomic desk space for studentsto work on, and room to convenientlymount two relays (the test set willsupport up to two relays at once).

The equipment includes relay supportsoftware which enables users toprogram the relay modules on acomputer. Alternatively, they canprogram the relays direct.

Protection Relay Test Set PS250

Please turn to the next page for details of theindustrial relays available for use with thisproduct.

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Relays for use with TQsProtection and Relay Test SetThe following products incorporate genuine modernindustrial relays. For use with TQs Protection and RelayTest Set (PS250), each relay is presented in an educationalformat and housed in a robust enclosure with carryinghandle. The modules mount on the desk area of theProtection and Relay Test Set, and connect to the test setusing multi-core cables and safety leads.

The lecturer or student sets up different fault circuits onthe Protection and Relay Test Set. They then use thekeypad and display on the relay module to program it tothe settings needed for the tests. They can also use thesoftware supplied with the Protection and Relay Test Setand computer (available separately) to program the relaymodule. The relay module is then connected to the faultcircuits so tests can be performed.

Most tests are performed using single relays. However,there are enough connections on the Protection andRelay Test Set to test two relay modules at the same time.

Overcurrent and EarthFault RelayAn entry-level three-phase and earth fault overcurrent relay.Enables investigations into protection and monitoring oftransformers, transmission lines and distribution schemes.

Differential Protection Relay A differential protection relay which enables investigations intoprotection of transformers, autotransformers, generators andother electrical apparatus with two windings. The relay clearlydemonstrates the characteristics of three-phase differentialprotection. This includes high stability during out-of-zonefaults, zero-sequence current filtering for each winding, high-speed operation, magnetising inrush restraint, amplitude andvector matching.

Differential Protection Relay PS252

Directional/Non-DirectionalOvercurrent RelayA directional/non-directional overcurrent relay forinvestigations into protection and monitoring of generatorand transformer schemes, overhead lines, underground cablesand backup on high-voltage systems.

Feeder Management RelayA feeder management relay for investigations into theprotection and monitoring of overhead lines andunderground cables.

Feeder Management Relay PS254

Distance Protection RelayA distance protection relay allowing investigations into theprotection and monitoring of overhead transmission lines.

Distance Protection Relay PS255

Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay PS251

Directional/Non-Directional Overcurrent Relay PS253

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Power System Engineering

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Power System SimulatorThe TQ Power System Simulator provides a safe and cost-effective environment in which engineers, technicians andcontrol room operatives can gain knowledge-based learningand skills-based training in all aspects of electrical powersystems.

It uses modern industrial instrumentation, control devices andtechniques throughout, ensuring the steady-state and transientoperating characteristics are typical of full-scale electrical powersystems. It is possible to configure the Power System Simulatorto represent any national electrical grid network.

The Power System Simulator provides all necessary facilities tosupport the practical content of a comprehensive course inelectrical power systems. It includes a thorough manual withdetailed experiment procedures, full theoretical support, and astructured series of practical investigations. The practicalinvestigations describe studies into the operation, control andperformance of power systems using per unit (pu) treatment.Other technical information fully covers safety andmaintenance, and the protective relay manufacturersoperation and set-up manuals.

The Power System Simulator combines all the individualelements found in a typical electrical power system. Theseelements are:

Generation Transformation

Transmission Distribution

Utilisation Protection

The open structure of the Power System Simulator allowsstudents to individually investigate each of the systemelements. This ensures students and trainees, working on theirown or in groups, fully understand the principles involvedwith each part of a power system. They can then progress, ineasy steps, to more advanced systems where two or moreelements are interconnected. They can then study how thesecombined elements perform and interact.

The highest level of study is with all elements included. Thisallows students to investigate the performance of a completepower system. It also allows students to gain the skills andexpertise required to operate, optimise and maintain thesystem. This progressive learning process allows students tomore easily and quickly understand the principles involvedwith this complex topic.

The Power System Simulator consists of a self-contained, free-standing enclosure with rear access to all power componentsvia interlocked doors. It includes full state-of-the-art built-inprotection, instrumentation and loading facilities.

The front panel of the Power System Simulator provides accessto all facilities including a full range of instrumentation,indicators, controls, meters and protective relays. A detailedmimic diagram assists students understanding of the functionof each facility and, therefore, how they should correctlyconnect and use them.

The Power System Simulator is one of TQs most highlyregarded products, used in institutions throughout the world.

Power System Simulator NE9270

Please turn to the next page for the ancillaries available with this product.

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Power System Engineering

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Power System SimulatorSCADA PackageTQs Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Software(SCADA) Package is a fully compatible, optional ancillarywhich extends the scope of experimentation possible withTQs Power System Simulator (NE9270).

The SCADA Package consists of:

a computer (PC)

industrial SCADA software with graphics screensrepresenting different aspects of monitoring andcontrolling the functions of the Power System Simulator

interfaces to allow direct connection to a Power SystemSimulator

a quality colour printer

The Power System Simulator includes intelligent electronicdevices, including numerically-based protective relays anddigital instrumentation. The SCADA software running on thePC connects to these devices to provide Power SystemSimulator operators with continuously updated system andpower network information.

The facilities within the SCADA software package useindustry-standard SCADA presentation formats andprocedures throughout. These include supervision, plantprotection, plant monitoring, switchgear control, event andalarm management. A wide range of functions is possibleusing the SCADA package to provide a comprehensivecourse in modern power systems.

Power System Simulator SCADA Package NE9271

Second GeneratorA self-contained motor and generator set which operates as asecond generator for TQs Power System Simulator (NE9270).The apparatus provides a wide range of additional andextended experimentation with the Power System Simulatorover a wide range of topic areas.

The Second Generator can simulate both central generationand embedded generation, as well as providingexperimentation into both stiff and weak systems. Thegenerator contains a simple AVR which can operate inseveral modes.

The apparatus consists of two coupled machines mounted ona bed plate in the base of a control console. A vector drivecontrols the speed of the prime mover. An integral shaftencoder enables load angle analysis.

The console consists of a floor-standing control desk. Itincludes a clearly labelled mimic diagram on the front panelwith instrumentation and comprehensive control systemsdevices. When the Second Generator is connected to a PowerSystem Simulator operating with the optional SCADApackage, the Second Generator automatically integrates intothe SCADA system. This enables the SCADA software tomonitor, control and analyse the Second Generator operation.

Second Generator NE9272

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TQ Education and Training LtdBonsall Street, Long Eaton

Nottingham NG10 2AN

TQ Education and Training Ltd 2006

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of TQ Education and Training Ltd.

The information contained in this publication has been carefullyprepared and is correct at the time of printing. However, in the

interests of further improvement, the manufacturers reserve the rightto modify the apparatus without notice.

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Tel: +44 115 972 2611Fax: +44 115 973 1520

Email: [email protected]

TQ Education and Training LtdBonsall StreetLong EatonNottingham NG10 2ANEngland

T +44 115 972 2611F +44 115 973 1520E [email protected] www.tq.com

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