elearning, mlearning, and user assistance

Presentation © 2014 Ray GallonThe Tran

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@TransformSoc@RayGallon

eLearning mlearning and user assistance

Learning from learning

Ray Gallon

Member, Board of Directors

Presentation © 2014 Ray Gallon@TransformSocThe Tran

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http://images.wikia.com/thehungergames/images/

4/43/Classroom.jpg

“Learning should be an active process...

...Too often students

come to school to watch

their teachers work”

-Will Daggett


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Henry Jenkins and 21st Century Skills

We are still “...training autonomous problem solvers, whereas... [learners in the workplace] are increasingly being asked to work in teams, drawing on different sets of expertise, and collaborating to solve problems.”

-Henry Jenkins, Annenberg School of Communications (USC)


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Play: Experiment with surroundings as problem solving

Simulate: Interpret and construct dynamic models of the real world

Perform: Change identity, improvise, discover


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Appropriate: Remix content

Multi-‐task: Monitor the environment and shift focus ad-‐hoc

Develop Collective Intelligence: Pool knowledge and work on a common goal


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Attributes of Participatory Culture (Henry Jenkins)

Affiliations: Memberships, formal and informal, in online communities centred around various forms of media

Expressions: Creating new creative forms, such as digital sampling, mash-‐ups...

Collaborations: Problem-‐solving and working together in teams to complete tasks and develop new knowledge

Circulations: Shaping the flow of media, such as podcasting, micro-‐/blogging

Source: Confronting The Challenges Of Participatory Culture, by Henry Jenkins, MIT Press, 2009


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Emergent LearningGenerally takes advantage of emergent technologies

Based on social interaction for the co-‐construction of knowledge and meaning (Camacho, 2013)

Learners are encouraged to take control of their learning... collaborate with peers to produce content, and to use mobile tools for investigation and exploration (Loke, et al, 2010)

Instructors as facilitators design the learning environment and structure learning processes (Jonassen, 1991)

SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/marcamacho/enhancing-participatory-culture-how-to-design-international-collaboration-through-mobile-and-social-media

http://www.slideshare.net/marcamacho/enhancing-participatory-culture-how-to-design-international-collaboration-through-mobile-and-social-media


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eLearning


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Examples:

Webquest

Flipped Classroom

Simulation: software simulation of complex

or dangerous machinery

Problem-‐based: articulate a real-‐life problem

and solve it collectively

Learning should be Emotional

All these methods require collaboration!

Engagement is key

to retention

http://www.thekennedycenterinc.org/what-we-do/programs-services/children-and-family-services/school-transition-partners-program.html

http://www.thekennedycenterinc.org/what-we-do/programs-services/children-and-family-services/school-transition-partners-program.html


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What Is eLearning?Learning conducted via electronic media,

typically on the Internet

–Oxford English Dictionary


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eLearning Is Not eKnowledge“We can deceive ourselves into thinking we have a sound instructional program when what we really have is just a lot of content…”

“…Ask yourself if the learner must remember or practice the content. If not, if it’s just content that has to be referenced” –eKnowledge

Source: Dr. Marc Rosenberg, president, International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) http://www.learningsolutionsmag.com/articles/1102/marc-‐my-‐words-‐elearning-‐vs-‐eknowledge


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eKnowledgeInformation I can look up


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eLearning RedefinedInstruction-focused learning, presenting content that

the learner must remember or practice, conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet


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eLearning TechniquesExamples:

Webquest

Flipped Classroom

Simulation: software simulation of complex or

dangerous machinery

Problem-‐based: articulate a real-‐life problem

and

solve it collectively


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Webquest - A Question Through the Web (Bernie Dodge, San Diego State University)

A webquest provides guided research

Structure: Always the same sections

Free online tool: http://questgarden.com/index.php


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Flipped ClassroomPrimarily useful for structured informational learning

Puts the lecture “at home” and the “homework” in the collaborative environment (“classroom”)

Not specific to eLearning, but eLearning enhances the value

http://schoolpress.cdn.whipplehill.net/whipplehill408/1/files/2012/01/flipped2.jpg


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Flipped ClassroomLearners watch self-‐paced media, “lectures,” in their own time Instructor is available during “class time” when learners need coaching -‐ while working on exercises or projects Collaborative environment continues beyond the course time, to provide motivated solution to real-‐world problems In this scenario, real application of learning is more likely to happen http://schoolpress.cdn.whipplehill.net/whipplehill408/1/files/2012/01/flipped2.jpg


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Simulation & Problem Based Learning

http://forgefx.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/aircraft-deicing-training-simulator1.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRfI35KSu_s/T7508SjWDhI/AAAAAAAAAc8/Ro_5ZxGg1bU/s1600/pbl.gif


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mLearning

http://www.learningreview.com/mobile-social-learning/3412-m-learning-en-accion


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What is mLearning?The exploitation of ubiquitous handheld hardware, wireless networking and mobile telephony to facilitate, support, enhance, and extend the reach of teaching and learning.

Mobile learning can take place in any location, at any time, including traditional learning environments such as classrooms, as well as in workplaces, at home, in community locations, and in transit.

SOURCE: http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/41364593/MoLeNET%20website%20-%20Copy/www.molenet.org.uk/about/index.html

http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/41364593/MoLeNET%20website%20-%20Copy/www.molenet.org.uk/about/index.html


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How is mLearning different from eLearning?

More personal

Deterritorialized (ubiquitous)

More accessible

More fun (?)

More interactive

Spontaneous

Shorter duration

For instant use

Social: engaging users to contribute and share

Gestural (swipe, pinch, tap) -‐ thus more sensorial, body involvement

http://blog.soundidea.co.za/home/22/files/Success/mlearning2.jpg


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Not just the miniaturization and convenience of portable computing

Transforming how we conceptualize and interact with computing and our environment

Transforming how we communicate, create, and manipulate information

(Cheney, 2010; Pachler, Bachmair, & Cook, 2010)

SOURCE: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf

mLEARNING

http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf


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@RayGallonSOURCE: http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf

Ubiquitous social connectivity Instant information access Enhanced view of the world through digital augmentation.

(Cook, 2010)

Empowering for learners: Can become content and context generators in authentic learning environments Not simple consumers of transmitted content.

(Herrington & Herrington, 2006-‐2007)

mLEARNING

http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/hobart11/downloads/papers/Cochrane-full.pdf


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Both eLearning and mLearning...Engage the learner to become:

Content creator

Author of his/her own learning experience

Are social

Demand collaboration

Lead to the discovery of creative collective solutions

Can lead to the development of ongoing learning networks

Anchor learning through real-‐world application


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So what about User Assistance?


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http://stc.intercom.org

February 20136

From John Carroll, the Father of Minimalism“User” is passive, to me —you’ve been handed something, use it — whereas I think what people are doing is much more actively a matter of ownership and appropriation and coming to control a new tool in a new environment...

“learners” focuses on the human development and appropriating new knowledge and skill, which I think is really more the essence of what’s going on. from an interview with Nicky Bleiel, in STC’s “Intercom” magaine, February 2013


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Henry Jenkins’ Participatory Culture is Not Just for Schools: It’s for Life

Today’s Life is with Technical Products:

Affiliations: Memberships, formal and informal, in online communities centred around various products (user groups)

Expressions: Generating new shortcuts, product ideas, improvements...

Collaborations: Problem-‐solving and working together in teams to complete tasks and develop new knowledge

Circulations: Shaping the flow of media, such as podcasting, micro-‐/blogging, as invested stakeholders

Adapted from Jenkins, MIT Press, 2009


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Fast-Paced WorldWe jump from task to task

We grab information in small bits as we need it

We might be anywhere when we need it

When we need it, we need it NOW!

The mobile solution is often the best adapted

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/02/27/article-2107158-02EF5AE80000044D-851_468x359.jpg

http://wp.appadvice.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/multitasking.jpg


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@RayGallonhttp://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/cactus-cell-tower.jpg

Ubiquitous Social ConnectivityOur challenge – be present where the users are:

Social networks

Top of their Google searches

Anywhere that they seek to learn about our products.


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http://assets.dornob.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/flashlight-map-concept.jpg

Ubiquitous Social ConnectivityOur UA needs to be:

Findable (eliminates most PDF’s)

Current

Mobile-‐friendly – easy to read on a small screen(no longer nice-‐to-‐have)


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Information in Bits – Missing Pieces

Knowledge

Auto

nomy

Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society


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Black Holes in Our Knowledge

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Black_Hole_Milkyway.jpg

http://thaiastro.nectec.or.th/news/2002/img/news2002nov03a.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/BH_LMC.png http://wallse.net/search/t/e3/b3b.jpg

Image by Mark Van Norden http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8342/8275081235_35eb0091a9_z.jpg

http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8342/8275081235_35eb0091a9_z.jpg


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Level 3 -‐ interactive, contextual

UA Structures for Filling the Gaps

Level 1 -‐ internal, contextual

Level 2 -‐ external, contextual


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Is this eKnowledge or eLearning?

Does the user/learner need to remember

or practice the content?

Can s/he simply look it up (Google it)?


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Mooc’s (for eLearning)

Social networking

Formal structureMultimedia

Massive Open Online Course

Social learning: Mutual exchange of knowledge & expertise Instructor is a moderator and guide Limited in time

Self organizing – users fill their own particular gaps


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Mobile Docs (for eKnowledge)Mobile Controls


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Curators, Not Gate Keepers

h"p://cdn.mactrast.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2011/09/Rotary-‐iPhone.png

X


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Knowledge

Auto

nomy

Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society

The Curator as Story-Teller


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I’m Ray Gallon - The Humanist Nerd

20 years in technical communication with major companies such as G.E. Healthcare, IBM, etc.

Member, board of directors, Society for Technical Communication (STC)

Past president, STC France

Award-‐winning radio producer and journalist – CBC, NPR, France Culture, etc. and former programme manager, WNYC-‐FM, New York Public Radio

Research collaborator and principal, The Transformation Society, a new research and training institute in Barcelona, Spain

Owner/Consultant, Culturecom – specialist in business process improvement through communication

Presentation © 2014 Ray Gallon

@RayGallon

Thank

Email: [email protected]

Google Plus: +Ray Gallon Twitter: @RayGallon

LinkedIn: Ray Gallon

RAY GALLONC U L T U R E C O M

@TransformSoc

Pass me your business card:Let’s talk!

Portions of this presentation based on research by the

Transformation Society Research group.

Member, Board of Directors

Watch for digital learning blog on Adobe TechComm CentralWebinar: Digital Learning – Individual Adaptive Construction

or Connected Social Interaction? December 4 2014Details and links at www.transformationsociety.net

elearning, mlearning, and user assistance

Technology