effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine
TRANSCRIPT
PROJECT SUMMARY The mining and processing of metal-bearing ores has left a legacy of contaminated mine wastes
across the gold, silver, and mercury deposits of the north-central Mojave Desert located in southern Cali-fornia. In addition to the primary metals being mined at these sites, a host of other minor and potentially toxic elements (e.g. As, Cr, Pb, Sb) is naturally enriched and released concomitantly during the mining process, introducing significant fluxes of elements that pose threats to both human health as well as the local and regional environments surrounding the mines. The variety in geologic origin of the primary ores and the different processing methods applied to extract metals from them have resulted in chemically complex, heterogeneous mine wastes in which the distribution and composition of metal-bearing species present can be difficult to determine. Furthermore, weathering and dispersal of mine wastes redistributes metals and can (e.g. through oxidation, dissolution, sorption, and secondary mineralization) change their chemical forms, which may alter their bioavailability to organisms.
Few known studies have systematically addressed the effects of particle size on the concentration, speciation, distribution, and reactivity of toxic metals in mine wastes, despite the fact that size distribution is one of the governing variables controlling the transport of such materials to surrounding regions. We hypothesize that the bioaccessibility of arsenic and mercury in mine waste materials is largely dependent on particle size-dependent properties such that bioaccessibility increases only slightly with decreasing particle size, despite much larger increases in concentration, due to offsetting changes in As and Hg speciation and distribution. We therefore propose the following systematic, integrated, multidisciplinary approach to determine the relationships between particle size and the physical and chemical properties of mine waste materials in order to better predict the distribution and bioavailability of As and Hg, involv-ing: (1) field sampling of gold and mercury mine sites in the north-central Mojave and Orange County, CA, including mine tailings, waste rock piles, streambed sediments, background soils, and surface water runoff collected during storm events; (2) size separation and characterization of mine wastes to identify trends in elemental concentrations and distributions with particle size and constrain the physical/chemical processes that contribute to these trends; (3) bulk and micro-scale X-ray absorption, fluorescence, and diffraction analyses of selected mine waste size fractions to identify trends in speciation and distribution as a function of particle size; and (4) leach extraction tests to assess the release of As and Hg in selected size fractions exposed to water and simulated lung and gastric fluids. Results will also be supported and interpreted with the aid of geochemical modeling.
Intellectual Merit: The proposed research will reveal previously uncharacterized yet fundamen-tal trends in elemental concentrations, speciation, correlations, and bioaccessibility as a function of parti-cle size ranging from >2.783 mm down to 0.056 m. Using both conventional analytical methods as well as novel (micro)spectroscopic techniques to identify the behavior of As and Hg and their relative correla-tions with other elements in different size fractions, new information will be generated regarding associa-tions of As and Hg compatible with their presence as primary ore minerals, secondary minerals, sorbed phases, and/or mineral coatings. Since speciation in particular is recognized as a critical component of assessing the relative reactivity and potential toxicity of trace metals in contaminated samples, identifying and quantifying the effects of particle size on speciation and using them to better predict trace metal bioavailability in natural systems represents a potentially transformative contribution to our understanding of the environmental geochemistry of mine waste materials.
Broader Impacts: This project involves a fully integrated plan of research and education by gen-erating opportunities for independent research and fieldwork to undergraduate students, providing under-graduates with experience at national synchrotron research facilities, and initiating collaborative partner-ships between Chapman University, a primarily undergraduate institution, governmental agencies, and public school educators. High school science students from traditionally underrepresented groups will be recruited for summer research internships and exposed to the proposed research through poster presenta-tions and other outreach activities, while schoolteachers will be brought to Chapman through a release program that provides them with the opportunity to learn about and participate in novel scientific re-search. Results will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders impacted by the mine sites and may also lead directly to the development of remediation strategies in areas where heavy metal contamination is cause for environmental concern.
CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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LV$
CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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LL$
CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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LO$
CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009
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CAREER: Effects of particle size on physical and chemical properties of mine wastes Christopher Kim, Chapman University, NSF CAREER (EAR/ICER), 2009