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Effect of integrated nutrient management on quality and yield of soybeanP. M. JADHAV, S. D. RANE, N. J. RANSHUR AND S. M. TODMAL

Key words : Integrated, Nutrient, Management, Quality,Yield, Soybean

Soybean is an important pulse as well as oil seed crop.Among the oil seed crops, soybean has occupied fourth

place in the edible oil scenario of India, next to groundnut,rapeseed and mustard. It’s production in India is 7.6million tonnes (Anonymous, 2004). In Maharashtra State,it is grown on an area of about 11.05 lakh hectare withannual production of about 13.85 lakh tonnes(Anonymous, 2002). Although, the soybean is a new cropin the states the area under this crop is increasing day byday, as it can profitably replace the Kharif sorghum inWestern Maharashtra. It has been proved beyond doubtthat Rhizobium inoculation to seeds of pulse crop enhancesthe yield from 15 to 20 per cent and also enhances theprotein content of seed through the symbiotic nitrogenfixation over that of non treated seeds. However, meagrework has been done on effect of integrated nutrientmanagement on quality and yield of soybean, hence aboveexperiment was conducted.

MATERIAL AND METHODSThe field experiment was conducted at STCRC farm

on Survey No. 68-B at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,Rahuri during Kharif season of 2002-03 using soybean

(Cv. JS-335) as a test crop. The experiment wasconduced in RBD and comprising four replications andeight treatments viz., T

1 (Control), T

2 [GRD (50:75:0 NPK

kg ha-1)], T3 [AST (63:75:0 NPK Kg ha-1)], T

4 [20 q ha-1

target (7:44:41 NPK kg ha-1)], T5 [25 q ha-1 target

(22:69:52 NPK kg ha-1)], T6 [20 q ha-1 target (14:54:36

NPK kg ha-1) + 5t FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer], T7 [25 q ha-

1 target (28:57:51 NPK kg ha -1) + 5t FYM ha-1 +biofertilizer] and T

8 (FYM @ 5 t ha-1). The fertilizers

required for targeted yield of soybean were calculatedbased on STCR-prescription equation developed (FN =4.30 T – 0.34 SN, F P

2O

5 = 9.76 T – 8.17 SP, F K

2O =

2.80 T – 0.06 SK). The soil samples were analyzed initially, while plant samples were analyzed after harvest bystandard procedures. Correlation among the nutrientconcentration and quality parameters was studied by usingmethods prescribed by Panse and Sukhatme (1999).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONNitrogen

The data in respect of nitrogen content of soybeangrain at harvest showed that the treated plots significantlyincreased the nitrogen content over control (withoutfertilizer) and influenced by different treatments.Application of inorganic fertilizer, manure, besidesbiofertilizer (T

6) had increased the nitrogen content (6.86

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management onquality and yield of soybean. The experimental soil was alkaline (pH 8.18), having low saltcontent (EC) 0.26 dSm-1). As regards available nutrients the available nitrogen (194.4 kg ha-1),phosphorus (20.8 kg ha-1) and potassium (392 kg ha-1) were low, medium and high, respectively.Application of fertilizer for 20 q ha-1 target with 5 t FYM and biofertilizers, soybean grainsshowed significant increase in concentration of N, P and Mg. However, for 25 q ha-1 targetwith 5 t FYM and bioferilizers showed higher concentration of Ca(0.71 %) and S (0.47 %).Crude protein content in soybean grain was higher (39.18) in combined application of organic,inorganic and biofertilizers (T

6). Per cent oil content was maximum (19.54) in T

6 as compared

to control. The value of methionine and tryptophan content varied from 1.36 to 1.41 and 1.11– 1.19 g/16g N, respectively. The thousand-grain weight was increased with application ofnitrogen and phosphorus dose from 125.69 to 156.86 g. Specific gravity of soybean oil was atpar in all treatment. In treatment T

3 fertilizers were applied as per soil test showed least

percent of shriveled grains (3.12) ultimately results were higher grains weight. In targetedyield treatment the yield target of 20 ha-1 and 25 q ha-1 were fulfilled. It was observed that therewas significant positive correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus content in soybeangrain and calcium, magnesium, sulphur, crude protein, thousand-grain weight. Whereaspotassium content in soybean grain was significantly and positively correlated withmagnesium and crude protein.

See end of article forauthors’ affiliations

Correspondence to :N.J. RanshurDepartment of Soil Science andAgrl. Chemistry,College of Agriculture,PUNE (M.S.) INDIA

Accepted : February, 2007

The Asian Journal of Soil Science (2007) 2 (1) : 68-73

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Asian J. Soi. Sci. (2007) 2 (1)

per cent) and it was at par with the rest of the treatmentsexcept control (5.85 per cent). The nitrogen content variedfrom 5.85 to 6.86 per cent (Table 1).

The increased nitrogen concentration in soybeangrain might be due to more uptake of nitrogen underconjoint use of organic and inorganic in form of FYMand fertilizer along with biofertilizers. Similar findings werereported by Tumbare (2002).

PhosphorusThe phosphorus content of soybean grain was

significantly influenced by the different treatments (Table1). All the treatment associated with organics, inorganicsand also with biofertilizer recorded maximum phosphoruscontent in grain as compared to only organics. However,application of inorganic fertilizer with targeted yield 20 qha-1 + 5 t FYM + biofertilizer (T

6) exhibited maximum

phosphorus content (0.68 per cent) in grain and it wassignificantly higher than those recorded in the rest of thetreatments. The least phosphorus content was observedin control treatment (0.54 per cent). Phosphorus contentvaried from 0.54 to 0.68 per cent. The application ofFYM along with nitrogen and phosphorus maintainedthe available phosphorus in soil sufficiently high perhapsowing to mineralization of organic phosphoruscontributing to supply of phosphorus continuously. Theresults obtained are in conformity with those of Jagtap(2001) and Tumbare (2002) in case of same crop.

PotassiumPotassium content at harvest varied from 0.89 to

1.09 per cent (Table 2). The higher potassium content(1.09 per cent) was observed in treatment 25 q ha-1

targeted yield (T5) whereas lower content of potassium

(0.89 per cent) was observed in control (T1). The

treatment difference among all treatment was found tobe non-significant. The potassium concentration insoybean grain did not show marked variation. This mightbe due to more supply of native potassium from the soil,which was rich in available potassium. Similar results wereobserved by Kumar et al (1993).

CalciumCalcium content of soybean grain was significant

influenced by different treatment and nutrients appliedfor target of different treatments and nutrients appliedfor target of 25 q ha-1 target + 5t FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer(T

7) had maximum calcium content (0.71 per cent) over

rest of the treatments at par with all others (Table 2).The least calcium content of soybean grain was observedin control treatment (T

1). Due to integrated use of

fertilizers, uptake of nutrients by the plants increasedwhich ultimately results in more utilization and assimilationof calcium in grain.

MagnesiumThe magnesium content in soybean grain was

significantly influenced by all treatments under study (Table2). The control treatment showed least magnesium contentby 0.30 per cent while maximum magnesium content (0.63per cent) shown by 0.63 in the 25 q ha-1 target + 5t FYMha-1 + biofertilizer (T

7). The treatment T

7 was at par with

T2 and T

5.The treatmetsT

3, T

4and T

8 were at par with

each other. The increase magnesium concentration in T7

may be due to more availability of nutrient in the soil byway of using nutrients in an integrated way.

Table1 : Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient concentration of soybean grains.

Tr.No.

Treatment N(%) P(%) K(%) Ca(%) Mg(%) S(%)

T1 Control 5.85 0.54 0.89 0.56 0.43 0.42

T2 GRD(50:75:0) NPK kgha-1 6.79 0.64 0.91 0.69 0.62 0.46

T3 AST (63:75:0) NPK kgha-1 6.67 0.64 0.91 0.65 0.55 0.45

T4 20qha-1 target (7:44:41 NPK kgha-1 ) 6.62 0.64 1.03 0.63 0.54 0.44

T5 25qha-1 target (22:69:52 NPK kgha-1 ) 6.65 0.66 1.09 0.66 0.60 0.44

T6 20qha-1 target (14:54:36 NPK kgha-1 ) + 5t FYM ha-1

+ biofertilizer

6.86 0.68 1.08 0.70 0.63 0.45

T7 25 qha-1 target (28: 57:51) 5t FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer 6.83 0.64 1.06 0.71 0.63 0.47

T8 FYM @ 5t ha 6.53 0.63 0.93 0.61 0.52 0.42

SE+ 0.069 0.005 0.09 0.008 0.008 0.005

C.D. at 5% 0.20 0.017 NS 0.025 0.025 0.017

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SulphurThe data pertaining to sulphur content in soybean

grain showed least value (0.42 per cent) in control(T1)

whereas highest value (0.47 per cent) was observed intreatment applying fertilizers with target of 25 q ha-1 target+ 5t FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer (T

7) (Table 1). All the

treatments were at par with each other. The treatmentT

4, T

5 and T

3, T

6 not shown any significant differences.

Conjoint use of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers shownhighest concentration, this might be due to more availabilityand uptake of secondary nutrients and efficient utilizationin the metabolites formation.

Crude protein contentIt was observed that crude protein content was

significantly influenced by different treatments (Table 2).The control treatment had least protein content (33.45per cent) than rest of the treatments. T

6 treatment showed

highest value of crude protein (39.18 per cent), whichwas at par with T

3, T

2 and T

7. The crude protein content

in soybean grain due to application of nutrients at T4, T

8,

T3, T

2,T

5, were 27.02, 37.29, 38.17, 38.77, 38.97, per cent

in increasing order, respectively. As nitrogen increased,the protein content also increased. Application of organicmanures in the form of FYM with inorganic fertilizersalong with biofertiflizer accelerated availability of nitrogen

which increased the protein content in grain of soybean.Similar findings were also reported by Jagtap (2001) andTumbare (2002).

Oil contentThe minimum oil content was observed in soybean

grain (18.40 per cent) in the treatment T3 whereas it was

maximum (20.4 per cent) in control treatment (T1) which

was significantly superior to all other treatments (Table2). Treatments viz., T

3, T

5, T

7, T

2 showed 17.40, 18.49,

18.62 and 18.74 per cent oil content were at par witheach other. Remaining treatments viz., T

4, T

6, T

8 showed

19.52, 19.54, 19.60 per cent oil content which were atpar with each other. Studies indicated that decreased withincreasing in nitrogen level. Similar observations werereported by Belejova (1968) and Costache and Nica(1968).

MethionineThe data related to methionine content in soybean

grain showed significant variation in different treatments(Table 2). The maximum content of methionine (1.41 g/16 gN) was observed in soybean grain by application offertilizers as per soil test and recommended dose (T

3)

and it was found superior over other treatments. Thecontrol treatment (T

1) had least methionine content (1.36

Table2 : Effect of integrated nutrient management on crude protein, oil, methionine and tryptophan content ofsoybean grains.

Tr.No.

Treatment Crude Protein(%)

Oil (%) Methionine(g /16gN)

Tryptophan(g /16gN)

T1 Control 33.45 20.41 1.36 1.11

T2 GRD(50:75:0) NPK kgha-1 38.77 18.74 1.39 1.19

T3 AST (63:75:0) NPK kgha-1 38.17 18.40 1.41 1.19

T4 20qha-1 target (7:44:41 NPK kgha-1 ) 37.02 19.52 1.36 1.17

T5 25qha-1 target (22:69:52 NPK kgha-1 ) 37.98 18.49 1.38 1.18

T6 20qha-1 target (14:54:36 NPK kgha-1 ) +5t FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer

39.18 19.54 1.36 1.17

T7 25 qha-1 target (28: 57:51) 5t FYM ha-1 +biofertilizer

38.97 18.62 1.38 1.18

T8 FYM @ 5t ha 37.29 19.60 1.36 1.13

SE+ 0.50 0.13 0.007 0.008

C.D. at 5% 1.48 0.38 0.021 0.024

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g/16g N) when compared amongst treatments; it was atpar with all other treatments except T

2 and T

3. The present

study showed the methionine ranged in soybean grainsfrom 1.36 to 1.41 g / 16N. The methionine content 10.72to 1.45 g / 16 g N) of 44 promising groundnut cultivarswere reported by Kadam and Sanders (1988).

TryptophanTryptophan content in soybean grain is significantly

influenced by different treatments. However controltreatment (T

1) (Table 2) showed the least value (1.11 g/

16 gnN) of tryptophan content and it was at par with T6

and T8 treatments. The treatment involving application of

fertilizers base on as per soil test and generalrecommended dose (T

2 and T

3) exhibited maximum value

(1.19 g / 16 gN) of tryptophan content, which was at parwith treatment T

4, T

5 and T

7. Application of increased

level of fertilizer significantly increased the tryptophancontent. These results were in conformity with Amayaet al. (1977) and Shinde (1989) in case of groundnut crop.

Specific gravityThe results obtained in case of specific gravity of

soybean oil did not show significant variation due todifferent fertilizer treatments. The treatments T

1 and T

8

showed higher specific gravity (0.89) which was at par

with all other treatment. All other treatments showedsimilar values of specific gravity of oil (0.88) except T

2,

T1, T

8 treatment (Table 3).

Thousand grain weightThe thousand grain weight of soybean was

significantly influenced by different treatments offertilizers. Among all the treatments application of higherlevel of N, P fertilizers i.e. fertilizes as per soil test (T

3)

and general recommended dose (T2) showed maximum

thousand grain weight of 156.86, 153.94 g which weresuperior to all other treatments. The least value ofthousand grain weight (125.69g) exhibited by controltreatment (T

1). The treatment T

8, T

9, T

4, T

7, T

5 showed

the values of thousand grain weight 141.34, 142.69,142.91, 144.77, 149.28 g, respectively and were at parwith each other. Increased application of fertilizersespecially nitrogen and phosphorus increased thousandgrain weight which affects the quality of soybean grain(Table 3). Similar observations were recorded by Mitrovicand Jelenic (1968) and Tumbare (2002).

Shriveled grainsThe percentage of shriveled grains ranged from 3.12

to 9.45 per cent. Minimum shriveled grains showed betterquality of grains and vice versa. Application of fertilizers

Table3 : Effect of integrated nutrient management on specific gravity, thousand grain, shriveled grains and grainyield in Soybean.

Tr.No.

Treatment Specificgravity

Thousand grainweight (g)

Shriveled grains(%)

Grain yield(q/ha)

T1 Control 0.89 125.69 9.45 14.0

T2 GRD(50:75:0) NPK kgha-1 0.89 153.54 4.60 21.2

T3 AST (63:75:0) NPK kgha-1 0.89 156.86 3.12 22.3

T4 20qha-1 target

(7:44:41 NPK kgha-1 )

0.88 142.91 5.32 23.7

T5 25qha-1 target

(22:69:52 NPK kgha-1 )

0.88 149.28 4.62 24.8

T6 20qha-1 target

(14:54:36 NPK kgha-1 ) + 5t

FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer

0.88 142.69 5.35 25.3

T7 25 qha-1 target (28: 57:51) 5t

FYM ha-1 + biofertilizer

0.88 144.47 5.25 26.7

T8 FYM @ 5t ha 0.89 141.34 7.40 15.0

SE+ 0.001 1.32 0.18 0.72

C.D. at 5% 0.003 3.88 0.54 2.11

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decreased percentage of shriveled grains i.e. increasedquality of grains. Fertilizers applied as per soil test T

3

showed least shriveled grains (3.12) ultimately resultshigher grain weight and is significantly superior to all othertreatments(Table 3).

Grain yieldThe data pertaining to yield of soybean grain showed

maximum yield in treatments of integrated nutrientmanagement. In targeted yield treatments the yield targetof 20 q ha-1 and 25 q ha-1 (T

6) were fulfilled (Table 3).

These results were in conformity with Tumbare (2001).

Correlation studiesCorrelation among nutrients concentration and

quality parameter in soybean grain were studied (Table4).

The nitrogen concentration was significantly andpositively correlated with phosphorus, potassium,calcium, magnesium, sulphur, crude protein, methonine,tryptophan and thousand grain weight. However it wassignificantly correlated with specific gravity of oil (r = -0.615**) and oil (r= -733**).

The phosphorus concentration in grain wassignificant and positively correlated with potassium,calcium, magnesium, sulphur, crude protein and methioninecontent. It had significant negative correlation with oil (r= -0.625**) and its specific gravity (r = -0.665**).

The potassium concentration was positivelycorrelated with calcium, magnesium and crude protein.It had poor correlation with sulphur, oil, specific gravity,methionine, tryptophan thousand grain weight.

The calcium concentration in soybean grain waspositively and significantly correlated with magnesium,sulphur, crude protein, specific gravity of oil, tryptophan,thousand grain weight and methione content. It wassignificantly and negatively correlated with oil.

Magnesium concentration was significantly andpositively correlated with sulphur, crude protein,tryptophan, thousand grain weight of soybean grain.However, it had negative correlation with oil (r = -0.784**)and specific gravity (r = -0.530*).

Sulphur content in soybean grain had significantpositive correlation with crude protein, methionine,tryptophan, thousand grain weight. Sulphur concentrationwas however, significantly and negatively correlated withoil (r = 0.710**) and specific gravity (r = 0.679).

The crude protein content of soybean grain wassignificantly and positively correlated with tryptophanand thousand grain weight. It had significant negativecorrelation with oil (r=-0.761**) and it’s specific gravity(r=-0.609**).

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The soybean oil was significantly and positivelycorrelated with specific gravity. Oil had negativecorrelation with methionine (r = -0.854**), tryptophan (r= -0.888**) and thousand grain weight (r = -0.905**).

The specific gravity of oil had significant negativecorrelation with methionine (r = -0.75**), tryptophan (r= -0.786**) and thousand grain weight (r = -0.812**).

Methionine content of grain was positively andsignificantly correlated with tryptophan and thousand grainweight. Tryptophan content showed significant positivecorrelation with thousand grain weight.

Authors’ affiliationsP.M. Jadhav, S.D. Rane and S.M. Todmal, Department of SoilScience and Agrl. Chemistry, College of Agriculture, PUNE (M.S.)INDIA

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Costache, D. and Nica., D. (1968). Protein and oilcontent of soybean as affected by variety, fertilizers andnutritive environment. Lucr. Stiint Inst. Agron. Nicolocboleescu (A). 11: 133-47, (Bibi.4, Roe, F. ru) Quotedfrom field crops Abst., 23 (2): 193.Jagtap, P.S. (2001). Studies on the integrated nutrientsupply system for the soybean (Glycine max L.) cropM.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to MPKV, Rahuri.Kadam, S.S. and Sanders, H.J. (1988). Influence ofprocessing and storage on nutritional composition and shelflife of groundnut and its product. Second Annual Report,Pl. 480. Project No.: 1N – ARS. 223- pp.18.Kumar, R., Singh, K.P. and Sarkar, A.K. (1993).Cumulative effects of cropping and fertilizer use on thestatus of micronutrients in soil and crop. Fert. News, 38(11): 13-17.Mitrovic, A. and Jelenic, D.C. (1968). Soils and Fert,Abst. 15th April, 1970., 33:2.Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1973). StatisticalMethods for Agricultural Workers. IInd Ed. ICAR, NewDelhi.Shinde, P.M. (1989). Biochemical and nutritional studieson some table purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)cultivars. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis submitted to MPKV,Rahuri. (M.S.).Tumbare, A.D. (2002). Integrated Nutrient ManagementSystem for Soybean – onion cropping sequence. A. Ph.D.Thesis submitted to MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra.

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