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Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.) Prepared By: Hari P Paneru(32,147) Luna Lama( 31,151)

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Page 1: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter inoculation on Yield and Yield

component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Prepared By:Hari P Paneru(32,147)Luna Lama( 31,151)

Page 2: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Introduction

• Grown for its pungent fruits, which are used both green and ripe to impart pungency to the food.

• Nitrogen is very much essential for good plant establishment and expected growth

• Nitrogen fertilizer an essential component of any system in which the aim is to maintain good yield

• The productivity of hot pepper is highly responsive to N fertilizer. • Bio-fertilizers very important for economical production.• These bacteria utilize atmospheric nitrogen gas for their cell

protein synthesis. • cell protein mineralized in soil after the death of the Azotobacter

cells thereby contributing towards the nitrogen availability of the crop plants

Page 3: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Materials and methods• Experiment laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications of

each nitrogen and azotobacter combinations• Fertilizers treatments consists of 3 levels of Nitrogen (0, 50, 100 Kg N/ha)

designated as N1, N2, & N3 respectively and 3 levels of azotobacter (0, 0.1gm soil inoculation and, seedlings inoculations) designated as A1, A2, & A3 respectively.

• 9 treatment combinations• Plot size: 4.05 m2• Spacing: 45*45 cm2• Recommended dose of fertilizer: 100:80:80 Kg NPK/ha• Full dose of P , K and half dose of N(37.5 gm) applied as basal dose. 25%

(18.75gm) applied as first top dressing and remaining 25% (18.75)gm was top dressed .

• Data collected on different parameters like plant height, 1st flowering date, 50% flowering date, 100% flowering date, fruit size, fruit diameter, stem diameter, number of fruits per harvesting, seed numbers per fruit, physiological weight loss, final fruit yield, dry weight.

• The collected data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS.

Page 4: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Result and discussionFlowering date• No significant differences for different levels of nitrogen in terms of

first flowering date.• Longest days to 1st flowering i.e. 42.78 days recorded at 150 Kg N/ha

while shortest days recorded at control treatment (35.67 days). • Might be due to excess vegetative growth which delays flowering and

maturity. • Result signifies lower dose of nitrogen useful for achieving early

flowering• Different treatments of azotobacter had also not any significant

difference in first flowering date. • However, seedling inoculation had resulted highest days required for

first flowering.• Interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter had significant effect on

first flowering date

Page 5: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on first flowering date

Page 6: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect contd…..

• N1A2resulted lowest days(27.33 days) for first flowering.

• N3A1 resulted highest days(54.667 days) for first flowering

• Higher dose of nitrogen and without azotobacter inoculation causes late flowering

• This may be Due to excessive vegetative growth. Similar results were reported by the works of Sharma & Thakur 2001 in chilly.

Page 7: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Plant height

• Height significantly increased by increasing level of nitrogen • Highest plant height (74.06 cm) was recorded with 100 kg N/ha.

Shortest height (65.73 cm) was recorded without application of nitrogen.

• This result also supported by Tumbare et.al (2004). They reported that nitrogen fertilizer increased the plant height of capsicum.

• No significant difference recorded in height of plant for different treatments of azotobacter

• However, highest plant height (72.93 cm) was associated with seedling inoculation of azotobacter.

• Because of better nitrogen fixation as result of accelerated bacterial activity and better root system which might have resulted in more nitrogen accumulation in chilli shoots.

Page 8: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter in plant height

Page 9: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect contd…..

• Result significant• Shortest plant height recorded at control treatment of nitrogen and soil

inoculation of azotobacter(N1A2) • longest plant height recorded at 100 kg N/ha and seedling inoculation of

azotobacter(N3A3 ). • Height of the plant -one of the important factors determining yield and

harvest duration• Taller plants more desirable because they lead to more number of branches

which ultimately bear more number of fruits and result in increased productivity.

• The works of Bhattarai et al(2011) at NARC, khumaltar on bell pepper also supported this result. They reported Maximum plant height (66.18 cm) was found with treatment (Azotobacter + FYM + 75 % of recommended dose of N).

Page 10: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Stem diameter

• Effect of different doses of nitrogen in stem diameter was significant.

• Increase in dose of nitrogen the stem diameter also increased. • The highest stem diameter (1.66 cm) found at 100 kg N/ha. • 50 kg N/ha was statistically at par with those control& 100 kg

N/ha.• Effect of different method of azotobacter treatment significant . • Highest stem diameter (1.608 cm) was found at seedling

inoculation of azotobacter. • Soil inoculation of azotobacter was statistically par with

seedling inoculation and without inoculation of azotobacter

Page 11: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on stem diameter

• Significant

Page 12: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect contd…….

• The treatment N3A3 recorded highest stem diameter followed by N2A2.

• Treatment N2A1resulted lowest stem diameter. • Highest stem diameter recorded at 100 kg

N/ha and seedling inoculation because of higher vegetative growth resulted by interactive effect of N & A

Page 13: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Fruit weight

• Highly significant effect of nitrogen for Fruit weight of chilly.

• Highest fruit weight (8.233 gm) was obtained with 100 kg N/ha while lowest with control .

• Fruit weight increased with increased dose of nitrogen.

• Highest fruit weight (8.156 gm) was found with seedling inoculation of azotobacter

• The interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter is significant on fruit weight of chilli.

Page 14: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter in fruit weight

Page 15: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Fruit length

• Nitrogen level found non- significant for fruit length, i.e. different level of nitrogen had no effect on fruit length.

• Fruit length influenced significantly with the treatment of azotobacter.

• Highest fruit length found with the seedling inoculation, whereas smallest fruit length was found with controlled environment.

• Similar results were also found by Pandey BR et al.(2011) , Nawalkar et al (2007) and Purvey & Sen (2007).

• Interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter non significant in fruit length

Page 16: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Physiological weight loss

• Nitrogen had highly significant effect on physiological weight loss, while azotobacter had significant effect

• Controlled environment had lowest physiological loss(18.87%) and 100kg/ha nitrogen was found to have highest physiological loss( 36.69%).

• Higher physiological loss due to increased succulence, soften fruit and more number of stomata, causing higher rate of respiration and transpiration.

• Seedling inoculation of azotobacter resulted in highest physiological loss, whereas controlled environment had lowest physiological loss.

• Interaction of nitrogen and azotobacter had highly significant effect on physiological weight loss.

• The interactive effect of nitrogen and azotobacter resulted highest physiological wt loss at 50 kg N/ha and seedling inoculated condition.

Page 17: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Nitrogen and Azotobacter interactive effect in

physiological wt. loss

Page 18: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

No of seed/fruit

• Number of seeds per fruit was (highly) significantly affected by the treatments.

• Treatment of nitrogen dose 100kg per ha recorded highest number of seed per fruit.

• 50 kg N/ha is at par with control. • The main effect of azotobacter on number of seeds per fruit was

significant. • Lowest number of seed/fruit was seen with controlled environment. • Soil inoculation is statistically at par with control and seedling

inoculation. • The interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on seed numbers/fruit

was significant. • Highest number of seeds per fruit(143.667 seeds) was recorded by the

interactive effect of 100 kg N/ha and seedling inoculation of azotobacter.

Page 19: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Interaction effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on no. of seeds/fruit

Page 20: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Final fruit yield (gm)

• Main effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter in final fruit yield was non significant.

• However higher yield (521.93 gm) was obtained from 100 kg N/ha and lowest(444.83 gm) from control environment .

• Interaction effect of nitrogen and azotobacter was significant.

• Properties of azotobacter like N- fixing, antifungal, P- solubilizing are responsible for higher fruit yield.

Page 21: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Dry weight%

• Applied treatment had highly significant effect to Dry weight %.• Higher dose of nitrogen 100kg/ha resulted highest Dry weight

%(14.33) and lowest(11.89) was resulted without application of nitrogen.

• 50 kg N/ha was statistically at par with control nitrogen treatment.

• Also highest dry weight % was seen with the seedling inoculation of azotobacter and lowest was recorded at no inoculation of azotobacter.

• Higher nitrogen higher DM % because of better accessibility and absorption of nutrients leading increase in dry weight.

Page 22: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Conclusion

• Biofertilizers(Azotobacter) increases the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, increase yield of chilli and bring more profit to farmers.

• Seedling inoculation of azotoabacter is more effective than soil inoculation

• Higher dose of nitrogen (100kg /ha) of biofertilizer produced taller plant, which is an important attribute for higher yield.

• Higher dose of nitrogen and seedling inoculation of azotobacter is associated with higher fruit weight, more number of seeds per fruit and higher dry weight but physiological wt loss is problem

Page 23: Effect of Different Level of Nitrogen and Azotobacter Inoculation on Yield and Yield component of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.)

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