effect of cultivars on storage life of fruits and flowers

EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE

Himanshu Bhatt

2

• INTRODUCTION

• Objectives of Storage

• Quality Characteristics and Criteria

• Factors Affecting Storage Quality

• FRUITS

• FLOWERS

April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE

AN OVERVIEW

3

INTRODUCTION


STORAGE LIFE. The period of time during which fruits and fruit produce can be stored under specified temperature conditions and remain suitable for use.

VASE LIFE. The period during which a cut flower or cut foliage retains its appearance in a vase. This is a major consideration in identifying plant species suitable for use in the cut flower industry, plants with a long vase life being far more desirable than those with a short vase life.

4

OBJECTIVES OF STORAGE

increase the time of fresh state

slow biological activity of the produce at low temperature with controlled temperature.

reduce product drying and slow growth of microorganisms


5

Quality Characteristics and Criteria


Growth, development, and aging.

Flower senescence. Some flowers are extremely long-lived, especially in the Asteraceae and Orchidaceae families, while others are short-lived, including many of the bulb crops, like Tulip, Iris, and Narcissus.

Wilting. Extended life for cut ornamentals depends absolutely on a continuing and adequate supply of water.

6 April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE

Leaf yellowing and senescence. Yellowing of leaves and other organs (buds, stems) is commonly associated with the end of display life in some flowers; e.g., alstroemeria .

Shattering. Abscission and loss of leaves, buds, petals, flowers, or even branchlets .

7

Factors Affecting Storage Quality


Variety. some of the modern alstroemeria cultivars have wonderful flowers, but their display life is short because of rapid leaf yellowing under commercial conditions. Preharvest factors. Disease free plants that were properly irrigated and fertilized will produce flowers that look better and perform better in the vase. However, the large leaves on roses grown under supplementary light with CO2 fertilization make them more susceptible to postharvest wilting.


Food Supply.The quality and vase-life of many cut flowers can be improved by pulsing them immediately after harvest with a sugar solution for a short period, usually less than 24 h, often at low temperature e.g., tuberose, where storage-life and opening are dramatically improved; gladiolus, where flowers open further up the spike, are bigger, with a longer vase-life; and sweet peas, where vase-life was improved . Light, Temperature & R.H. Water Supply. Generally crops that have higher moisture content havepoorer storage characteristics.Cut flowers, especially those with large leaf areas, should be stored above 95% RH to minimize water loss, particularly during long-term storage. i. Air embolism ii. Bacterial plugging. iii. Hard Water.


Water Quality. Chemicals present in tap water like Na or Fluoride will cause salt burn to carnations and roses & damage to gaillardia, gerbera, gladiolus, roses and freesia., respectively.

Harvesting/ Plucking Time. Late-harvested Braeburn apples were more susceptible to flesh and core browning.

Nutrients.

Compositional Changes.

Mechanical Damage.

FRUITS

11

EFFECT OF CULTIVARS ON STORAGE


Tolerance to elevated CO2 concentration,

Tolerance to low O2 concentration, T.S.S. Count, Anti-oxidant, Delayed decay, respiration rate , Chilling injury, Browning, Textural changes, Insect infestations, etc.

12

KEY POINTS REGARDING CULTIVARS FOR BETTER STORAGE


Late harvest lowers the shelf life of fruits, while early with poor quality and uneven ripening

Maturity indices,Nature of fruit,The purpose of which required and distance it has

to be transported,No damage


oil cultivars that are chilling-sensitive should not be stored at chilling temperatures

In some fruits, smaller to medium sized fruits store better than the larger fruits, etc.

i). Dry processing fruits. e.g., berries, cherry, citrus fruits, grape, lychee, pineapple, pomegranate, strawberry, and tamarillo.

ii.) Wet processing fruits. e.g., apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherimoya, guava, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, papaya, passion fruit, pear, peach, persimmon, plum, quince, and sapota.

……

14

AppleIn an experiment for Red delicious, Golden

Delicious, Royal Gala, Mondial Gala…. At 5º C+/- 1 º C& 60-70% RH for 150 days.


Cultivar Weight Loss (%)

Juice Content (%)

TSS (%)

Total Sugars (%)

Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g)

Firmness (%)

Royal Gala 2.43 b 52.04 b 11.26 10.83 11.43 5.08

Mondial Gala 2.35 b 54.40 ab 11.24 10.85 11.53 5.09

Golden Delicious

2.83 a 52.43 b 11.66 11.29 10.27 5.34

Red Delicious 2.42 b 58.54 a 11.79 11.31 12.49 5.85

SOURCE : Storage performance of apple cultivars harvested at different Stages of maturityI. Jan, A. Rab and M. Sajid


Similarly , in an experiment conducted on new cultivars SPA365, SPA628 and SPA813 from the Summerland Apple Breeding Program by Peter M.A. Toivonen agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,

experiments revealed that SPA365 and 813 responded well to 1-MCP over short term, air

storage. SPA 628, while having a similar ripening has superior

firmness retention and much higher titratable acidity.

16

AMBRI KASHMIRI can be stored for almost double the length of time.

Other varieties which can be kept well for 16-26 weeks:

• Delicious,

• Jonathan

• Baldwin,

• Winter banana,

• Yellow ton,

• Rome beauty.


17

Mango

In an experiment on cultivars, …Haden, Irwin, Kent, and Keitt mangos stored at 16-28°C and 85-90% RH …

• Weight loss was slightly higher at 25° and 28°C than at 16-22°C. Breakdown in acidity during ripening was slower at 16°C.

• Vitamin C showed two basic trends; a general decrease as in Haden, Irwin, and Keitt or a steady increase as in Kent.

• Total and β-carotenoids were significantly higher at 22-28°C than at 16-20°C.

• No significant differences observed w.r.t. carbohydrate and S.S.C. The pattern of chemical changes were strikingly similar in all the varieties.


SOURCE: Compositional Changes in Mango Fruit During Ripening at Different Storage TemperaturesC. VAZQUEZ-SALINAS; S. LAKSHMINARAYANA


Similarly, six cultivars (‘Kaew’, ‘Rad’, ‘Okrong’, ‘Tongdum’, ‘Nam Dok Mai’ and ‘Nungklangwun’) were stored at 4, 8 and 12 °C (85–90% RH) and randomly sampled every 5 days.

• storage life was limited by skin discoloration.

• seed tissue of most cultivars became brittle during storage at 4 and 8 °C

• ‘Rad’ fruit could be stored at 12 °C for 15 days and ‘Okrong’ fruit for as long as 25 days.

SOURCE: Variation in fruit chilling injury among mango cultivarsWandee P., Saichol Ketsa

19

In an other experiment on Langra and the Khirshapat in Bavistin DF (BDF) solution (namely, 250, 500, and 750 ppm)

• Langra enriched a greater quantity of titratable acidity and TSS at 3rd day, over the Khirshapat.

• Khirshapat showed increased pulp pH and TSS at all the storage duration.

SOURCE: Changes in Acidity, TSS, and Sugar Content atDifferent Storage Periods of the Postharvest Mango Influenced by Bavistin DF

Md. Khairul Islam, M. Z. H. Khan, M. A. R. Sarkar, Nurul Absar


20

Alphonso is the best variety for long term storage, as due to minimal fiber content., and also for canning:

Banglora has also exceptional keeping quality .Storage recommendations for some varieties are as follows:

Alphonso

5.6–7.2°C and 85–90% r.h. (Mathur et al. 1953)

8–10°C and 85–90% r.h. for up to 4 weeks (Anon 1967).

7–9°C and 90% r.h. for 7 weeks (Snowdon 1990).

Neelum


5.5–9°C and 90% r.h. for 5–6 weeks (Snowdon1990).

Raspuri


7–9°C and 85–90% r.h. for 4–7 weeks (Anon 1967)


Calcium Chloride(6%) had proved quite effective in enhancing the shelf life of Dushehari mango fruits up to 12 days at room temperature.

21

Ci t rus f ru i ts


Tahiti(persian) limes can be stored at 9-10ºC, 85-90% R.H. for 6-8 weeks.

Orange variety picked early in the season are most susceptible with shorter storage life

For juice extraction Malta Blood Red , Mosambi, Washington novel, Nagpur santara are generally used.

22

Grapes


In an experiment on cultivars of muscadine grape cultivars viz.,Fry, Summit & Granny Val…. At 0ºC for 6 weeks….

• ∆m % = Granny Val > Fry > Summit.

• Cultivar Granny Val was most noticeable wrinkled as early as 2 weeks.SOURCE: Shelf life study of muscadine grapes for fresh fruit market.J. James, G.Dixon


no chilling or low temperature breakdown occurs in the grape cultivar of "Anab-E-Shahi" stored at 3° and 8°C for 45 days.

Use of SO2 packets generally increases the shelf life.Flame Seedless harvested at optimum maturity can

be stored for 40-45 days at 0-2ºC at 90-95% RH in corrugated fiber box.

For storage ones, grapes should not be picked immediately after rains.

24

Banana


Change in respective content of :

Sabri cultivar Amritsagor cultivar

Titrable acidity Less More

Vitamin C Less More

Reducing sugar Less More

Non-reducing sugar More less

In an experiment for two cultivars of banana viz., Sabri and Amritsagor in polyethylene bags with ventilation and stored at cold storage (20 ± 20C) till rejectable stage…..

FLOWERS

26

KEY POINTS REGARDING CULTIVARS FOR BETTER STORAGE• Quality• Stem length• Fragrance• Freshness• Color• Foliage injury, etc.


27

C h r y s a n t h e m u m

For transport, before dispatching, rooted plants are given less H2O than the required for a few days.

Among cultivars, viz., Pot Score , Fine Time, Red Boon Time

vase life of Red Boon Time was improved at higher fertility levels of fertilizers.

At lower density planting, (12 plants/m2 single stem/plant), cultivars like Chandrama, Corsa have max. vase life (of 40-43 days).


28

G lad i o l u sIn an experiment on cultivars, viz., White prosperity,

American Beauty, Nova Lux, Hybrid 1 in a floral preservatives with sugar solution…..


PARAMETERS Hybrid 1 White Prosperity

Nova Lux American Beauty

Initial wt.(g) 84 70 128 58

Solution 2nd day uptake(ml) 7th day

30 20 50 25

85 50 - 70

No. of open 2nd day florets 7th day

2 3 2 1

12 8 8 5

Final wt. 92 82 170 65

29

Cultivars Vase life(days)

American Beauty 8.32

Melody China 8.22

Han van Meegreen 8.44

Melody 8.53

Tropic Sea 8.54

Summer Pearl 7.74

Sylvia 7.82

April 30, 2014EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE

Vase life of gladiolus hybrids in water :

SOURCE : Evaluation of gladiolus hybrids for yield and quality Cut flower productionArchana b. Bhajantri

30

Gerbera

Three varieties Primrose, Malibu and Sunway to find out the effect of growing seasons (autumn, winter and spring) in controlled room with 18±2°C , 68±2% RH and 100 lux light. • vase life: Sunway > Primrose > Malibu.

• Sunway vase life (18.37 days) in winter, spring (14.8 days) and autumn (9.57 days).• the shorter vase lives (5.7 and 7.8 days) were in Malibu and Primrose respectively harvested in autumn.


31

……

• Stalk length (57.88 cm) and floral diameter (10.78 cm) were highest in autumn while diameter of the stalk (0.64 cm) was the highest in spring.

• Sunway had the highest floral and stalk diameters, while the stalk length was longer in Malibu and Primrose.


32

An experiment with different conc. of sucrose (3% and 4%), AgNO3(20 ppm and 40 ppm), Al2(SO4)3 (200 ppm and 400ppm) and 8- Hydroxy quinoline citrate (200ppm and 400 ppm) in combination and one control.

• treatment T4 (Sucrose 4% + AgNO 3 400 ppm) and T8 (Sucrose 4% + 8-HQC 400ppm) gave better results and T8 (Sucrose 4% + 8-HQC 400 ppm) had least cost of maintenance. Therefore T4 and T8 may be recommended as commercial use for enhancing the vase life and quality of cut Gerbera cv. Maron Dementine. April 30, 2014 EFFECT OF CULTIVARS IN STORAGE LIFE OF FRUITS & FLOWERS PRODUCE

SOURCE : Effect of biocides and sucrose on vase life and quality of cut gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) cv. Maron DementinePrathamesh Vaidya , John P. Collis

Footer text here33

SUM UP…

• Varieties or cultivars response differently on different preservation medium

• They also response differently at different temperature and RH.

• Cultivars of mango are generally stored at temp 10ºC, however Alphonso and Banglora also showed good storage results at 6-7ºC.

• Oil cultivars that are chilling-sensitive should not be stored at chilling temperatures .

• In cut flower, like Chrysanthemum, for distant transportation, irrigation should be stopped a few days prior to plucking.

July 22, 2012


Thank you…!!

effect of cultivars on storage life of fruits and flowers

Business