effect light in cow bean & arabidopsis

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Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development

[Type the document subtitle]

Lab3

28-3-2012


Introduction:

Thousands of plants which occur in different ecosystem they all share the same requirements in order to survive, grow. These referred to as abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are essentially non-living components that affect the living organisms .There are six abiotic factors that affect plant growth: air, water, space, temperature, light and soil (nutrients). These are the basic favorable environmental conditions, its allow them to successfully live and reproduce.Light

Light energy is the primary source of energy in nearly all ecosystems. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. Visible light is of the greatest importance to plants because it is necessary for photosynthesis this process is directly dependent on the supply of water, light, and carbon dioxide.From the air with the sun’s energy to create photosynthesis. Oxygen is releases as a byproduct.

Photosynthesis ooccurs only in the chloroplasts, tiny sub-cellular structures contained in the cells of leaves and green stems.is responsible for making the leaves and stem green. Limiting any one of the factors can limit photosynthesis regardless of the availability of the other factor it will reduction in photosynthesis and thus a decrease in plant vigor and growth or without the process of photosynthesis, plant stops growing.

There are Factors such as quality of light; intensity of light and the length of the light period (day length) play an important part in an ecosystem. Increased hours of lighting allow the plant to make sufficient food to grow. However, plants require some period of darkness to develop properly and thus should be haves certain hours. Excessive light is as harmful as too little or no light. When a plant gets too much direct light, the leaves become pale, sometimes, turn brown, and die.

Page 1


MATERIALS

6

Potting soil gloves cow bean labels

Beaker marker ruler growth chamber

Procedure: Fill the pots with soil and chose type of seed (broad bean/cow bean/sun flower)

for each students. Plant the 5 seeds in each 3 pots deep them 1 cm inside and cover them with soil. Place pots inside growth chamber to provide keep the soil moist by watering it

every day (be careful not to use too much water). Observations seeds germinate and seedlings.

Abiotic factor:Procedure:

Choose an abiotic factor to test on the growth of plants. Determine a way to vary the factor you have chosen. Be sure to include at least three different settings of variable and to keep other

factors constant. Have one plant be a "control" to compare. Obtain 3 pots after seeds have been gown. Label one cup "C=Control" and the

remaining two "A," "B". List the abiotic factor that is different in each cup (light/dark/control) –

(water/water definite)-(temperature/low temperature).Remember what each cup contains.

Each day make an observation of your plants. Mention whether the height of plant (in cm), branch, color, and number of leaves present.

Be sure to keep plants watered with exact amount if needed.

List the Difference in each Cup:A: Abiotic Factor (light/water/temperature) B: limited abiotic factor C: Control Observations: Write the Date in each Box labeled “Day”.

Page 2


Light EXPERIMENT:

Materials

3 identical plants (bought from grown cow bean seeds) it is fine if they have just emerged from the soil.

measuring cup or water squirt bottle water dark room or box with a lid ruler

Method

Label the 3 plants. The labels will read, A=full Light=Dark (No Light), Control .Water all plants every day or second day with the same amount of water.

Place the No Light plant in a dark room or closed large box. Keep the Full Light plant in growth chamber for the whole length of the

experiment. Write about any changes in the plants, take pictures. Carefully, measure the height

of the plant and describe the number of leaves. Keep the No Light plant in the dark while watering, measuring and

photographing.

Independent Variable: This is the item or thing that is changed by the person doing the test( light)

Dependent Variable: This is the “thing” item or outcome that the person is measuring or observing. Dependent variables are changes that occur due to the independent variable being introduced into the experiment. Plant height, leaves number, branch number.

Control Variables: A controlled variable is all other things that are kept constant so that they do not have an affect or influence on the dependent variable. Same type plants, fertilizer, soil, water, potting soil,

Page 3


LIGHT Result:

(A) plant that expose to more light, quick changes in their development occurs in their leaves which there color become slightly green and stems are elongate, then the (C) control & (B).(B) Plants in dark are the lowest development compare to (A) & (C), few leaves are slightly wilted

(C) Control plants are developing normally that mean leaves & stems have been changes in color and length but not clear.

(A) There's no changes in Leaves number, stem branch and only increase on length, then the (C) control & (B).(B) Plants in dark, are the still rate of their development compare to (A) & (C)slow ,but there stem length, branch and

leaves number are increase but not too much only in 1 plant(C) Control plants are developing at normal rate that leave number, stem branch & length increase more than (B) but less

(A).

1-4-2012

29-3-2012

Page 4


(A)stem branch are the same but it lenght increase but regular and 1 leaf are fall and same time become more yellloiwsh but so slightly but less than plant in darke but more than (C).

) B ( few leaf and branch were fall dowan

and the same time lenght of other stem contiue to increase

notes that leaf and stem become yellowish green and the same time thiers a hole in

leaves.

)C ( new plant are produced,so the more leaf number and stem

branch and lenghtincrease here.

3-4-2012

Page 5


(A) still slightly color change on leaves but here the stem color start to change in color to slightly yellow too,at the same time some leaves have been fall and grow new.

(B) the leaf and stem become more

yellowish.leaves hanve been twested and stem start to laying.the new

leaves form.

)C( theres other new plant grow and leaves countinue to change in color but in less than

(A)

5-4-2012

Page 6


(A) srem and leaves continue to grow and becmoe more yellowish green. there new branch and leaves grow while the light increase and the days

(B)most stem &leaves are dead,fall dawn only 3 leaves however they

welts .

(C)leaves, stems continue to grow and new leaves& stem are

produces.

(A) & leaves,stem branch are countinue

increase and change in lighter

color. but note the leaves start to

fold.

(B) all plant aredead

its countinue to grow

leaves,ste,branch.an d the leaves are still

healty.

8-4-2012

10-4-2012

Page 7


thur 29/3 sun 1/4 tue 3/4 thur 5/4 sun 8/4 tue 10/4

light 9 9 10 10 11 12

dark 5 6 5 6 3 NaN

control 2 3 4 5 6 6

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

9 910 10

1112

56

56

3

23

45

6 6

Total branch of Abiotic factor light

tota

l bra

nch


light 0.35 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.38 0.39

dark 0.42 0.4 0.31 0.34 0.2 NaN

control 0.27 0.32 0.32 0.26 0.3 0.31

0.350.31 0.32 0.32

0.38 0.390.42 0.4

0.310.34

0.2

0.270.32 0.32

0.260.3 0.31

Total Average of Abiotic factor : lightlight dark control

Page 8



Light 68.3 75.4 77.6 79.2 81 81.7

Dark 30.5 39.3 41.5 43.7 25 0

Control 22.2 24.5 30.5 44.8 49.3 50.7

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

68.375.4 77.6 79.2 81 81.7

30.539.3 41.5 43.7

25

022.2 24.5

30.544.8

49.3 50.7

Total of stem lenght Abiotic Factor Lightst

em le

nght


Light 24 24 25 26 31 32

Dark 13 16 13 15 5 NaN

Cotrol 6 8 10 12 15 16

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

22.5

27.5

32.5

24 24 25 26

31 32

1316

1315

5

68

1012

15 16

Total of Leaves Abiotic Factor Light

tota

l og

leav

es

Page 9


Result:LIGHT Result:

Light

Dark

Control

(A) Plant that expose to more light, still in develop and grow stages. (B) Plants in dark leaves, start to welt and have turn to yellow

(C) Control plants are developing normally leaves & stems have are healthy and in good condition.

8-4-2012

Page 10


Light

Dark

Control

Light

In light and in control leaves start to increase but plant leaves that receive more light are more than controls. In dark, plants are dead

10-4-2012

Page 11


Dark

Control

15-4-2012

In light, leaves increase in number and slight change in leaf color from green to slight green In control, leaves increase and much bigger than light leaves and look so healthy.Stem, in both plant in expose much of light and control are start to grow but plant in light are stem length much longer.In Dark, plant are dead nothing appears.

Page 12


(A) still slightly color change on leaves but here the stem color start to change in color to slightly yellow too,at the same time some leaves have been fall and grow new.

(B) the leaf and stem become more

yellowish.leaves hanve been twested and stem start to laying.the new

leaves form.

)C( theres other new plant grow and leaves countinue to change in color but in less than

(A)

17-4-2012

Page 13


(A) srem and leaves continue to grow and becmoe more yellowish green. there new branch and leaves grow while the light increase and the days

(B)most stem &leaves are dead,fall dawn only 3 leaves however they

welts .

(C)leaves, stems continue to grow and new leaves& stem are

produces.

(A) & leaves,stem branch are countinue

increase and change in lighter

color. but note the leaves start to

fold.

(B) all plant aredead

its countinue to grow

leaves,ste,branch.an d the leaves are still

healty.

22-4-2012

24-4-2012

Page 14


Arabidopsis

A= Abiotic factorB= ControlC= length of stemD= number of branch

A= Light B= ControlDate/Day #NO. Leaves C D Average NO. leaves C D Average8-4-2012 1 6 - 1 8 -

2 7 - 2 8 -3 6 - 3 9 -4 9 - 4 9 -5 10 - 5 8 -

Total 38 4210-4-2012 1 6 - 1 10 -

2 9 - 2 10 -3 10 - 3 11 -4 22 - 4 11 -5 11 - 5 9 -

Total 58 5115-4-2012 1 8 - 1 10 -

2 13 - 2 14 -3 18 - 3 25 2 14 15 - 4 16 -5 18 1.4 1 5 15 -

Total 72 1.4 1 51.4 80 2 1 4017-4-2012 1 10 - 1 16 -

2 14 - 2 16 -3 19 - 3 29 5.5 54 16 - 1 4 16 -5 23 4.9 4 5 21 -

Total 82 4.9 5 16.7 101 5.5 5 18.319-4-2012 1 11 - 1 21 1.1 1

2 14 1.9 1 2 21 1.5 13 19 - - 3 32 10.5 114 19 2.5 1 4 23 - 15 28 9.5 6 5 23 - -

Total 91 13.9 8 6.5 120 13.1 14 9.1

Page 15


Day/Date B A=Light C D Average B A=Control C D Average22-4-2012 1 12 - 1 22 7.4 5

2 16 3.4 2 2 22 7.8 53 20 - 3 36 16.5 14

4 19 8.7 5 4 25 5.5 45 32 16.2 10 5 24 2.1 1

Total 99 28.3 17 3.4 129 39.3 29 3.224-4-2012 1 13 - 1 30 14.2 8

2 17 7.9 4 2 25 13.8 123 21 0.9 3 38 21.7 154 21 13.8 7 4 26 14.3 55 35 1=21.6

2=3.5121

5 26 7 4

Total 107 47.7 24 2.2 145 71 44 2.04

Page 16


4/15/2012

4/17/2012

4/19/2012

4/22/2012

4/24/2012

light 51.4 16.7 6.5 3.4 2.2

control 40 18.3 9.1 3.2 2

5

15

25

35

45

55 51.4

16.7

6.53.4 2.2

40

18.3

9.13.2 2

Total Average of lightDa

ys

4/15/2012

4/17/2012

4/19/2012

4/22/2012

4/24/2012

light 1 5 8 17 24

control 1 5 14 29 44

2.57.5

12.517.522.527.532.537.542.547.5

15

8

17

24

15

14

29

44

Total branch

days

Page 17


4/15/2012

4/17/2012

4/19/2012

4/22/2012

4/24/2012

light 1.4 4.9 13.9 28.3 47.7

control 2 5.5 13.1 39.3 71

515253545556575

1.4 4.913.9

28.3

47.7

2 5.5 13.1

39.3

71

Tota of stem lenght

Days

4/8/2012

4/10/2012

4/15/2012

4/17/2012

4/19/2012

4/22/2012

4/24/2012

light 38 58 72 82 91 99 107

control 42 51 80 101 120 129 145

1030507090

110130150

3858 72

82 91 99 107

42 51

80101

120 129145

Total leaves

Summary results:

Page 18


Control

Notes Even though the plants growing in the control place are not as tall as other plants grow, the control looks the healthiest with nice full growth (regular ways) and dark green leaves and stem.Light Plants that receive a large amount of light they really grow and develop in faster rate. However plant that expose to light they are the first how loss there leaves maybe to adapt their self but after that they continue grow.

Characteristic Getting leaves become bigger, stem become Taller than others and

there color change from green to slightly green to yellowish green each day.

DarkNotes at begin it's continue grow, length of not receiving light in many days in certain point leaves start change their color to dry out and losing its organs.However that ware in dark each day leaves, stem. Branch number is reduced

until fall down.

Characteristic Stem and leaves start to grow, change in color to yellow fast than

control and unstable growth of leaves and branch by try to survive. In certain point, in leaves occur scar or holes and number branch

reduced. One's leaves, stem dry out, plant lose their organs and die

Page 19


DISCUSSION:

The photosynthetic process occurs most readily when the light to makes food for itself to grow. In leaves, Chlorophyll that contains chloroplasts to absorb light. Without light, plant growing in the dark uses their food reserves. Once the reserves have been used the plant will die. Also the stem of the plant rapidly elongates to increase the probability of the plant finding light by using its food reserves, so when plant does not find light has used these reserves, it will die.

Leaf ColorThe color plant's leaves are closely related to how much light it gets. Generally, plants that require a great deal of sunlight tend to have leaves that are rich and dark in color, while the leaves of plants grown in dark and too much light conditions are often lighter yellowish green.

Stem Length and BranchThe amount of light a plant receives has a large impact on the length of its stems. Plants that receive a great deal of light tend to be spindly and long in length, while those grown in low-light or no light conditions are usually shorter. However, dark they become less branch because there no light to get there energy that process photosynthesis and develop new tissue to build up organs.

Comment:The temperature of growth chamber were too height 26c.Plant cover dark box must put in in dark room. Plant in dark, in and out of growth chamber cause them to stress that will affect there growth.

Page 20

effect light in cow bean & arabidopsis

Education

light plant

growth of plants

plant growth

thousands of plants

direct light

excessive light

visible light

plant height