Educational ResearchEducational ResearchCECS 5610CECS 5610

Dr. Gerald KnezekUniversity of North Texas

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Educational ResearchEducational Research

Definition: Educational Research is a systematic investigation, involving the collection of information(data), to solve an educational problem or contribute to our knowledge about an educational theory or practice.

Methods: • Qualitative• Quantitative

Research MethodsResearch Methods 1. Qualitative Research

• the emphasis is on conducting studies in natural settings using mostly verbal descriptions, resulting in stories and case studies rather than statistical reports.

Types of Qualitative Research• Observational• Ethnographic• Checklist

Research MethodsResearch Methods 2. Quantitative Research

• involves the use of numerical indices to summarize, describe, and explore relationships among traits.

Types of Quantitative Research

• Survey Research

• Pseudo-Experimental

• Experimental

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy1. Knowledge:

Category- of Specifics (terminology, facts)

- Of Ways and Means of Dealing with Specifics (conventions, classifications, criteria, methodology)

- Of Universals and Abstractions (principles, generalization, theories)

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's TaxonomyKnowledge:

General Description

- Recall of specifics and universals, methods, and processes, pattern, structure of setting, knowledge objectives emphasize most the psychological processes of remembering.

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's TaxonomyKnowledge:

Illustrative Items

- About what proportion of the population of Canada is living in cities?

1. 10% 2. 20% 3. 40% 4. 50% 5. 60%

The volume of a given mass of gas varies directly as the ____ and inversely as the __.

1. Pressure and temperature

2. Temperature and pressure

3. Atomic weight and pressure

4. Temperature and atomic weight

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy2. Comprehension

Category

- Translation

- Interpretation

- Extrapolation

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy

Comprehension (contd…)

General DescriptionLowest level of understanding of what is communicated. Can use idea being communicated without necessarily being able to relate it to other ideas or see all its implications.

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy

Comprehension (contd…)

Illustrative ItemsFour less than three times a certain number equals eight. In algebra this may be expressed as:

1. 4-3x=8 2. 4x-3=8

3. 3x-4=8 4. 4+3x=8

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy3. Application

General Description

The use of abstraction in particular and concrete situations.

Illustrative Items

Two basic laws governing an electrical circuit are: Voltage=(Current)X(Resistance)

Power=(Voltage)X(Current)

If an electric iron develops greater resistance, its power will:

1. Increase 2. Remain the same 3. decrease

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy4. Analysis

Categoryof Elements, of Relationships, of Organizational PrinciplesGeneral DescriptionBreakdown of a communication into its constituent parts, such that relative hierarchy of ideas is made clearer and /or the relations between the ideas expressed is made clear.

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's TaxonomyAnalysis (contd…)

Illustrative Items

The given figure represents a hoop of 28” diameter. If the hoop is rolling without slipping in the indicated direction, how many inches has point A moved horizontally when the hoop has finished half a turn?

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy5. SynthesisCategory

Production of a unique communication, Production of a plan, and Derivation of a set of abstract relations

General DescriptionPutting together of parts to form a whole; analyzing and combining pieces in such a way as to constitute a pattern or structure not clearly there before

Bloom's TaxonomyBloom's Taxonomy6. Evaluation

Category

- Judgements in terms of internal criteria

- Judgments in terms of external evidence

General Description

- Making judgments about the value of material and methods for given purposes. Judging extent to which material and methods satisfy given criteria.

Desirable Test AttributesDesirable Test Attributes Reliability (consistency)

• Internal – Goal >= .90– Odd-Even (Spearman-Brown Prophecy

Formula)– Kuder-Richardson

• Test -Retest• Equivalent Forms• Relationship to Standard Error of

Measurement

Desirable Test AttributesDesirable Test Attributes

Validity ( Relevance)• Objectivity, Balance, Fairness• Criterion Validity

– Predictive– Concurrent

• Curricular Validity• Construct Validity• Content Validity

Desirable Test AttributesDesirable Test Attributes Practicality

• Time Constraints

– Construction

– Administration

– Scoring

• Testing Environment

Test & Item AnalysisTest & Item Analysis Performance of Items

– Test Reliability

– Validity

– Item Difficulties

– Item Discriminations

• (top 27% - bottom 27%)

Test & Test AnalysisTest & Test Analysis Performance of Class

–Mean & Standard Deviation

– Median

– Range Performance of Student

– Total Score

– Standard Error of Measurement

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