economics 450-550 - colorado.edu 450-001 sp 84.… · economics 450-550 the economic ... and at the...

ECONOMICS 450-550 The Economic History of Developing Areas

Spring semester 1983 Economics Building , Room 13

Monday , Wednesday, Friday 12:00-12:50 p.m . John P. Powelson, Professor

University of Colorado

This is an experimental course , being offered for the first time. I am gathering information for a series of four volumes to be entitled A History of Economic Development . The students and I will be seeking knowledge and insights together, trying to probe the question: Why has economic development occurred earlier in some areas than in others? Specifically, why has it not occurred in the Third World (As ia, Africa , and Latin America) at the same time and at the same pace as it did in Europe and Japan? The probing will take us back· to the beginning of recorded economic history. We start with the ancient world: Mesopotamia, the Mediterranean, and China. From there, we ask why the Middle East - so promising at the time of the Roman Empire - fell behind Europe; also, why China - so promising in the T'ang dynasty (618-906 AD) -fell behind Japan? Keeping in mind whatever principles we come up with, we will ask the same questions for South and Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America in their histories, right up to today.

Participants in this course will be thought of more as research assistants than as students. You will be asked to gain knowledge that I may not have and to communicate it to the class and to me. It is hoped that students will sign up for this course because they find excitement in working with a professor in this manner. On the other hand , students who expect the material to be presented in finished form in lectures would probably do better to take a different course. Expect the reading load to be heavy.

Economic history cannot be understood unless general history is known. Students will therefore be asked to read world history, by regions, in encyclopedia articles. Unlike Europe and America, there are no books (that I know of) on the economic history of the Third World (as opposed to general history), though there are a number of books on specific countries . I will therefore present that economic history in lectures, from materials that I have gathered over a number of years .

Students may obtain their general knowledge of history by preparing your own reading list of history books , if you wish . Alternatively (and this is recommended) , you may buy Xerox copies of articles in the Encyclopedia Britannica, coming to about 522 Britannica pages, which, being large pages, may be the equivalent of an 800-page book on a history of Asia , Africa, and Latin America . These are available at Kinko's Xeroxing on the corner of College and 13th Street. The Encyclopedia Br i tannica has given us permission to reproduce these articles, but only for this course. If you prepare your own history reading list, it should be at least equivalent to the Encyclopedia Britannica articles.

Economics 450-550 Spring semester 1983

2

In addition, a draft copy of my first volume on the History of Economic Development (about one-third completed), plus a chapter on development principles and theory, to be included in volume 2, is also available in Kinko's. Any student whose comments influence the writing of these volumes will be cited in the acknowledgments in the preface . Except for these readings, students will prepare your own reading lists, as indicated below.

Each student is asked to select an area and an era (e.g., China of the Ming dynasty; Latin America at the time of the Spanish conquest) for special attention. Prepare your own reading list and a list of five essay questions for the hour examination and ten essay questions for the·final examination. These examinations will cover (1) the basic materials of history and the topics taken up in lectures; and (2) a number of questions of the student's own choosing. Thus half of each exam will be individual, tailored to your interests. I will review your questions and edit them to be sure they are of an appropriate standard and that they cover the entire area/era. Then I will select among them the essay or essays you will be asked to write on the examinations. You will not see the edited questions until they appear on the examination; therefore, if you wish to control your own destiny, write the best questions you can, so that editing will be minimal. Alternatively, you may wish to write a paper on your area/era. This is optional, but if you do so, your final examination will be reduced from three to two hours, and it will contain fewer questions on your area/era (but there will be some) . The mix between general questions and area/era questions will not be announced in advance, but there will be choices on the examinations .

As the class discussion proceeds, when your era and area are reached, you may be called upon as consultant, being the expert of the class. While you will not have to make a presentation before the class, you may be asked questions on which the students or professor need further information or insight, and if you have not come across the answers, it may be suggested that you do further research on them . On the other hand, it would not be surprising for you to be more informed than I am on your particular area/era.

The following is a time budget for the course. I stress 11 budget 11 (rather than "contract") because the course will be flexible; we may decide to devote more or less time to particular topics or eras. Each student will be expected to be familiar (from encyclopedia or other readings) with the general history of every area/era by the time it is reached in the course.

The hour examination will be given on Wednesday, March 16, at the regular course hour (12 to 1) and the final examination on Thursday, May 17, from 11:30 a.m. until 2:30 p.m, or from 11:30 until 1:30 if you have written a paper.


Topic Time Budget

Mesopotamia, Iran, and the Indus Valley, 4th millenium to 5th century BC

Classical Rome, Greece, and Egypt Ancient China (Shang to T'ang) The early American Indians The Middle East and North Africa,

7th-19th centuries China, 7th-19th centuries I

Japan, 5th-19th centuries Review session for exam Hour exam Taking stock of the course South and Southeast Asia Some comparisons with Europe Latin America to the 19th century Africa to the 19th century The twentieth century

R1eading List

Period

Jan. 19-24 Jan. 26-28 Jan. 31-Feb. 2 Feb. 4

Feb. 7-16 Feb. 18-25 Feb. 28-March 11 · March 14 March 16 March 18 March 28-Apri 1 1 April 4-8 April 11-18 April 20-29 May 2-9

3

The reading list in the following pages is suggestive only, to help you choose for your area/era. Where possible, these books have been placed on one-day reserve in Norlin Library, so check there first. Since I was not sure which books would actually be used, I did not consider it fair to call them all in or to ask for missing books to be purchased. If you wish a book that is out, I will ask to have it called back for reserve. If Norlin does not own the book you need, you ask for it from Inter-Library Loan. Because it takes time either to call back a book or to get it through Inter-Library Loan, I suggest you choose your area/era at once, and prepare your reading lists early.

You may supplement the present list of suggestions by consulting the reference librarian in Norlin, who will guide you in bibliography preparation. If you have not had experience in preparing a bibliography, this is your chance; the reference librarian will tell you how to look up topics in the various topical catalogues of books and articles .


READING SUGGESTIONS

Adams, Robert M., 1960:

4

"Early Civilizations, Subsistence, and Environment," from Kraeling, Carl H. and Adams, Robert, ed., City Invincible 269-95, Chicago, University of Chicago . Reprinted in Streuver Stuart, ed., Prehistoric Agriculture, American Museum Sourcebooks in Anthropology published for American Museum of Natural History, Natural History Press, Garden City, N. Y.

Beattie, Hilary J., 1979: Land and Lineage in China, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Biebuyck, Daniel, ed., 1960: African Agrarian Systems, Oxford, Oxford University Press, for the International African Institute.

Blum, Jerome, 1961: Lord and Peasant in Russia: From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Blum, Jerome, 1978: The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe, Princeton, Princeton

·university Press.

Bodde, Derk, 1956: "Feudalism in China," in Coulborn 1956.

Boserup, Ester, 1965 : The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure, Chicago, Aldine Publishing Company.

Braudel, Fernand, 1967: Capitalism and Material Life, 1400-1800, first published by Librairie Armand Colin under the title, Civilization Materielle et Capitalisme; English translation by Harper Colophon Books, New York, Harper and Row.

Brundage, Burr C., 1956: "Feudalism in Ancient Mesopotamia and Iran," in Coulborn 1956.

Chadwick, John, 1976: The Mycenaean World, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Chou, Chin-seng, 1974: An Economjc History of China, Bellingham, Washington, Western Washington State College, Program in East Asian Studies, occasional paper no. 7.

Choy, Bong Youn, 1971: Korea: A History, Tokyo, Charles E. Tuttle Co.


Chu, Tunjg-tsu, 1973 : Han Social Structure, ed. Jack L. Dull, Seattle, University of Washington Press

Cohen, John M. and Weintraub , Dov, 1975 :

5

Land and Peasants in Imperial Ethiopia, Assen, Netherlands, Van Gorcum & Co.

Coulborn, Rushton , ed . , 1956: Feudalism in History, Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1956 .

Craig, Daniel, 1978: 11 The Impact of Land Reform on an Iranian Vil lage, 11 in The Middle East Journal, vol . 32, no . 2, spring .

Davis, David L., 1974: 11 Ikki in Late Medieval Japan, 11 in Hall and Mass .

Davis, Lance E. , and North, Douglass, 1971: Institutional Change and American Economic Growth, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Davison, Roderic S., 1963: Reform in the Ottoman Empire : 1856-1876, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.

Diakonoff, I .M., 1974: "Structure of Society and State in Early Dynastic Sumer, 11 English resume of a book by same title (Moscow, 1959).Michael Desroches, ed., Monographs of the Ancient Near East, Los Angeles, Undena Publications.

Dukes, E., 1977: "Catherine II's Enlightened Absolutism and the Problem of Serfdom, 11 in Butler (1977).

Dutt, Romesh Chunder, 1893: A Histor of Civilization in Ancient India, London, Kegan Paul, renc ,

Duus, Peter, 1965: Feudalism in Japan, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Studies in World Civilization.

Duus, Peter, 1976: The Rise of Modern Japan, Boston, Houghton Mifflin and Co.

Eberhard, Wolfram, 1977: A History of China, fourth edition, Berkeley, University of California Press .


Eberhard, Wolfram, 1962: Social Mobility in Traditional China, Leiden, E.J. Brill.

Edgerton, William F., 1956:

6

"The Question of Feudal Institutions in Ancient Egypt," in Coulborn 1956.

Ellis, Maria deJ., 1976 : Agriculture and the State in Ancient Mesopotamia: An Introduction to the Problems of Land Tenure , Occasional Papers of the Babylonian Fund.

Encyclopedia Britannica, editors of, 1978: The Arabs : People and Power, New York, Bantam Books.

Fei, Hsiao-tung, 1939: Peasant Life in China, London, Routledge and Kegqn Paul .

Finley, N.I., 1973: The Ancient Economy, London , Chatto and Windus:

Flannery, Kent V., ed., 1976 : The Early Mesoamerican Village, New York, Academic Press. Lamont

Frykenberg, Robert E. , ed. 1969: Land Control and Social Structure in Indian Histor Madison, 1scons1n, Un1vers1ty o W1scons1n Press

Gernet, Jacques, 1968: China from the Beginnings to the Empire, Berkeley, University of California Press

Gibson, Charles, 1964: The Aztecs under S anish Rule: A Histor of the Indians of the Valle o Mexico, Stan ord, Stanford Univer sity Press

Goodell, Grace, 1980: "From Status to Contract: the significance of agrarian relations of production in the West, Japan, and in 1 Asiatic 1 Persia," Archives Europeenes de Sociologie, also called European Journal of Sociology, vol. XXI, no. 2, December.

Goodrich, L. Carrington, 1959: A Short History of the Chinese People, Third Edition, New York, Harper and Row.

Granott, A., 1952: The Land System in Palestine: History and Structure, London, Eyre and Spottiswoode

I : I • . I •

I I . I

J .

' .

.

' .

• !


Grant , Michael, 1978: A Hi story of Rome ;· New York , Ser i bners .

Grigg, 0.8., 1974:

7

The Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary Approach, Cambr1dge, Cambridge University Press .

Haeger, John Winthrop, ed., 1975: Crisis and Prosperity in Sung China, Tucson , University of Arizona Press .

Hall, John Whitney, 1966: Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700: A Study Based on Bizen Province, Princeton , Princeton University Press .

Hall , John Whitney, 1961: Ja anese Histor : New Dimensions of A

ssoc1a 1on,

Hall , John W. and Mass, Jeffrey P., eds . , 1974: Medieval Japan: Essays in Institutional History, New Haven , Yale University Press.

Hamilton, Earl J . , 1954: "The Decline of Spain ," in Carrus-Wilson, E.M. , Essays in Economi c History, vol . 1, London, Edward Arnold 'Ltd .

Hilton , Rodney H., 1973: Bond Men Made Free, London, Temple Smith. Widener H7039 . 73B.

Hilton, Rodney H., 1965: "Freedom and Villeinage in England," in Past and Present, no . 31, July •

Hilton, Rodney H. , 1962:

for

"Peasant Movements in England befor e 1381, 11 i n Carrus-Wilson , E.M., Essays in Economic History, vol . 2, London, Edward Arnold, Ltd.

Hobsbawm, Eric J., 1974: "Peasant Land Occupations," in Past and Present, no. 62, Febr uary.

Holt, Claire, ed. , 1972 : Culture and Politics in Indonesia, Ithaca, Cornell Un iversity Press .

Holt, J.C . , 1972 : "Politics and Proper ty in Early Medieval England," in Past and Present, no . 57, November.

Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S. ; and Lewis, Bernard, eds. 1970: The Cambridge History of Islam, vols. 1 and 2, Cambridge , Cambr i dge University Press .


Hopper, R. J., 1976: The Early Greeks, New York , Harper and Row.

Hull, Richard W., 1976:

8

African Cities and Towns before the European Conquest, New York, W.W. Norton.

Hutchinson, Sir Joseph et al., 1977 : The Early History of Agriculture: A Joint Symposium of the Royal Society and the British Academy, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Issawi, Charles, ed., 1971: The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Issawi, Charles, ed., 1966: The Economic History of the Middle East, 1800-1914, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

James, R. W., 1971: Land Tenure and Policy in Tanzania, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, and Kampala, East African Literature Bureau.

James, T. G.H., 1979: An Introduction to Ancient Egypt London, British Museum Publications, for the Trustees of the British Museum.

Jones, A.H.M. , 1952: "The Economic Basis of the Athenian Democracy," in Past and Present, no . 1, February .

Jones, A. H.M., 1974 : The Roman Economy: Studies in Ancient Economic and Administrative History, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

Kantorowicz, Ernst H., 1956: "Feudalism in the Byzantine Empire," in Coulborn 1956.

Kiley, Cornelius J ., 1974 : "Estate and Property in the Late Heian Period," in Hall and Mass.

Koh, Hesung Chun, 1959: Religion, Social Structure, and Economic Development ,in Yi Dynasty, Korea, Boston University doctoral dissertation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms.

Kracke, E.A. , Jr., 1955: "Sung Society: Change within Tradition," Far Eastern Quarterly, vol. 14 (1954-55):478-488.

Laiso-Thomadakis, Angeliki E., 1977: Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Empire, Princeton, Princeton University Press.


(

Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., 1973: "The Legacy of Sumer," Bibliotheca Mesopotamia, vol . 4, invited

9

lectures on the Middle East at the University of Texas at Austin, ed. by Denise Schmandt-Besserat .

Lambton, Ann K. S., 1953 : Landlord and Peasant in Persia: A Study of Land Tenure and Land Revenue Administration, London, Oxford University Press .

Laroui, Abdullah, 1977 : History of the Maghrib, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Lerner, Daniel , 1963: The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernization in the Middle East, New York, Free Press (Macmillan) .

Lipton, Michael, 1977: Why Poor People Stay Poor , Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

Liu, James T.C ., 1959: Reform in Sung China, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

Mackay, Ernest , 1948: Early Indus Civilizations, second edition revised and enlarged by Dorothy Mackay, London, Luzac and Co., Ltd.

Mass, Jeffrey P., 1976: The Kamakura Bakufu: A Study in Documents, Stanford, Stanford University Press.

Mass, Jeffrey P., 1974a: Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan : A Study of the Kamakura Bakufu, Shuga, and Jito, New Haven, Yale University Press.

Mass , Jeffrey P. , 1974b : "The Emergence of the Kamakura Bakufu," in Hall and Mass.

Mass, Jeffrey P., 1974c : "Jito Land Possession in the Thirteenth Century, 11 in Hall and Mass .

Mousnier, Ronald, 1974 : The Institutions of France under the Absolute Monarchy, Chicago, University of Chicago Press .

Mughal, M. Rafique, 1973 : Present State of Research on Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Ministry of Education and Culture, Government of Pakistan .

Economics 450-550 10 Spring semester 1983

North, Douglass C., and Thomas, Robert Paul, 1973: The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic Histor Cambridge,

Press.

Ostrogorsky, Georg, 1966: "Agrarian Conditions in the Byzantine Empire in the Middle Ages, 11 in Postan, M.M., ed. , Cambridge Economic History of Europe, volume 1, Cambridge University Press.

Palmer, Leonard R., 1980: Mycenaeans and Minoans: Aegean Prehistoric in the Light of the Linear B Tablets, second edition, Westport , CT, Te Greenwoo Press.

Parsons, James Bunyan, 1970: The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty, Tucson, University of Arizona Press . The Association for Asian Studies: monographs and papers no. 26 (Paul Wheatley, editor) .

Perkins, Dwight, 1969 : Agricultural Development in China, 1368-1968, Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co.

Pirenne, Jacques, 1933: Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, New York, Harcourt Brace .

Polanyi, Karl, Arensberg, Konrad A., and Pearson, Harry W., 1971: Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, Chicago, Regnery.

Postan, M.M. , 1973: Essays on Medieval Agr iculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Postgate, J.N., 1971: "Land Tenure in the Middle Assyrian Period: A Reconstruction," Journal of Oriental and African Studies, no. 34, part 3.

Reischauer, Edwin O., 1970: Japan: The Story of a Nation, New York, Alfred A. Knopf.

Reischauer, Edwin 0., 1956: "Japanese Feudalism," in Coulborn 1956.

Renfrew, Colin, ed., 1973: The Explanation of Culture Change : Models in Prehistory, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press.

Roberts Henry L. , 1951: Rumania: Political Problems of an Agrarian State, New Haven, Yale University Press.

Economics 450-550 11 Spring semester 1983

Rostovtzev, M., 1926 : A History of the Ancient World, vol. 1: The Orient and Greece; vol. 2: Rome, orig. Oxford, Clarenden Press; reprinted by Greenwood Press, Westport, CT •.

Savory, R.M., ed., 1976: Introduction to Islamic Civi lization , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Smith, Thomas C. , 1970: The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan, Stanford, Stanford University Press.

Soustelle, Jacques, 1955 : The Daily Life of the Aztecs on the Eve of the Spanish Conquest, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

Stevens , Courtnay Edward, 1966: "Agriculture and Rural Life in the Later Roman Empire," CEHE 1:92-125.

Stokes, Eric, 1975: "Agrarian Society and the Pax Britannica in Northern India in the Early Nineteenth Century," in Modern Asian Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, October.

Strayer , Joseph R., 1956: "Feudalism in Western Europe," in Coulborn 1956.

Szeftel, Marc, 1956: "Aspects of Feudalism in Russian History," in Coulborn 1956 .

Takekoshi, Yosoburo, 1930: The Economic As ects of the History of the Civilization of Ja an, vols . ,2,3, New York, Macmillan.

Thompson , E.A., 1952 : "Peasant Revolts in Late Roman Gaul and Spain, 11 in Past and Present, no. 2, November.

Thorner, Daniel, 1956 : "Feudalism in India," in Colbourn 1956.

Toutain, Jules, 1930 : The Economic Life of the Ancient World, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, republished by Arno Press, 1979.

Toynbee, Arnold J., 1946: A Study of History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 12 volumes; abridged into 2 volumes by D.C . Somervell, Oxford University Press, 1965.

Tripathi, R. S. , 1960 : History of Ancient India, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass.


Twitchett, Denis, 1962:

12

Land Tenure and the Social Order in T'ang and Sung China, London, Oxford University Press. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, inaugural lecture delivered November 28, 1961 .

Utrecht, Ernst, 1976: "Political Mobilizations of Peasants in Indonesia, •• in Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol. 6, no. 3.

Vaill ant, George ·c., 1962 : Aztecs of Mexico: Origin, Rise and Fall of the Aztec Nation, Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday.

Volgyes, Ivan, ed., 1979: The Peasantr of Eastern Euro e, vol. 1: "Roots of Rural Trans ormat1on;" vo • 2: "2th Century Developments," New York, Pergamon Press.

Volgyes, Ivan; Lodsdale, Richard E.; and Avery, William P., 1980: The Process of Rural Transformation : Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Australia, New York, Pergamon Press.

Wadekin Karl-Eugen, 1982: Agrarian Policies in Communist Europe, The Hague, Allenheld, Osmun, Studies in East European and Soviet Russian Agrarian Policy, vol. 1.

Weber, Max, 1950 : General Economic History, New York , Free Press. Republished by Collier Macmillan, 1961.

Weber, Max, 1951: The Religion of China, New York , Free Press (Macmillan).

Wittfogel, Karl A., 1957: Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power, New Haven, Yale University Press.

Wolf, Eric R., 1969: Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, New York, Harper and Row.

Wright, Arthur F, and Twitchett, Denis, eds., 1973: Perspectives on the T'ang, New Haven, Yale University Press.

OFFICE HOURS

Mr. Powelson's office is in the Institute of Behavioral Science, Building No.2 , located at 1546 Broadway. Walk downhill on the east side of Broadway, north from University Avenue . Cross Grandview. I.B.S. No. 2 is the third house from the corner with Grandview. If you reach the restaurant and motel just before Arapahoe, you have gone too far. Mr . Powelson's office hours will be Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 1:00 to 1:50 p.m., inmediately following this class.

r. Readings from Encyclopedia Britannica

1974 edition

Area Volume Beg page End page No.pages

Andean civilization 1 839 854 15 Argentina 1 1145 1151 6 Brazil 3 144 151 7 Cambodia 3 681 689 8 Centra 1 Africa 3 1090 1101 11 . Central America 3 1107 1118 11 China 4 297 402 105 East Africa 6 90 109 19 Egypt 6 460 500 40 Ethiopia 6 1006 1012 6 India 9 334 428 94 Indonesia 9 477 492 15 Iran 9 829 861 32 Japan 10 57 91 34 Laos 10 677 679 2 Malaya 11 365 368 3 Mesopotamia 11 963 1000 37 Mexico 12 79 85 6 North Africa · 13 145 173 28 Ottoman Empire 13 145 173 28 Southern Africa 17 274 298 24 Vietnam 19 120 131 11 West Africa 19 760 785 25

---------Tota 1 no. of pages 567