economically motivated adulteration

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Food Fraud Economically Motivated Adulteration (EMA): Identifying Challenges Ahead and Mitigation Strategies World of Food Safety Conference May 22, 2013 Session 5 -- 13:45 to 14:30 John Spink, PhD Director, Food Fraud Initiative Michigan State University [email protected] 517.381.4491 Http://FoodFraud.MSU.edu -- Twitter @FoodFRaud and #FoodFraud htt *

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Food Fraud Economically Motivated Adulteration

(EMA): Identifying Challenges Ahead and Mitigation Strategies World of Food Safety Conference

May 22, 2013 – Session 5 -- 13:45 to 14:30

John Spink, PhD

Director, Food Fraud Initiative

Michigan State University [email protected]

517.381.4491

Http://FoodFraud.MSU.edu -- Twitter @FoodFRaud and #FoodFraud htt

*

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 2

Interdisciplinary Engagement

• Leadership, training & collaboration initiatives • Food safety, education, training, and outreach

initiatives • Enhancing communication • Evolving role of science and academia • Partnerships in action

– State of Michigan – GFSI, ISO, US Pharmacopeia/ Food Chemicals

Codex, etc.

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 3

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 4

What is Food Fraud?

Food Fraud

Dilution Contaminant

Grey Market/ Theft/ Diversion Counterfeiting

Unapproved Enhancements Mislabeling

Substitution

Source: Food Fraud Think Tank Presentation, GFSI, 10/2012

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

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Defining Food Fraud • Action: Deception Using Food

– Including “Intentional Adulteration” • Motivation: Economic Gain

– Food Defense motivation is harm or terror • Effect:

– Economic Threat – Public Health Vulnerability or Threat

• Examples – Horsemeat in ground beef – Peanut Corporation selling known contaminated product – Diluted or extra virgin olive oil – Melamine in pet food and infant formula – Over-icing with unsanitary water – Unauthorized unsanitary repackaging (up-labeling or origin-laundering)

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

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Food

Sec

urity

The Food Risk Matrix

Action Intentional Unintentional

Harm:

Public Health, Economic, or

Terror

Food Defense

Food Safety

Motivation

Gain: Economic

Food Fraud(1)

Food Quality

The Cause leading to the Effect of Adulteration

Source: Adapted from: Spink (2006), The Counterfeit Food and Beverage Threat, Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO), Annual Meeting 2006; Spink, J. & Moyer, DC (2011) Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud, Journal of Food Science, November 2011

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

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The Chemistry of the Crime Brand Protection

• Management/ IT

• Market Monitoring

• Supply Chain Integrity

• Product Protection • Tampering

• Traceability

• Authentication

• Security

• Safety

The Fraud Opportunity

Victim Guardians/ Hurdles

Fraudsters

Traditional Criminology

Environmental Criminology

Reference: Spink 2010, Adapted from: Felson’s Crime in Everyday Life, 1998

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

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Application to Food • Regardless of the cause of the food risk, food

adulteration is a food issue. • Food safety, food fraud, and food defense can

create food adulteration risks. • Economically motivated adulteration is

economically motivated, but the food public health risks are probably more risky than the traditional food safety threats…

• …because the contaminants are unconventional…

• …we’re not specifically looking for them.

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 9

Graduate Courses (Online, Three Credits) • Anti-Counterfeit & Product Protection (Food Fraud) • Quantifying Food Risk (including Food Fraud) • Food Protection and Defense (Packaging Module) • Packaging for Food Safety Certificate (Online, Four Courses Each) • Certificate in Food Fraud Prevention (Food Safety) • Certificate in Counterfeit Medicines (Public Health) • Certificate in Counterfeiting Criminology (Criminal Justice) Graduate Degree (Online) • Master of Science in Food Safety

Curriculum

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 11 © 2012 Michigan State University 11

Acknowledgements • MSU NFSTC: Dr. Scott Winterstein, Trent Wakenight, Kristi Gates, Dr. Kevin Walker, Sandy Enness,

Jen Sysak, Dr. Rick Foster, to name a few critical contributors and supporters. • MSU Food Safety Policy Center: Dr. Ewen Todd • MSU School of Packaging: Dr. Bruce Harte, Dr. Robb Clarke, Dr. Laura Bix, Dr. Paul Singh, Dr.

Diana Twede, Dr. Gary Burgess, Dr. Harold Hughes, Dr. Mark Uebersax, Dennis Young, and Dr. Joseph Hotchkiss

• MSU Communication Arts/ Consumer Behavior: Dr. Maria Lapinski and Dr. Nora Rifon • MSU Supply Chain Management: Dr. Cheryl Speier, Dr. Ken Boyer, Dr. John MacDonald, Dr. David

Closs, Dr. Stan Griffis, Dr. Judy Whipple • MSU College Social Science: Dean Marietta Baba and Assoc Dean Chris Maxwell • MSU College of Law: Dr. Neil Fortin and Dr. Peter Yu • MSU Veterinary Medicine: Dr. Wilson Rumbeiha and Dr. Dan Grooms • MSU Program in Public Health: Dr. Michael Rip and Douglas C Moyer • MSU Global: Dr. Christine Geith, Jerry Rhead, Gwyn Shelle, Lauren Zavala, Dr. Karen Klomparens • MSU Libraries: Anita Ezzo, Nancy Lucas, Kara Gust • MSU International Programs: Dr. Mary Anne Walker, Dr. John Whimms • MSU Criminal Justice: Dr. Jeremy Wilson, Dr. Ed McGarrell, Dr. Justin Heinonen, Roy Fenoff,

Zoltan Fejas, Barbara Sayre, and Sara Heeg • State of Michigan’s Ag & Food Protection Strategy Steering Committee: Dr. John Tilden, Brad

Deacon, Gary Wojtala

FoodFraud.msu.edu (c) 2013 Michigan State University© 20311

Michigan State University 12

Discussion

John Spink, PhD [email protected]

www.A-CAPPP.msu.edu 517-381-4491

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