St. Augustine University of Tanzania

COURSE CODE: GE 142COURSE TITLE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

COURSE INTSTRUCTOR: ISOLE, GOUSTONE F (Fr)

PRESENTERS SONS OF GOSHEN GROUPDATE 10TH MARCH, 2014VENUE M12

FACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

5 Types of Economic Activities

Based on the 1st Approach as advocated by David Waugh, 1995

in Geography: An Integrated Approach

An account of the 1st Approach

• First approach ranged along a continuum of both complex of product and service.

• In this perspective, the economies are characterized with various distinctive stages of production, depending on the increasing distance from natural environment.

Varying conditions affecting world’s productive works ……..

Environmental conditions Political conditions

Cultural conditions

Technological conditions

Market conditions

Environmental conditions

• Climate e.g.. Lumbering in equatorial• Soil e.g.. Agriculture- Animal husbandry and Crop

cultivation• Natural resources e.g.. Minerals

Nota Benne: …you can hardly conduct agricultural or fishing activities in desert areas.

Political conditions

Protective tariffs or production restriction pattern of economic activities.

National Priorities e.g..

Also focuses on governmental stability/ instability

“Kilimo Kwanza” in TZ

Technological conditions

• Pre industrial societies .

• Industrial societies.

Cultural conditions

• Food preference Maize is a preferred grain in Africa and America Rice in Asia

• Cultural beliefs In Muslim societies pigs are not produced. Buddhists believers do not keep domestic

animals i.e. cows are said to be their gods

Market conditions

• Free market mechanism

• Government instructions

• Consumption requirements

Primary Activities Secondary Activities

Quarternary Activities Tertiary Activities

Quinary Activities

The major types of Economic Activities……..

Primary Activities

Activities that harvest or extract things from earth.

Utilization of environment potentialities (nature). e.g. crops cultivation, hunting, gathering, grazing, mining, fishing, forestry etc.

Secondary Activities

• Activities that add values to raw materials by changing their forms into more useful and valuable commodities.

• Range from simple handcraft production to complex and delicate production of goods e.g. copper smelting, steel making, chemical industries etc.

Tertiary Activities

• Professional services that need special skills and are provided in exchange of payments. E.g. Business and labor specialization that provide services to primary and secondary sector.

Tertiary Activities cont….

• These involve both production and exchange. e.g. financial institution, communication service, health, education, banking system.

Quaternary Activities

Are applied to expertised service rendered by professional working in educational sectors, and government , management, advocate, information processing and research.

Quaternary Activities

• Are intellectual occupations which are advanced and specialized such as thinking, research and developing new ideas. E.g. education ,research, information processing

Quinary Activities

• Are intellectual occupations which are advanced and specialized such as thinking, research and developing new ideas. E.g. education ,research, information processing

Interrelation of Types of Economic Activities

Conclusion

• Transportation and communication services and facilities cut across the general categories of human economic activities, unite them and make possible spatial interactions that all human enterprises requires. Therefore transport and communication services have helped in the development of economic and spatial human activities. Such as Roads, Railways and Air Services.

• Importance of transport and communication.• Used to carry person, manufacturing goods

and property from one location to another• It is an organized industry which satisfies

man’s basic need of mobility• Speedy and efficient transport system

assisting the production, distribution and consumption of goods

• Every stage the value of material is significantly enhanced by transport.

Thanks For Being Attentive..

Yours GeographicallySons of Goshen Members