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Lithosphere and Atmosphere reviewer for third quarter: EARTH SCIENCE

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Science LT #2 Reviewer.

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Page 1: EarthSci - Reviewer

Lithosphere and Atmosphere

reviewer for third quarter:

EARTH SCIENCE

Page 2: EarthSci - Reviewer

The observation that the continents fit together like puzzle pieces, and may once have been connected, led Alfred Wegener to propose a theory in 1910 called

a. continental plowingb. continental driftc. wandering continentsd. shape matching of continents

Page 3: EarthSci - Reviewer

The essence of Wegener's idea was sound, based on some scientific observations. Which of the following supported his theory?

a.Matching fossil plant remains found on two different continentsb.Matching reptile remains found on two different continentsc.nearly identical sedimentary rock types of same age in widely separated locationsd.all of the above

Page 4: EarthSci - Reviewer

The development of submarine warfare during World War II created a pressing need to map the ocean floor. This actually led to research on the ocean floor that would help explain the movement of the continents. What tool was used to do this mapping?

a. underwater camerasb. sonar surveysc. studies of living thingsd. rock sampling

Page 5: EarthSci - Reviewer

Scientists found that the continents were moving apart from each other due to magma rising out of mid-ocean ridges, and they called this

a. sea floor spreadingb. sea floor risingc. changing sea floord. underwater volcanoes

Page 6: EarthSci - Reviewer

Plate tectonics is our current theory of how the movement of continental masses relates to the movement of ocean basins. This movement explains many phenomena, such as

a. earthquakesb. volcanoesc. weather patternsd. all of the above

Page 7: EarthSci - Reviewer

Plate margins are places where much activity occurs. Earthquakes occur, for example, along convergent margins, where plates are

a. moving apartb. sliding past each otherc. Collidingd. Not moving

Page 8: EarthSci - Reviewer

Scientists found that the continents were moving apart from each other due to magma rising out of mid-ocean ridges, and they called this

a. sea floor spreadingb. sea floor risingc. changing sea floord. underwater volcanoes

Page 9: EarthSci - Reviewer

Plate tectonics, or the movement of pieces of Earth's crust, is thought to be caused by

a.volcanoesb.earthquakesc.convection currents in Earth's mantled.hot spots

Page 10: EarthSci - Reviewer

The man who pioneered the continental drift hypothesis was

a. Tuzo Wilsonb. Herman Hessc. Alfred Wegenerd. Andrija Mohorovicic

Page 11: EarthSci - Reviewer

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed near the end of Paleozoic?

a. Laurentiab. Euro-Asiac. Ameri-Africad. Pangea

Page 12: EarthSci - Reviewer

Three basic types of plate boundaries are

a.divulgent, convergent, and transform faultb.divergent, convergent, and transform faultc.direct, indirect, and transformd.subductive, convergent, and flat

Page 13: EarthSci - Reviewer

Plates move apart, leaving a gap at the

a. convergent plate boundariesb. divergent plate boundariesc. transform plate boundariesd. all plate boundaries

Page 14: EarthSci - Reviewer

Plates collide along

a. convergent plate boundariesb. divergent plate boundariesc. transform plate boundariesd. all plate boundaries

Page 15: EarthSci - Reviewer

Volcanic island arcs (like Aleutian Islands) are associated with

a.divergent plate boundariesb.convergent (continental-continental) plate boundariesc.convergent (oceanic-continental) plate boundariesd.convergent (oceanic-oceanic) plate boundaries

Page 16: EarthSci - Reviewer

In what layer of the Earth does plate tectonics occur?

a. Asthenosphereb. Lithospherec. Mesosphered. Tectosphere

Page 17: EarthSci - Reviewer

Which is the largest lithospheric plate?

a. Africanb. Antarcticc. Eurasiand. Pacific

Page 18: EarthSci - Reviewer

What does the term plate tectonics mean?

a.The large slabs of rock on Earth that we live on.b.A dinner plate that is high-tech.c.The theory that says our Earth's crust is made of giant pieces of rock.d.The places where the mountain are.

Page 19: EarthSci - Reviewer

What are tectonic plates?

a.The major mountains on Earth.b.The giant slabs of rock that make up our Earth's crust.c.A shiny, silver plate.d.Things that make mountains.

Page 20: EarthSci - Reviewer

What do we call places where plates meet?

a. Plate-meeting placeb. Plate linec. Division chordd. Plate boundary

Page 21: EarthSci - Reviewer

What do we call a place where two plates are moving apart?

a.Divergent Boundaryb.Separation Pointc.Division lined.Transformational-Geological Boundary

Page 22: EarthSci - Reviewer

What will surely happen when two tectonic plates separate?

a.Earthquakeb.A ridge formsc.The boundary becomes unstable and there is a breakout of volcanoesd.Two plates form

Page 23: EarthSci - Reviewer

What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault?

a. A convergence boundaryb. A divisional boundaryc. A transform boundaryd. A boundary of San Andreas

Page 24: EarthSci - Reviewer

What happens when pressure is released at a transform boundary?

a.An earthquake occursb.Mount St. Helens explodesc.A volcano is formedd.The plate receives too much pressure on the edge and eventually breaks apart

Page 25: EarthSci - Reviewer

How do continents form?

•Two plates separate and more earth is formed.•As a convergent boundary is created, and as the plate moves in one direction, large mass of land is formed on the other end.•A volcano explodes and the magma forms the base for a new continental crust.•A meteor hits earth and forms a new piece of land.

Page 26: EarthSci - Reviewer

What is a volcano?

a.A big piece of rock that can vomit.b.A volcano is an opening or rupture in earth's crust that lets hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from below the crust.c.A place in the Earth's Crust that is open.d.Is a mountain that is sick.

Page 27: EarthSci - Reviewer

How are Volcanoes formed?

a.When a tectonic plate gets angry.b.When two pieces of rock hit each other.c.When tectonic plates move apart or come together.d.When a piece of rock gets sick and needs to vomit.

Page 28: EarthSci - Reviewer

How are Shield Volcanoes formed?

a.When a hill becomes a volcano.b.When Lava flows out of a central vent and forms a dome like shape.c.When a volcano is used as a shield by people.d.When one plate meets another at a transform boundary.

Page 29: EarthSci - Reviewer

What do we call the central point in the earthquake where the energy is being released?

a. Hypocenterb. Focus c. Epicenterd. Quake Shake

Page 30: EarthSci - Reviewer

Most magma forms in...

a. continental crustb. the lithospherec. the asthenosphered. ocean crust

Page 31: EarthSci - Reviewer

An opening in the earth's surface through which molten rock flows is called a ...

a. Ventb. Calderac. Mantled. Fault

Page 32: EarthSci - Reviewer

An opening on the earth's surface through which molten rock flows and the material that builds up around the opening together form a...

a. subduction zoneb. trenchc. convergent boundaryd. volcano

Page 33: EarthSci - Reviewer

The broad volcanic feature formed by quiet eruptions on thin lava flows is called a ...

a. shield zoneb. cinder conec. riftd. strato-volcano

Page 34: EarthSci - Reviewer

Which of the following formations would most likely result from a single violent volcanic eruption?

a. shield volcanob. ventc. cinder coned. caldera

Page 35: EarthSci - Reviewer

Before a volcanic eruption, seismic activity seems to...

a.increase in frequency and decrease in intensityb.decrease in both frequency and intensityc.decrease in frequency and increase in intensityd.increase in both frequency and intensity

Page 36: EarthSci - Reviewer

How is magma different from lava?

a. The two are the sameb. Magma is unerupted lavac. Lava can have gas in itd. Magma is a large amount of lava

Page 37: EarthSci - Reviewer

The layers of the Earth have been discovered by:

a.Studying the layers of other planetsb.Sending x-ray equipment into fault linesc.Studying seismic waves caused by earthquakesd.Studying drilled core samples

Page 38: EarthSci - Reviewer

The Earth's inner core is made up of ____________________.

a.Nitrogenb.Anorthrositec.Lithium-iond.Nickel-iron alloy

Page 39: EarthSci - Reviewer

The Earth's lithosphere:

a.Is made up of two types: oceanic and continentalb.Is generally made up of titanium dioxidec.Contains tactile platesd.Is synonymous with our atmosphere

Page 40: EarthSci - Reviewer

The interior structure of the earth from the surface to the center is:

a.inner core, outer core, mantle and crustb.atmosphere, mantle, crustc.crust, mantle and core

Page 41: EarthSci - Reviewer

The most common element in the earth's crust is:

a.Aluminumb.Siliconc.Irond. Oxygen

Page 42: EarthSci - Reviewer

The layer of the earth which is plastic like putty is the:

a. crustb. mantlec. cored. asthenosphere

Page 43: EarthSci - Reviewer

The core of the earth is:

a.partly molten rock and partly solid rockb.made of iron and other melted metalsc.plastic like puttyd.Made of molten materials

Page 44: EarthSci - Reviewer

What occurs where crustal plates diverge or move apart?

a. Erosionb. Earthquakesc. Volcanoesd. Convection current

Page 45: EarthSci - Reviewer

Convergent crustal plate boundaries are sites of:

a. Erosionb. Earthquakesc. Volcanic activityd. Mountain formation

Page 46: EarthSci - Reviewer

The Theory of Continental Drift states that:

a.continents were once joined together and have since moved apartb.one original super-continent sank and rose in different locations forming valleys and mountains as we now know themc.the continents of the world drift like boats in any direction on the molten rock beneath the surface

Page 47: EarthSci - Reviewer

The original super-continent that may have existed 200 million years ago has been named:

a. Pangaeab. Gondwanac. Antarcticad. Rodinia

Page 48: EarthSci - Reviewer

The instrument used to measure earthquakes is the:

a.Richter Scaleb.Beaufort Scalec.Seismographd.Seismogram

Page 49: EarthSci - Reviewer

The earthquake waves that cause the greatest damage to buildings are the:

a. Tidal wavesb. P or primary wavesc. S or secondary wavesd. Surface waves

Page 50: EarthSci - Reviewer

Rocks are broken up into three major groups:

a.magma, metamorphic, and mineralsb.igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentaryc.sedimentary, sand, and igneousd.sand, mud, and silt

Page 51: EarthSci - Reviewer

Rocks that come out of volcanoes form the greater part of the Earth's crust. These rocks are:

a.igneous rocksb.Basaltc.metamorphic rocksd.granite

Page 52: EarthSci - Reviewer

Chalk and limestone are made up of the remains of animals. They are:

a. both very hardb. pebblesc. sedimentary rocksd. conglomerate

Page 53: EarthSci - Reviewer

From deep within the earth molten magma bubbles up, heating rocks that surround it. This process turns igneous and sedimentary rocks into:

a. gneissb. slatec. marbled. metamorphic rocks

Page 54: EarthSci - Reviewer

This is the name of the solid rock beneath the soil:

a. extrusive rockb. limestonec. bedrockd. granite

Page 55: EarthSci - Reviewer

Coal is a sedimentary rock made up of organic matter that has become solid. Unlike limestone, coal is made up of:

a. plant fossilsb. shellsc. insectsd. dinosaurs

Page 56: EarthSci - Reviewer

You can group igneous rocks by the sizes of grains in them. Rocks made of magma are ____ and those from lava are ____.

a. intrusive; extrusiveb. crystals; mineralsc. volcanic; metamorphicd. intrusive; only made of silica

Page 57: EarthSci - Reviewer

Which of these is not the name of a type of rock?

A. GraniteB. ChalkC. TalcD. Slate

Page 58: EarthSci - Reviewer

Marble is a rock that has been changed from another. What do we call these type of rocks?

A. MetamorphicB. IgneousC. IgnorantD. Morpeth

Page 59: EarthSci - Reviewer

A rock that has been ‘layered’ is called:

A. SedimentaryB. IgneousC. MetamorphicD. Ingenious

Page 60: EarthSci - Reviewer

Rocks are changed to metamorphic rocks by:

A. Sun and seaB. Heat and pressureC. Rivers and cliffsD. Volcanoes

Page 61: EarthSci - Reviewer

What type of rock is likely to form when this magma cools?

A. MetamorphicB. SedimentaryC. IgneousD. Clastic

Page 62: EarthSci - Reviewer

Which of these would not cause weathering?

A. RainB. SunC. CloudD. Frost

Page 63: EarthSci - Reviewer

Transport of sediment usually occurs:

A. by people carrying itB. by rivers carrying itC. in volcanoesD. by wind dispersal

Page 64: EarthSci - Reviewer

What type of rock is this?

A. IgneousB. SedimentaryC. MetamorphicD. Fossil

Page 65: EarthSci - Reviewer

We are likely to find fossils in which type of rock?

A. SedimentaryB. MagmaC. IgneousD. Lava

Page 66: EarthSci - Reviewer

Limestone (calcium carbonate) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form:

A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon dioxideD. Methane

Page 67: EarthSci - Reviewer

Basalt has very small crystals. How would you expect it to have formed?

A. From sandstoneB. UndergroundC. By depositionD. From cooling lava

Page 68: EarthSci - Reviewer

Slate was used a lot for tiling the roofs of houses. What type of rock is it?

A. IgneousB. SedimentaryC. OrganicD. Metamorphic

Page 69: EarthSci - Reviewer

A rock that cools quickly is likely to have:

A. Large crystalsB. No crystalsC. Invisible crystalsD. Small crystals