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Earthquake Safety

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Earthquake Risk

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Causes of earthquake damage can include: Shaking Liquefaction Aftershocks Tsunamis

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Shaking http://youtu.be/FW-TkpvKPl0 Produced by seismic waves - most violent Kilometers away from the epicenter S Waves (side to side & up and down motion) Damage: Land slides or avalanches Destruction to buildings, roads and pipes Shaking depends on type of rock and soil

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Aftershocks Small earthquake that occurs after a larger one Earth settling Can take place hours, days or months later

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Tsunamis Earthquake Water displaced forms a wave carrying energy (low height in the ocean) Closer to the beach it begins to pull water and creates the "wall of water"

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Liquefaction Shaking turns loose soft soil into liquid mud Soil must be full of moisture "Quicksand" http://youtu.be/4Uwxr42JqYQ http://youtu.be/RJCidfj-x9M

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To reduce earthquake damage, new buildings must be made stronger and more flexible.

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Seismic Safe Buildings Base Isolators Tension Ties Cross Ties Dampers Flexible Pipes

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Seismic Safe Buildings http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/tech nology_and_society/cfh-1020_frames.html